Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 2.djvu/886

 LOT

Dr. Wallis tells us, that a canon of this kind was formed many years ago. It was begun, perhaps, by Harriot, and it was finifhed at leaft, and prepared for the prefs, if not begun, by Warner. This canon feems to have been loft; but the lofs has been fupplied by Mr. Dodfon. See the Anti-logarithmic canon by James Dodfon, Lond. 1742. fol. where the author alio fhews the conftrudtion and life of his table at large. Imaginary Logarithm is ufedfor tins logarithm of negative and imaginary quantities % fuch as a— y— a, &c. Thus alio the flu- ents of certain imaginaryfluxionaryexprefllons, fuchas x __ ^ f

.. a x j&c. ate imaginary logarithms.

z bx s/ — 1

[* Etder, Analyf. infin. Vol. 1. pag. 72, 74.]

The expreflion — reprefents the fluxion of the Logarithm of no Logarithm can reprefent the fluent of
 * , and the fluent therefore of — is the Logarithm of x ; but

x t/ — 1

which is therefore called an imaginary Logarithm. However, when thefe imaginary Logarithms occur in the fo- liations of problems, they may be transformed into circular arcs or fectors ; that is, the imaginary Logarithm, or imagi- nary hyperbolic fedtor becomes a real circular lector. See Bernoulli, Opcr. Tom. I. p. 400. and p. 512. Mac Laurin's Fluxions, Art. 762, feq. IVahnejlcy, Anal, des mef. p. 63.

LOGARITHMIC. This head is referred to in the Append. from the article Curve, in the SuppL by miftake. But fee the article Logarithmic, Suppl.

LOGGERHEAT, in the fea-language, denotes a large round ball of iron, with a long handle, for heating pitch. Blancklefs Nav. Expof. p. 100.

LOGWOOD, the wood of a genus of plants, called by Lin- nseus Hamaioxylum. See the article Hjematoxylum, Suppl.

LONDON pride, a name ufed among Gardeners for the geum, a diftinct genus of plants. See the article Geum, SuppL

LONICERA, (Suppl.) in the Linnsean fyftem of botany, the name of a large genus of plants, comprehending, according to that author, the Caprifolium, Periclimenum, Chamacerafm and Xylojlcum of Tournefort, and other botaiufts ; togethei with the Triojleofpermum and Symphoricarpos of Dillenius. See the articles Caprifolium, &c. Suppl. The characters are thefe. The cup is a fmall perianthium, placed on the germen, and divided into five fegments. The flower confifts of a fingle petal, the tube is oblong, and gib- bofe downwards, the limb is divided into five fegments, one of which is more deeply ferrated than the reft, and all turn backward. The ftamina are five fubulated filaments, nearly of the length of the flower j the anthers are oblong, the germen is roundifli, and placed under the receptacle, the ftyle is filiform, and of the length of the flower, the ftignu is obtufely capitated. The fruit is a roundifh, umbilicated berry, containing two cells ; the feeds are roundifh and comprefTcd.

As they all agree in thefe general characters, they are to be accounted only one genus. Linnesi Gen. Plant, p. 75.

LOOKING Glafs{ Suppl. J—Venus'sLooKixGglaJs, in botany, a name by which fome call the Campanula. See the article Campanula, Suppl.

LOOSE ftrife, a name fometlmes given to the Lyjtmachia, or willow-herb of botanilts. Seethe article Lysimachia, Suppl.

Podded Loose Jlt'ife, the name of a genus of plants, called by botanifts Bpilobium, or Chamanerium. See the article Cham-snerium, SuppL

Spiked Loose ftrife, the name of a genus of plants, called by botanifts Salicaria. See the article Salicaria, SuppL

LORANTHUS, in the Linnaean fyftem of botany," the "name of a genus of plants, called by others Lonicera. See the arti- cleLoNiCERA, SuppL

LORD in grofs, he who is Lord, not by reafoh of any manor, as the king in refpect of his crown, &c. "Terms of law, Blount, CdixieL

LOTE-^m-, in botany, the name of a genus of plants, called by authors Celtis* 'See the article Celtis, Suppl.

L Y S

LOTUS Afrizanus, in botany, a name by which fome call the

( Guaiacana'oi' Tournefort. See the article Guaiacana SuppL

Bladder Lotus, a name fometlmes given to a fpecies of Vul- neraria. See the article Vulneraria, SuppL

LOVfc-grafs, in botany. See the article Grass, Append.

Love in a mijl, a name ufed among gardeners for the Grana- dilla, or paflion-flower. See the article Gran a diet, a, SuppL

Love lies a-blceding, a popular name for the Amaranth. See the article Amaranth, Suppl.

LO\J$K( Suppl ) — Tree-LousE, a genus of infects, called by zoologifts Aphis. See the article Aphis, Append.

LovsE-wort, a name ufed by fome for the Delphinium of bo- tannicul writers. See the article Delphinium, Suppl.

LousE-worr is alfo theEnglifti name of a genus of plants, called by botanilts Pedicularis. See the article Pedicularis, Suppl.

LOWINGS, in falconry. See the article Lunes, Append.

LUMBRICUS, in zoology, the name of a genus of infects, called in Englifti earth-worms. See the articles Worm and KARTH-wonns, Suppl.

The Lumbricus is an infect of the larger kind, of an oblong form, confiderably thick rounded in fhape, and covered faith a fofr. and fiender (kin, marked with annular ridges, and fur- rows. When full grown, it is often ten inches, or more, in length, and more than a third of an inch in diameter. Its colour is a dufky red.

It is common every where, at little depths, under the firrface of the earth ; it is not unfrequently alfo met with in the hu- man inteftines, as well as in thofe of other animals, in which ftate it has been fuppofed a different creature, and called by a new name.

Befides the common earth-worm, there is found another fpe- cies of Lumbricus in the mud about theSea-fhores, very large, growing very often to a foot or more in length ; it entirely refembles the other, only that it is of a paler red, and has its flcin covered with little prominences, which makes it rough or fcabrous to the touch. Vid. Hill, Hift. Anim. p. 15.

LUNES, orLowiNGS, in falconry, leathes, or long lines to call in hawks. Ruft. Diet, in voc

LUNGS (Suppl.) — 5^-Lungs, the Englifh name of the Mcdufa, agenus of infects. See the article Medusa, Append.

Ships-LuxGs, a name given to the ventilators of fhips. See the article Ventilator, Append.

Lung-uwt (SuppL) — Cow's LuxG-wort, a name fometimes given to the Verbo.pum, or Mullein. See the article Ver- bascum, SuppL

LURCHER, among fportfmen, a kind of hunting dog, like a mongrel greyhound, with pricked ears, a Ihaggy coat, and generally of a yellowifh-white colour. Ruft. Diet, in voc.

LUST-ttwrr, a name by which fome call Ros Jolis, a diftinct genus of plants. See the article &os folis, SuppL

LYCIUM, Av'ignon-berry, Avignon-thorn, or box-thorn, in botany, the name of a genus of plants, the characters of which are thefe : The cup is a fmall, erect, obtufe, perma- nent perianthium, divided into five fegments; the flower con- fifts of a fingle in fundi bull form petal ; the tube is cylindric, patent and crooked ; the limb is fmall, divided into five feg- ments, obtufe and patulous ; the ftamina are five fubulated filaments, growing out of the tube of the flower ; they are fhorter than it, and inclinated ; the antheras are erect ; the germen of the piftil is roundifli ; the ftyle is fimple, and longer than the ftamina ; the ftigma is bifid and thick ; the fruit is a roundifh berry, containing two cells ; the feeds are numerous, and kidney-ihaped ; and the receptacles are convex. Vid. Linncci Gen. Plant, p. 81.

This genus comprehends likewife the Jafmhwides of other authors.

LYCOCTONUM. See the article Aconite, Cycl.

LYING under the pa, is when, inaftorm, the fhip is a-hull, and the helm fo faftened a-lee, that the fea breaks upon her bow, or broadfule. Blanckley, Nav. Expof. p. 102.

LYNCHET, among farmers, a line of green fward, fervlng as a boundary to feparate plowed land, in common fields. Ruft; Diet, in voc.

LYSIMACHIA Jiliquofa, the name by which fome call the Cbaintsnerium of Tournefort. See the article Cham^e-

RIUM, SuppL