Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 2.djvu/876

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Of this feries there are two clafles, the Anarthra and Poda- ria. See the articles Awarthra and Podaria, Append. The feeond feries of Infefts is called Pteraria, as compre- hending all the winged kinds.

Of this feries there are likwife two orders or fuhdivifions : I. The Pteraria Diptera, or Infecls with two wings. 2. The Pteraria Tetraptera, or thofe with four wings. See the article Pteraria, &c. Append.

The third and laft feries of Infecls is called Gynmarthridia, and comprehends all thofe Infecls which have foft and naked bodies, furnifhed with limbs. See Gymnart'hridia.

INTERCALATION. See the article Interpolation, infra,

INTERMITTING fever. See the article Bilious fever, Append.

INTERPOLATION, (Cycl.) in algebra, is ufed, for the find- ing an intermediate term of a feries, its place in the feries being given. This is alfo called Intercalation. The method of doing this is called the Method of Interpo- lations ^ or Intercalations.

When the algebraic equation of the feries is given, the term required, whether it be a primary or intermediate term, may be found by the refolution of affected equations ; but when this equation is not given, as it often happens, the value of the term fougBt mult be exhibited by a converging feries, or bythequadraiure ot curves. See Stirling, Method. Different. p. 86. feq; Meier, in act. petrop. Tom. II. p. 180, feq. When the firft, feeond, or other fucceffive differences of the terms of a feries become at laft equal, the interpolation of any term of fuch a feries may be found by Sir Ifaac Newton's Differential Method. SeeDiFFERENTiAL Method, App.

INTERSCENDENT, in Algebra, is applied to quanti- ties, when the exponents of their powers are radical quan- tities. Thus % r ** ', z *, &c. are interfcendent quantities. Euler, introduct, ad Analyf. infinit. Vol. i. pag. 6. Hence, an inter -/undent Series or Function is eafily undei flood. See the article Function, Append.

IN-TURN, among wieftlers, is when one puts his thigh be- tween thofe of his adverfary, and lifts up his thigh. Diet. Ruft. in voc.

JOCKEY, in the management of horfes, the perfon who trims up, and rides about horfes for fale. Ruft. Diet, in voc.

JOCKLET, or YOCLET, a term ufed in fome parts of Kent for a little farm which requires but one yoke of oxen to till it. Diet. Ruft. in voc.

JOHN'S bread, or St. John's bread, a name fometimes given to the teratoma, or carob-tree, called by Tournefort Sitiaua, See the article Siliqua, Suppl.

John's, or Sweet John's, a name fometimes given to the Caryophyllus, or pink. Seethe article Pink., Suppl.

JOINT-C&/-& of the Acatery, See thearticlc Acatery, Cycl.

JOKY. See the article Jockey, Append.

JONQUIL, a name given by fome to the Narcijfus of botanifts. See the article Narcissus, Suppl.

JOVIS barba, in botany, the name of a diflinct genusof plants. See the article Barba Jovis, Suppl.

IRON (Suppl.) — For the expanfion of Iron by heat. See the article Heat, Append.

iROH-zuood, in botany, the name of a genus of plant?, called by botanifts Sideroxylum. See the article Sideroxylum, Append.

Filings of Iron, in medicine, when reduced to an impalpable powder, is an excellent form to be given in female disorders, in which the body is weak, languid, and full of acidities; the juices are themfelves the belt menttruum in the world for it, as appears from its producing eructations of the fmell of gar- lick, and by its tinging the excrements as black as ink. The natural heat, before wanting, is always excited by this means.

IRRIGATION, Irrigatio, denotes the watering of a meadow, garden, &c. Diet. Ruft. in voc.

XSARUS, in zoology, a name given by the antients tothecha-

moy-goat. Seethe article Rupicapr a, Suppl. ■ISOPERIMETRICAL (Cycl.)— Ifperhnetrical lines and fi- gures have greatly engaged the attention of mathemati- cians fince the invention of fluxions. The analyfis of the general problem concerning figures, that among all thofe of the fame perimeter produce maxima and minima, was given by Mr. James Bernoulli, from computations that involve fe- eond and third fluxions. a And feveral inquiries of this na- ture have been fince profecuted in like manner, but not al- ways with equal fuccefs. Mr. Mac Laurin, to vindicate the doctrine of fluxions from the imputation of uncertainty, or obfeurity, has illuftrated this fubject, which is commonly confidered as one of the moll abftrufe parts of this doc- trine, by giving the refolution and compofition of thefe problems by firft fluxions only ; and in a manner that fug- gefts a fynthetic demonftration, ferving to verify the folution h. [ a Analyf s rnagni problematis ifoferimetrici, Act. erudit. Lipf. 1701. p. 213, feq. b See Mac La win's Fluxions, B. I. chap. 13. p. 4.86, feq. See alfo Mem. Acad. Scienc. 1706. 1718. and Jo. Bernoulli, oper. Tom. I. p. 202, 20S, 424, feq. Tom. "II. p. 235, feq.]

ISSUES (Suppl.) — IJjues above the flioulder-bhdcs arc good in afthmatic cafes j and Dr. Mead thinks that their benefit in this and fome other diftempers, lies not only in giving vent 5

I V Y

to the humours, but lfkewife in leffening the over great tenfion

of the nerves. Monit. et Pract. medic, cap. v.

The ufe of Ijfues or fetons, made in the fide on the part moffc

affected, is recommended inftead of bleeding in coniuiriptive

cafes. See the article Consumption, Append, and Issue,

Suppl.

ITCH (Cycl.) —Sulphur is fpecific in this diforder, being both more iafe and more efficacious than mercury. For unlefs a mercurial ointment were to touch every part uf the fkin, there can be no dependance on it j whereas by a fulpbureous one, a cure may be procured only by partial unctions. It would feem, as if the /re/;- infects, like other animals, were killed by the fleams of brimftone, though only raifed by the heat of the body.

As to the internal ufe of mercury, which fome have accounted fpecific, there are many inftances of' people who have under- gone a complete falivation for the cure of the venereal difeafe, without curing the Itch.

A pot offulphureous ointment may be prepared thus : takeofcom- mon fulphur one ounce ; of the root of white hellebore,- two drams ; or one dram of crude fal ammoniac; make them into an ointment with two ounces and an half of hog's lard. This quantity will ferve for four unctions, once every night. But to prevent any diforder that might arife from flopping too many pores at once, it will be proper to anoint only one fourth of the body at one time.

Though the Itch may be thus removed by one pot of ointment, it will be proper to renew the application, and to touch the parts moil affected, for a few nights longer, till a feeond quan- tity, equal to the firft, is alfo exhaufted ; and, in the worfi cafes, to fubjoin the internal ufe of fulphur. Now, as the fumes of the fulphur may heat the blood,' at a time when the perfpiration is fo much impeded, the patient fhould live all the while on a cool diet, and guard againft cold. If he be of a full habit, or in any degree feverifti, it will be proper to bleed and take phyfic ; otherwife, neither of the two eva- cuations is necefiary. See the article Scabies, Suppl.

iTCH-animal, a. creature found in the puftuies of the Itch ; it is a fpecies of Acarus. See the article Acarus, Append.

JUCCA, in botany, the name of a diflinct genus of plants, otherwife called Yucca. See the article Yucca, Suppl.

JUCKING, the notes of a cock-partridge, inviting the hen to come to him. Thefe ferve the fportfman in good ftcad for finding the places where they are. Ruft. Diet, in voc.

JUCURUTA, a very beautiful fpecies of owl, found in the Brazils, and variegated with black and yellow.

JUFFERS, among carpenters, a term ufed for pieces of wood, about four or five inches fquare, and of feveral lengths.

JUGLANS, in the Linnaean fyftem of botany, the name of a diflinct genus of plants, called by Tournefort fimply Nux; and in Englifh the Walnut-tree. See the article Nux,. Suppl.

JUjUBE-rw, the Englifh name of a diflinct genus of plants, called by authors Ziziphus. See the article Ziziphus, Suppl.

JULIANS, the name of a diflinct genus of plants, caMed by botanifts He/peris. Sec the article Hesperis, Suppl.

}XJLY-f owcrs, the Englifh name for feveral fpecies of Caryo- phyllus, or pink. See the article Pi nk, Suppl.

JUNCUS odoratusj aromaticus, and rotundas, in botany, names given to the Sch tenant h. See the article Sch^enanth, Suppl.

IVORY (Cycl. and Suppl.)— Staining or Dying of Ivory. To ftain Ivory of a fine green colour, take to two parts of verdi- greafe one part of fal armoniac.

JVTTY-heads, in the fea-language, platforms ftanding on piles, near the docks, and projecting without the wharfs for the more convenient docking and undocking fhips. Blanckley, Nav. Expofitor, p. 84.

JUG, a fort of earthen pot, or pitcher, to hold drink ; alfo a term ufed in many parts for a common, pafture, or meadow. Ruft. Diet, in voc.

JUNAMES, in hufbandiy, denotes land fown with the fame

grain, as it had been the preceding year. JUPITER' s- beard, the Englifh name of a diflinct genus of plants, called by Tournefort Barba fovis. See the article Barea Jovis, Suppl. IVY (Suppl.) — Ground-U'Y, Hedera terreflria, the name of a genus of plants, the characters of which are thefe ; the cup is a one-leaved perianthium, tubulated, cylindric, ftriated, very fmall, and permanent; with its mouth divided into five acu- minated, unequal fegments. The flower is monopetalous, and ringent ; the tube is {lender and comprefted, the upper lip being erect, obtufe, and femibifid ; the under one patent, large, obtufe, and trifid. The {lamina are four, ftanding under the upper lip of the flower ; each of the two pair of anthers is arranged in the form of a crofs. The germ en of the piftil isquadrifid ; the ftyle is filiform, and inciinated ; the ftigma bifid and acute. There is no pericarpium bc-fide the cup; the feeds, which are ovated, and four in number, being contained in it, Lbouei Gen Plant, p. 269. firginian-lvy, a name ufed by fome writers tor the Msnifper- mum, a diflinct genus of plants. See the article Menisper- mum, Append.