Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 2.djvu/875

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.,, .-Ac-bottom of the well, there mould be a fpace of about two feet deep left to receive any moitture which may drain from -the Ice i and a fmall drain under ground ihould be laid from this, to carry off .the wet. Over this rfpace of two feet "Ihould be placed a ftrong grate of wood ; and the fides of the well ihould be built oi' brick, at leaft two bricks thick ; for the thicker it is, the kfs : danger there will be of the well tefcig: affected by any- external caufe.

When the well, is brought up within .three feet of the fur-, face, there mud be another outer arch or wall begun, which muft be carried up to the height of the intended arch' of the Well ; and if there is another arch turned over 'from this wall, it will add to the goodnefs of the houfe. The roof muft be high enough above the inner arch, to admit of a door- way to, get out the Ice. If -the building is to be covered with flates, or tiles, reads fhould be placed confiderably thick under them, to keep out the fun and external air ; the thicknefs of fix or eight jnches, with a plafttringof hair and lime, will be fuffi- cient to prevent all danger.

The external wall needs not be builtcircular, but of what fi- gure the proprietor pleafes. Sometimes the Ice-houfe is fo contrived as to have an handfome alcove feat in its front. Two feet diameter* is fufficient for the aperture of the mouth of the well ; which fhould havea ftone, fo contrived, as to flop it up in the exafteft manner; and all the vacant fpace. between this aperture and the outer door, fhould be filled up with barley-ftraw ; 'and this bft is to be always fhut, before the inner door is opened. The building thus finifhed, fhould have time to dry, before the.Ice is .put into it. If a layer of reads be placed fmooth over the grate at the bot- tom of the well, on which to by the /«, it will do better than ftraw, which is commonly ufed ; and as to the choice of the he, the thinner it is, the eafier it may be broken to pow- der : for the fmaller it is broken, the better it will unite, when put into the well. In putting it in, care muft betaken to ram it as olofe as potfible ; as alio to allow a vacancy of about two inches all round next the fide of the well, to give pafTage to any moifture occaiioried by the melting of feme of the Ice.

When the lee is put into the well, if a little falt-petre be mixed with it at every ten inches,, or foot thicknefs, it will caufe the Ice to join more clofely into a folid mafs. Mil- ler's Gard. Diet.

JEAN-Capelle, in ichthyology, a name given by Ru- yfch, and fome others, to the fifh called by authors, the Faber Indicus, or Indian Doree ; and more .expreffively named by Artedi, the Zeus with a forked tail. See the ar- ticle Zeus, Suppl.

JEMBUT, in the materia medica, a name ufed by Avifenna and others, to exprefs the feeds in the pods of the carob tree, or filiqua dulcis ; which they call Charub or Charnub; and the Greeks Ceratium. Thefe feeds contained in the pods of this tree, when carefully dryed, ferved the antient ph'yficians as weights ; and hence is derived the Greek word Cera'tion for a weight which exprefles one of thefe feeds. The Arabian writers mention two kinds of this tree Charnub : The one they call Alfcemi, and the other Alnabati. Thefe are tranflated Syriaca and Nabatbaea filiqua. Piiny, Columella, and all the other an- tients who have written on thefe fubje&s, mention the Syrian filiqua, or Charnub. This is called Scemi or Xami ; and they have alfo mentioned the filiqua Grseca, which is the com- mon filiqua. The diftindion Avifenna makes between the Syrian and Nabathsean filiqua or Charnub is, that the firft was a purgative, and gave relief in colics, and other pains in the bowels ; and that the other was an aftringent, and was very fuccefsful in the cure of fluxes of blood, particularly in profluvia of the menfes ; and that it was for this purpofe both eaten and put up as a penary.

JERGUER, in theCuftom-hoiife, an officer who overfees the actions and accounts of the waiters. Diet. Ruft. in voc.

JERSEY, among wool-combers, denotes the fineft wool taken out of other forts, by dreffing it with a Jerfey-comb. Diet. Ruft, in voc.

JERXJSALEM-cowflip, a name by which fome call the Pulmo- naria of botanifts. See the article Pcjlmon aria, Suppl.

Jerusalem-/^, a name fometimes given to two diftin£t ge- nufes of plants, the Pulmonaria and Phlomis. See the articles Phlomis and Pulmonaria, Suppl.

JESSES denote the ribbons hanging down from garlands and crowns ; alfo the fhort ftraps of leather fattened to a hawk's legs, and fo to the vervels. Diet. Ruft. in voc.

JESSAMIN, or JESSAMY, in botany, the fame with Jaf- mine. See Jasmine, Suppl.

JESUITS Bark, the name of a medicinal drug, otherwife called cortex peruvianus, and quinquina, or qainaquina. See the articles Quinquina, Cycl. and Peruvian, Cycl. and Suppl.

Falfe Je suit's- Bark, a name fometimes given to the Balfa- mita of botanifts. See the article Balsamita, Append.

JETAIBA, in botany, a name ufed by fome authors for the tree which affords the Gum Anime of the fhops. Pijb, p. 60.

JEWS Mallow, a name by which the cprthorus, a diftinc~f. ge- nus of plants, is fometimes called. See the article Corcho-

K.US,

INS

INCENDIARY, Incendiarius, is applied to One who is 'guilty of malicioufly fetting fire to another's houfe. This offence is called Arfan in our law. ..

Among the antients, criminals of this kind were to be burnt.
 * §{u% ttdes, acervumque fiumenti juxta domum pofitum fciens,

prudenfque dob mala -combuff&rit, vintfus, igni necatur. Pi- tij'c. -Lex Ant. in voc. '

INCINERATED gaits, in Chemiftry, the fame with Hxivial falts. See Incineration and Lixivious, Cycl. and Salts, Suppl.

INDEX of Relation, in Algebra, the fame as Scale of Relation. See Scale of Relation and Series, Append.

INDIAN-arrow-roof; in botany, a name fometimes given -to the Maranta of botanifts. See the article Maranta, Ap,

Indian-/%, the name by 'which fome call the Opuntia of bo- - tanifts. See the article Opuntia, Suppl. '

Indian god-tree, the name given by fome to a fpeeies of fig- tree. See the article Ficus, Suppl.

Indian-tW, a name given to the Cannacorus of botanical writers. See the artic-le-CAKN acorus, Suppl.

INFARCTION of the Liver. See Hepatis infarclus, Sup.

INFLAMMATION of the Eyes, the fame with what phyficians call Ophthalmia. Seethe article Ophthalmia, Cycl.

INFLAMMATORY Difeafes. To thefe are to be referred coughs, pleurifies, penpneumonies, acute rheumatifms, In- flammations of the brain, bowels, and other parts, attended with a fever ; alfo lefTer Inflammations without a fever, and fevers of an inflammatory kind, where no part is fo peculiarly affe&ed as to give name to the difeafe. And, laftly, all chro- nic diforders arifmg from Inflammations, whereof the chief are old coughs, conlumptions, and the rheumatifm without' a fever.

All thefe difeafes are the confequences of catching colds, and are prevented by the fame means as colds. See the article Cold, Append.

Bleeding is the moft ' indifpenfible remedy in the cure of all inflammatory difeafes, and therefore to the. delaying this, tt>o long, or not repeating it, it is owing, that .colds end in dan- gerous fevers, rheumatifms, or confumptions. See the article Bleeding, Append.

In all inflammatory diforders, the principal intention of cure is to diminifh the force of the blood, to thin it, and to relax the fibres j on which account, bleeding, attenuants, and.dia- phoretics, are the chief remedies. An early fweat tends, alfo to prevent an inflammatory fever ; for which purpofe, the di- aphoretic draught of the Edinburgh difpenfatory is recom- mended ; or, inftead of it, a fpoonful of the plain Spiritus Mindereri may be given every two hours, till a fweat breatcs out ; or two fcruples of the fait of hartfhorn, faturated with about three fpoonfuls of common vinegar, may be given In one draught at bed-time. Pringle, Obferv. on the the Dif- eafes of the army, p. 73, 7.7, 127, feq.

Inflammatory fevers. Thefe may be diftinguimed .into two ft ages ; the firft whilftthc pulfe continues hard, in which it is proper to bleed ; and the fecond, when, the infla mmatory fymptoms ftill remaining, the pulfe is too low for that evacu- ation. In this laft ftate, blifters are the chief remedy, and ' which, except in a few fingular cafes, are not to be ufed fooner. If the blifters are large, it is better to apply them gradually, than many at a time, It is ufual to begin with the back, and, if necefiary, to apply them next to the legs or thighs, referving the arms lair, that the patient may be fo much the longer conveniently moved. In great lownefs, at- tended with a delirium, finapifms applied to the foles of the feet, have frequently more efficacy than blifters, in railing the pulfe, and relieving the head.

If the body has been coftive before the difeafe, it is proper to open it by a laxative, after bleeding ; and after recovery, fome lenient phyfic is generally requifite, for preventing a too hafty repletion incident to convalefcents, upon indulging their ap- petites. Pringle, Obferv. on the Dif. of the army, p. 134. There is no caution more necefiary to a young phyfician, than to abftain from all opiates throughout thefe fevers, how* ever much the patient may complain of pain or watchful- nefs. Indeed, if the fever be accompanied with a diar- rhoea, which is not critical, the loofenefs is to be gradually checked by diafcordium, after giving rhubarb, and endea 1 - vouring to turn the humours to the fkin by the ufe of diapho- retics, (omitting the nitre) with the ufe of the white decoction for common drink. Id. ibid. 136.

INK-fiJh, the fame with the Sepia, or cutrle-fifh. This ani- mal, when it is in danger of being taken, emits a black liquor like ink, out of its mouth in confiderable quantities, whereby the water being obfeured, it finds an opportunity of efcapingj and from this property it has got the name of the Ink-fijh. See the article Sepia,- Append. INSECTS. (Suppl — Dr. Hill, inhishiftory of animals, has eftabliflied a new fyftem of Infecls; which is this : He firft fubdivides them into three general feries, each whereof comprehends under it feveral claffes, and thofe again many di- itinci genera.

The firft feries of Infecls is called Apteria ; becaufe under it are comprehended all Infecls of what kind foever, having neither wings nor limbs.

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