Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 2.djvu/872

 H O S

H O S

HOLLO "W-root, in botany, a name fometimes given to the fumaria, or fumitory. See the article Fumaria, Suppl.

HOLLY ( Suppl. )^ The timber of bally is the whiteft of all hard wood, and therefore ufed by the inlayers. See the article Marquetry, Cyd.

It is alio fit for all fturdy ufes, and therefore preferred to all others by the mill-wright, turner, and engraver. It makes the beft handles and ftocks for tools, flails, cart-whips, bowls, fhi- vers, and pins for blocks ; and is excelnt for door-bars, &c.

Knee-Hoi.i.Y, a name fometimes given to the Rufcus, or butch- ers broom. See the article Ruse us, Suppl,

Sea-HoLLY, the name by which fome call the tryngium of bo- tanical writers. See the article Eryngium, Suppl.

HOLY -thijlle, or Blessed 'Thiflle, a name fometimes given to the Cnicus,, or faffron-flower of botanifts. See the article Cnicus, Suppl.

HohY-Rofe, or Rock-Rofe, names given to a diftinft genus of plants, called by botanifts Cifius. See the article Cistus, Suppl.

HOMO, Man y in zoology. See the articles Man, Append, and Anthropomorpha, Suppl.

HONE-awf, Slum, in botany, the name of a diftin<5t genus of plants. See the article Sium, Suppl.

HONESTY, in botany, a name fometimes ufed for the Luna- ria, or moon-wort. See the article Lunari a, Suppl.

HONHY -flower, a name by which the Melianthm, a diftin£t genus of plants, is called in Englifh. See the article Meli-

ANTHUS, Suppl.

Hon ey -fucl'h; Jrrencb HoNEY-fud-le, a name fometimes ufed for the Hcdyfarum of botanical writers. See the article Ke- dysarum, Suppl. Trumpet Honey -juckle, the name by which fome call theP^W- dymenum of Toumefort. See the article Periclymenum, Suppl. Upright Honey -fuckle, the name of a genus of plants, called

by Linnaeus Lonicera. See the article Lonicera, Suppl. HOOD, (Cyd.) — ■ Huod, on (hip-board, is a copper-frame, made to goon the top of the chimney, and to fhiftasthe wind does, that the fmoke may always fly to leeward. Blanckly, Nov. Expofitor, p. 78. HOOK-land, or Ope- W, among farmers, land ploughed and

fowed every year. DicT:. Ruft. in voc. HOOPOE, in ornithology, the Englifh name of the Upupa,

See the article Upup a, Suppl. HOP-bornbeam, a name fometimes given to the Carpinus cf bo- tanifts. Seethe article Carpinus, Suppl. Wdd-Hov, a name fometimes given to the Dodonesa, a diftinct

genus of plants. See the article Dodonjea, Suppl. HOREHOUND. (Suppl,)— Black axjlinking Horehound, in botany, the Englifh name of a genus of plants, called by botanical writers Ballots. Seethe article Ballote, Suppl. Bafe-HoREHQUND, a name by which fome call the Stachys of

botanifts. See the article Stachys, Suppl. Ba/2ard-HcrB.EHOUNH, the Englifh name of a genus of plants, called by botanifts Marrubiaflrum. See the article Marru- biastrum, Suppl. tFater-HoREHQutiD, the Englifh name of a diftincT: genus of plants, called by botanifts Lycopus. See the article Lyco- pus, Suppl. HORNS-aw/ Hedge-hog, the name of a genus of plants, called

by botanifts Medica. See the article Medica, Suppl. HORNBEAM, in botany, the Englifh name of a genus of plants, called by botanifts Carpinus. See the article Carpi- nus, Suppl. HORNED-Pc^;', in botany. See the article Poppy, App. HORSE (Suppl.) — HoRsE-dung is ufed by gardeners for mak- ing hot-beds, being eftccmed fitter than any other for this pur- pofe ; but it is to be obferved, that it is fo much the better, the higher the Horfe is fed. Ruft. Did. in voc. Horse-C befnut, a name given by fome to the Hippocajlanum of

botanical writers. See the article Hippocastanum, Suppl. Scarlet HoRsE-Cbefuut, the Englifh name of a diftincT: genus of plants, called by botanifts Pavia. See the article Pavia, Suppl. HoRSE-heal, a name fometimes ufed for Elecampane, or Hde-

nium. See the article Helenium, Suppl. HoRSE-hoeing, in Hujbandry, SeethearticleHusBANDRY Suppl. HoRSE-Jldint, the Englifh name given to a fpecies of Mint.

See the articles Mint and Mentha, Suppl. HoRsE-Radi/h, the name of a diftincT: genus of plants, called by botanifts Cocblearia, or Scurvy- grafs. See the article CoCHLEARIA, Suppl. HoRSE-Jhoe-vetcb, the Englifh name of a diftincT: genus of plants, called by botanifts Hippocrepis, or Ferrum equinum. See the article Ferrum equinum, Suppl. HOSE-in-Hofc, a name given to a genus of plants, called by

botanifts Primula verts. See the article Primula, Suppl, HOSPI rAL(Cycl.) — Camp Hojp'itals are either general or regi- mental.

The general hofpitals are of two kinds, viz. the flying hofpi- tal, attending the camp at fome convenient diftance, and the ftationary hofpital, which is fixed to one place. In the choice of both, it will be better to have them in towns than villages, as the former will afford larger wards, befides more of other j conveniences : Thefe wards fhould be as airy as poflible.

As to the drfpofmon of bojpitah, in regard to piefervuig the purity of the air, the beft rule is to admit but few patients into each ward. It will alfo be found a good expedient, when the ceilings are low, to remove fome part of them, and to open the garret ftory. The doors and windows may .likewise be opened, and ventilators ufed to purify the air of every ward. In winter hofpitals, the wards are to be warmed with chimneys, and never by ftoves j for, though the latter may warm a large ward better, and at a lefs expence, yet by fcaree making any draught of air, they will be apt to increafe, its. putrid quality ; whereas a fire, kept up in a chimney, acts like a conftant ventilator.

The general hofpiial fhould receive only fuch fick as the regi- mental ones cannot conveniently contain, together with thole who cannot be moved with the army. Without this difper- fion of the fick, the general hofpital, in bad feafons, would have a greater number, than could be well attended ; and what is equally, if not more pernicious, it would be too much crouded, by which means the contagion would fpread, and the mortality be rendered more general.

Regimental hofpitals are of the greatelt importance, and there- fore fhould be fupplied with blankets and medicines from the public ftures, with an allowance alfo for nurfes and other ne- ceflaries. Nor are they to be maintained in the field only, but alfo in winter-quarters, as there will always be a great many more fick, than can be taken care of in the general hofpital.

Barns, ftables, grannaries, and other out-houfes, but above all, churches, make the beft hofpitals, from the beginning of June to October : for as the gieateft danger arifes from foul air, which cannot be compeniated by diet or medicine, we may lay it down as a rule, that the more airy and large the hofpitals are, the lefs danger there is of the ficknefs fpreadjng. Pringle Obferv. on the Difeafes of the Army, p. 104, feqq. HosPiTALjfow, a name given to the malignant catarrhal fe- ver, as being frequent in hofpitals. See the article Fever, Suppl.

Dr. Pringle has given us an elaborate account of the rife, fymptoms, and cure of this terrible difeafe, in his obfervations on the difeafes of the army. It may be owing to a great many concurring caufes, but the principal are foul and putrid air, occafioned by filth and impurity of any kind. Hence it is no wonder that it prevails in marihy countries' after hot feafons, and in populous cities ; efpecially if low, and ill-aired, un- provided with common fhores, or where the ftreets are nar- row and foul, the houfes dirty, water fcaree, and where jails or hofpitals are crouded, and not ventilated and kept clean ; when in fickly times the burials are within the towns, and the bodies not laid deep ; when flaughter-houfes are alfo within the walls ; or when dead animals or offals are left to rot in the kennels, or on dunghils ; when drains are not provided, to carry oft" any large body of ftagnating or corrupted water, in the neighbourhood ; when fleih-meats make the greateft part of the diet, without a proper mixture of bread, greens, wine, or other fermented liquors ; from the ufe of old and mufty grain, or what has been damaged by a wet feafon ; or, laftly, when the fibres are relaxed by immoderate warm bathing.

When the difeafe comes on flowly, the fymptoms are fmall interchanges of heats and cold, trembling of the hands, in;er- rupted deep, &c. But when it advances faft, the above fymp- toms are all in a higher degree ; and befides thefe, the patient is afflicted with great laflitude, a naufea, pains in the back,"a conftant pain and confufion in the head, a dejection, of f pints, and an uncommon tremor of the hands. If the fick lie warm, and have had no preceding flux, the body is generally coiiive j but when they lie cold, as they often do in field- hofpitals, the pores of the fkin being (hut, a diarrhoea is a common fyrnp- tom : in the worft cafes, a flux appears in the laff. ftage ; when the ftools are involuntary, colliquative, ichorous, or bloody, and of a cadaverous fmell ; which are the effeds of a morti- fication of the bowels, and the figns of approaching death : fome are never delirious, but all are under a great ftupor or confufion. The petechia: are the frequent, but not infepa- rable attendants of the fever ; they are fometimes of a brighter or paler red, at other times of a livid colour, but are never raifed above the fkin. For the moft part, thefe fpots are fo little confpicuous, that unlcfs looked for attentively, they may efcape notice. They are thickeft on the breaft and back, lefs on the legs and arms, and the Dr. never remembers to have feen any upon the face. This fever, tho' of the continued kind, has often exacerbations at night, with remiffions, and partial fweats next day ; and, after a long continuance, is apt to change into a hectic, a remitting, or intermitting form. Prognojlics in it. To have a little dilirium, the ftrength little impaired, turbid urine in the decline of the difeafe, and at the fame time a gentle fweat or moifture diffufed over the body, are reckoned good figns ; and it feems peculiar to malignant fevers, that deafnefs is rather a good fign. Method of cure. This varies according to the ftate of the dif- eafe, which may be diftinguilhcd into three periods ; the firft continuing as long as the perfon is able to go about ; the fe- cond beginning with his confinement, and the third when the pulfe finks, and a ftupor comes on. 4 In