Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 2.djvu/836

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CUR

CRIMSON £M/J-wfc£ 9 a name given to the niffoUa, a genus of

plants. See the article Nissolia, Suppl. CRINUM, in the Linnrean fyftem of botany, the name of a genus of plants, the characters of which are thefe : the cup is a fpathiform general invohicrum, compofed of two oblong leaves, which bend downwards, and expofe to fighta kind of little umbel; the flower confifts of a Tingle petal, which is infundibuliform ; the tube is oblong, cylindric, and bent; the limb is divided into fix Janceolato-Iinear, obtufe, concave, reflex fegments, three of which, alternately, are diftinguifh- ed by an uncinated appendage; the ftamina are fix fubulated filaments anting from the bafe of the limb, they are of the length of the limb, and connivent ; the antherse are oblong, linear, incumbent, and afiurgent; the germ en of the piftil is placed in the bottom of the flower ; the ftyle is fubulated and fhorter than Ehs ftamina; the ftigma is trifid and very fmall ; the fruit is a capfule of a fuboval figure, with three cells ; the feeds are numerous.

This genus, of which we know only one fpecies, is com- monly, though improperly, reckoned a fpecies of lilly-afpho- del. Lmnici Gen. Plant, p. 140. CROCEUS, in natural hifrory, is faid to be an amphibious animal which is neither fiih nor bird, but both. All the himmer it is a bird, of afofFron colour, and flics through the mountains ; hut towards the end of autumn it returns to the fea and becomes a fiih. It is only in the winter that they catch it, when it proves a very favourybit. Hofftn. Lex. Univ. in voc. CROCODILIUM, in botany, a diftinct genus of plants, ac- cording to Vaillant ; but comprehended by Linnzeus under the centauria. See the article Centauria, Append. CROCOD1 LODES, in botany, the name ufed by Vaillant for a genus of plants, called by others atraStylts. See the article Atractvlis, Append. CROSS (Cycl.) — The adoration of the crofs appears to have been praclifed in the antient church, in as much as the hea- thens, particularly Julian, reproach the primitive chriftians with it a. And we do not find that their apologifts difel aimed the charge.. Mornay, indeed, aflerted that this had been done by St. Cyril, but could not fupport his allegation at the conference of Fontainbleau'. St. Helena is faid to have reduced the adoration of the crofs to its juft principle, fince fhe adored in the wood, not the wood itfelf, which had been direct ido- latry and heathenifm, but him who had been nailed to this wood h. With fuch modifications fome proteftants have been induced to admit the adoration of the crofs : John Hufs allow- ed of the phrafe, provided it were exprefly added, that the adoration was relative to the perfon of Chrift. But however Roman catholics may feem to triumph by virtue of Inch diftin- ct ions and mitigations, it is well known they have no great place in their own practice : Imbert c, the good prior of Gaf- cony, was feverely profecuted in 1683, for telling the people, that in the ceremony of adoring the crofs, practifed in that church on Good-friday, they were not to adore the wood, but Chrift who was crucified on it : the curate of the parifh told them the contrary ; it was the wood, the wood ! they were to adore. Imbert replied, it was Chrifl, not the wood : for which he was cited before the archbifhop of Bourdeaux, fuf- pended from his functions, and even threatened with chains and perpetual imprifonment. It little availed him to cite the bifhop of Meaux's dUHncrion ; it was anfwered, that the church allowed it not. [ J Nouv. Rep. Lett. torn. x. p. 508. b DuPin, Bibl.Ecclef. torn. xvii. p. 34, feq. Id. Bibl. Ant.

Separ. torn. ii. p. 310. Tillem. Mem. Ecclef. torn. vii. Nouv. Rep. Lett. torn. xxi. p. 344. Jour, des Sea/, torn. Iix. p. 104.

c lVah, Expof. of the Doit, of the Ch. of Eng. ( Pref. p. xx r feq. ejufdem. Def. of Expof. p. izi, feq. Bibl. Univ. torn. xi.

p. 459- Nouv. Rep. Let. torn, i v. p. 691.] Ckoss-wort, in botany, the Englifh name of a genus of plants

called by authors cruciata. See the article Cruciata,

Suppl y

Gross of Jerufcdt-m, a name fomctimes given to the lychnis of

authors. Seethe article Lychnis, Snppl. CROW (Suppl) — Scare-CsiQW, the Englifh name of a bird

of the larus kind. See the articles Larus, Suppl, and Scare-

crew, Append. Crow -flowers, in botany, a 1 name fometimes give to a genus

of plants, called by authors lychnis. See the article Lych-

'ms, Suppl. ChJow -garlick, a name given by fome writers to a fpecies of

onion. See the article Onion, Suppl. CROWN -imperial- jhdl, the name of a fpecies of valuta. See

fhe article Voluta, Suppl, CRYSTALLIZATION of fain. See the articles Salt and

Vegetation of falls, Suppl. CTENITA, or Ctenoides, names fometimes given to thofe

fcftens, which have one of their {hells very convex. See the

article Pecten, Suppl. CU. ICLE, a name fometimes ufed for a bed-chamber. See the

article Chamber, Cycl. and Suppl. CUCKOW '-flower, m botany, a name ufed by fome writers for

the cardamine, or Iady's-fmock. See the article Card amine,

Suppl. Cuckow flit-inf'ff, the Englifli name of a fpecies of cicada.

See the articles Cicada and Harvest-^, Suppl.

CUCKSOO, the name of a common difh among the Moors of Africa, made of flower, and prepared for feveral ways of drefling afterwards. They take fine wheat flower, or, when that is fcarce, barley, millet, or Indian corn flower is made to ferve : they firft fprmkle fome water over the bottom of an unglazed earthen pan, and then fhalce fome of this flower in- to it ; they knead thefe together with their hands, and roll it backwards and forwards under their open palms; by this means they work it into grains like fego, and then it is fit for ufe: when they have meat to flew, they do this in an earthen pot, and over the mouth of this they place a colan- der, in which is put a quantity of this granulated parte ; over this colander is fixed on a top or cover for the pot, and by this means as the meat flews, all the vapour that afcends from it is received into the grains of cuckfoo ; by that time the meat is done enough, the cuckfoo is fo too; and opening the pot, they firft take out this, which is foft, i welled, and ten- der, and piling it up in a difh, they make a hollow in the top of the heap, in which they lay the meat, and then add their fpices, which are better than thofe of many neighbour- ing nations ; the poorcft ufing pepper, ginger, and faffron, the richer a great variety. The dim is fet upon a mat on the ground, and four people conveniently may eat at it, fome- times fix do.

CUCULLA, a cowl. See the articles Abbot and Cowl, Cycl.

CUCULARIA, in botany, a term by which Juflieu calls the fumitory. See the article Fumaria, Suppl.

CUCUMBER, in botany Seethe article Cucumis, Suppl.

/i^'/i/ Cucumber, a name fometimes ufed for the elaterium or s momordica of authors. See the article Momordica, Suppl.

CULEX, in zoology, the name of a genus of two-winged flies, comprehending the gnats and humble-bee-flies. See the ar- ticles Gnat and Humble-^W-^, Suppl. The diftinguiihing character iftic of this genus is, that their head is furnifhed with a fiphon, or fucker, very (lender, ob- long, and filiform. Hill, Hift:. Anim. p. 35.

CULLION, in botany, a name ufed by fome for a genus of plants called by authors orchis. See the article Orchis. Suppl.

CUMIN, or Cummin, (Cycl.) in botany, the name of a genus of plants, the characters of which are thefe : the gene- ral umbel, as well as the partial ones, are frequently quadri- partite ; the general involucrum is compofed of four leaves, longer than the umbel, they are fometimes entire, fometimes trifid ; the partial involucrum is fimilar ; the proper perian- thiumjs very fmall ; the general corolla is uniform ; the fmgle flowers confift each of five inflexo-emarginated and fomewhat unequal petals ; the ftamina are five iimple filaments ; the anthers are fimple ; the germen is oval, larger than the flower, and Hands under its cup ; the ftyles are two, and very fmall ; theftigmata are fimple; the fruit is naked, of an oval figure, and flriated ; the feeds are two, of an oval figure, convex, and flriated on one fide, fmooth and plain on the other. Of this genus there is only one known fpecies, which is the common cummin. See Ltnneei Gen. Plant, p. 115.

Meadow Cummin, a name fometimes given to a fpecies of ca- rui. See the article Carui, Suppl.

CUNEI, in natural hifrory, a name given to thofe rWAW, which have one fide of their fhell much more extended in length than the other. See the article Mytulus, Suppl.

CUNICULUS, in zoology, the name of a genus of animals of the lepus, or hare kind, called in Englifh rabbits. See the articles Rabbit and Lepus, Suppl.

Cuniculus Sibericus, the name of the long-tailed Siberian rabbit, the fur of which is much valued. During the fummer months many of them are beautifully variegated with oblique and traniverfe breaks of black and grey. Hill, Hift. Anim.

P- 525-

Cuniculus Brafdienfis, the name of a fpecies of rabbit called by zoologifts aperca. See the article Aperea, Suppl.

CUNILA, in the Linnsean fyftem of botany, the name of a diftinct genus of plants called by Tournefort marrubiaflrum. See the article MaRRUeiastrum, Suppl.

C\JP-Jh,-ll, or CHALicE-Jbell. See the article Shell, infra.

CUPRUM, copper, in natural hiftory. See the article Cop- per, Cycl. and Suppl.

CURATAS, a title given to the petty princes of Peru. See the article Cazic, Suppl.

CURATOR, among the Romans, an officer under the em- perors, who regulated the price of all kinds of merchandize and things to fell in the cities of the empire. They had likewife the fu peri men dence of the cuftoms and tri- butes; whence alfo they were called logtjia. Hoffm. Lex. in voc.

CURCULIO, in zoology, the name of a genus of beetles diftin- guifhed from the others by having their antennae affixed to an elongated horny fnout. See the article Scarabjeus, Suppl.

CURRENT (Cycl.) — The do&rine of currents, their caufes, &c. is ftill very imperfect : it were to be wifhed that it were otherwife, for the improvement of navigation and natural hi- ftory. See Marfigli, Hift. Phyf. de la Mer, p. 44 — 47.

CURRODREPANUS, in antiquity, a kind of chariot armed

with i'cytbes. The driver of thefe chariots was obliged to

2 ride