Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 2.djvu/834

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CONJURATION, conjuration (Cycl.) fignifies a plot or con- federacy, made by perfons combining together by oath or promife, to tlo fome public harm.

But it was more particularly ufed, formerly, for the having a perfonal conference with the devil, or fome evil Spirit, to know any fecret, or to effect any purpofe. Anno 5 Eliz. c. 16.

It is faid in fome of our law books, that the difference be- tween conjuration and tvitchcraft is, that the former endea- vours by prayers and invocation of God's powerful name, to compel the devil to fay or do what the offender com- mands him ; the latter deals rather by friendly and voluntary conference or agreement with the devil or familiar, to have the offender's defires ferved, in lieu of blood, or other gift offered to the devil, efpecially of the offender's foul. And both thefe differ from inchantmcni or forceries ; becaufe thole are perfonal conferences with the devil, and thefe are but medicines and ceremonious forms of words (commonly call- ed charms) without apparition. Cowel.

But all thefe nice diftindtions are now ufelefs, fince the fta- tute of his prefent majefty forbidding all profecutions for witchcraft, &c.

CONOCARPODENDRON, in botany, a name given by Boerhaave to a genus of plants, defcribed by Linnaeus under that of ' leucodendros, or the iilver pine-tree. See the article Pine- tree, Suppl.

CONOCARPUS, the button-tree, in the Linnaean fyftem of botany, the name of a genus of plants, the characters of which are thefe : the cup is a very frnall, erect perianthium, formed of one leaf, and divided, at the extremity, into five Tubulated fegments ; it is placed on the germen, and is per- manent ; there is no corolla ; the ftamina are five ; the ger- men is large, comprefled, obtufe, thickeft towards the point, and placed under the receptacle of the flower ; the ftyle is fimple ; there is no fruit, but the fee'd is naked and fmgle, and has on each fide a prominent, membranaceous margin ; a number of the germina are arranged together, in an im- bricated manner, and form a fliort and roundifh one ^thcy appear like fo many reflex fquamae.

This genus comprehends the rudbeckia of Houfton, and is called ainifruilu laurifolia arbor, by Sir Hans Sloane. Vide Linneei Gen. Plant, p. 75.

CONSOL1DA, in botany, a name given by fome authors to the plant more ufually called bugle. See Bugula, Suppl.

CONSOUND, a name given to feveral different plants : thus fympbytum is called the great confound, bugula the middle -confound, bellis the leaft confound, and folidago the faracens confound. See Symphytum, &c. Suppl.

CONSUMPTION (Suppl.) is frequently the confequence of a neglected cold. See Cold, Append.

Befidcs repeated fin all bleedings, which is the beft of all re- medies for diminiihing the hectic fits, the faline draughts and a cool diet are to be ufed. Colliquative fweats may be checked by drinking about a pint of lime-water, foftened with a little new milk.

In the advanced ftate of a confumpiion, we may diftinguifh two kinds of coughs, one caufed by the ulcers of the lungs, and the other by a thin rheum falling upon the fauces and trachea. For the firft of thefe, about ten drops of balfam of Peru or Copaiba may be given twice a day in a bolus of conferve of roles ; and for the latter, incraffants, as conferve of rofes and opium ; which lafl ought to be given with cau- tion, as being apt to heat the body.

CONVALnW/y, lilium convallium, or lilly of the valley. See the article Lilium convallium, Suppl.

CONVALLARIA, in botany, the name given by Linnaeus to a large genus of plants, comprehending the IHhtin convallium, pohgonatum, and umfolium of other botanical writers. See Lilium corroallium, &c. Suppl.

The characters of the cmvallaria,. according to Linnreus, are thefe : there is no calyx ; the flower confifts of a fmgle fmooth petal, of a campanulated form, divided at the extremity in- to fix fhort, obtufe, pa ten to-reflex fegments ; the ftamina are fix Tubulated filaments, inferted into the petal of the flower, and fhorter than it ; the anthers? are oblong and erect ; the germen of the pittil is globofe ; the ftyle is filiform and long- er than the ftamina ; the ftigma is obtufe and trigonal ; the fruit is a globofe berry, containing three cells, and is fpotted before it is ripe; the feeds are fingle and roundifh. In the lilium. convallium, the petal of the flower is globofe, csmpsnfehtfed and patent ; in the polygmatuw-, it is tubularo- cain'panuhttcd ; and in the umfolium, a third part of all the fructification is wanting,

■Some of the fpecies of Taurnefoxt'sfmifax are likewife in- cluded m this genus ; in which the petal of the flower is di- vided into fix very acute and patent fegments. Vide Linneei Gen. Plant, p. 146.

CONYZA is alio ufed, by C. Bauhine, for a different genus of plants from the flea-bant; and called erigeron by Liiinseus. See the article Er.iger.on, Append. CONYZOIDES, orCoNyzELLA, in botany, names by which Dillenius calls the erigeron, or fweet flea-bane of Linnaeus. See the article Ericeron, Append. COPAIBA, orCoPAYBA, in natural hiftory and pharmacy.

See the articles Copivi, Cycl. and Balsam of Copaiba, Suppl.

COPERAS, in natural hiftory, the fame with copperas. See the article Copperas, CycL and Suppl.

COPPER (Cycl. and Sup>pi.)—TVhite Copper, a kind of me- tal frequently brought from China, and fuppofed, by many, to be natural. But according to Mr. GeoftVoi, white copper is only a mixture of red copper with arfenic. See Hift. Acad. Sc'ienc. 1739. p. 24.

CORA AGE, coraagium, -in our old cuftoms, a kind of im- pofition extraordinary, growing upon fome unufual occafion ; and it feems to be .of certain meafures of corn : for carta trt- t'id is a meafure of wheat. Braclon, I. 2. c. 116. num. 6.

who in the fame chapter, num. 8. has thefe words,

Stint etiam qutsda?n communes preejlationes, qua fervitla non di- cuntur, nee de confuetudine veniunt, nifi cum neceffiias interve- nerit, vel cum rex venerit ; fia.it junt hidagia, coraagia, & car- vagi a, et alia plura de neceffttate et ex confenfit cotnmuni totius regni introduSta, Sec.

CORAL (Cycl. and Suppl.) — For the method of making arti- ficial coral to adorn grottos, fee Grotto, Append.

CoRAL-tree, or CoRAL-wood, in botany, the Englifh name of a plant, called by authors corallodcndron. See the article Co-

RALLODENDRON, Sllppl.

CORCHORUS, the name of a genus of plants, by miftakc printed corehorus. See the article Corehorus, Suppl,

CORIARIA, myrtle-fumach, in the Linnaean fyftem of botany, the name of a genus of plants, the characters of which are thefe : the cup is compofed of five very fhort leaves, which are concave and of a fome what oval figure; the flower con- fifts of five petals, and is very like the cup ; the ftamina are ten filaments of the length of the flower; the antherae are fimple ; the germina of the piftil are five in number, com- preffed, and adhering together by their inner fides ; there are likewife five fetaceous long ftyles ; the ftigmata are fimple ; there is no pericarpium ; the feeds, which are five in num- ber, and kidney-fliaped, being inclofed in the petals of the flower, which become carnous. Vid. Linrnsi Gen. Plant. p. 204.

CORK (Cycl.) — Cups made of cork, are faid by fome to be good for hectical perfons to drink out of. The Egyptians made cof- fins of cork ; which being lined with a refinous compofition, preferved dead bodies uncorrupted. The Spaniards line ftone- walls with it, which not only renders them very warm, but corrects the moifture of the air. The wood of the ccrk-txze is not only good firing, but applicable to feveral other ufes.

CoRK.-tree, the Engliih name of a genus of plants, called by authors fuber. See the article Sueer, Suppl.

CORMORANT, in ornithology, the Englifh name of a bird of the order of anferes, or goofe kind, called alfo pclicanus and corvus aquaticus. Seethe articles Pelican and Corvus aquaticus, Suppl.

CORN-bottle, or blue-bottle, a name given to the cyanus of au- thors. See the article Cyanus, Su;pl.

QoRK-flag, in botany, a name given to the gladiolus of authors. See the article Gladiolus, Suppl.

Corn -marygold, a name given to the chryfanthemum of authors. See the article Chrysanthemum, Suppl,

Corn -parfley, in botany, a name given to a fpecies of fium. See the article Sium, Append.

CoRN-fallet, in botany, a name given to the valerianella of au- thors. See the article Valerianella, Suppl.

Corn -violet, a name ufed by fome for the campanula of authors. See the article Campanula, Suppl.

CORNEL-ftw, in botany, the Englifh name of a genus, of plants, called by Latin writers cornus. See the article Cor- nus, Suppl.

CORNELIAN, farda, in the hiftory of gems. See the ar- ticles Cornelian, Cycl. and Sarda, Suppl.

CoRNELiAN-c/jwry, a name ufed by fome for a fpecies of the cornus, or cornel-tree. See the article Cornus, Suppl.

CORNER-yiWj, among builders, the name of the two ftones which ftand one in each jaumb of a chimney. Their faces are hollowed in breadth, being a certain fweep of a circle. The breadth of each flone is equal to that of tire jaumb, and their height reaches from the hearth to the mantle-tree Comer-fhnes are commonly made of Rigate or fire-ftone. Build. Diet, in voc.

CORSA, in architecture, the fame with plat-bana\ See the article Plat-band, Cycl.

CORTEX aurantiorum. The powder of cortices aurantiorum^ fometimes cures quartan agues. Commerc. Norimb. 1735. hebd. 11. §. 3.

COSTMARY, the Englifh name of a fpecies of tanzy, called by jome' writers balfamita. See the articleTANACETUM, £«#</.

COSTUME (Suppl.) — To obferve the coflume, among pain- ters, is to make every perfon and thing fuflain the proper character, by not only obferving the ftory, but the circum- ftances, the fcene of action, the country or place, habit, manners, &c. The word is Italian, fignifying cuftom.

COTESIAN theorem, in Geometry, an appellation ufed for an elegant property of the circle difcovcred by Mr. Cotes, The theorem is,

If