Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 2.djvu/833

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ihinate in it, but makes it include the fnify, fury, and melan- tcria, as well as the chakitis ; but diftinguiihing in another place the feveral kinds of zagi, he tells us, that one was the cbalcand, which was green ; a fecond the chakitis, which was yellow ; a third the fffy, which was red. Alzagiat is a name alfo ufed by him to exprefs all thefc kinds j and this word the interpreters generally render atramenta, inks. This is generally fuppofed to exprefs their being all black fub- frances, which is not the cafe ; but all that it does fignify is, that they are all vitriolic foflils : atramentum bcino- a name of vitriol, as a fubftance ufed in the making of ink. COLO (SuppL) — The difeafes arifing from cold, are all of the inflammatory kind, viz. coughs, pleurifies, peripneu- monics, rheumatic pains, and confumptions ; which, in the army, are almoft always owing to neglected coughs. All poflible means ought therefore to be ufed, in order to re- move thefe in the beginning j fov which purpofe, fmall and repeated bleedings are mofl efficacious, and likewife prove highly beneficial in coughs and the confirmed confumption, even after a purulent fpitting and hectic fymptoms have ap- peared. The quantity drawn may be from four to (even or eight ounces, once in eight or ten days. It is obfervable, that the patients never find themfelves fo much relieved on the firft, as on the fecond or third night after venefection. See Consumption, Append. Coh-a-fmch y in zoology, the name of a bird of the cenanthe kind, or nearly approaching to that genus, common about the Peak in Dcrbyfhire. It:; belly is white; its bread of a yel- lowifh brown, and its head and back of abrownifh or green- jfh grey ; the long feathers of its wings and tail are black, but with fome variegation: of white toward the end ; its beak is {lender, flrait, and fomewhat ridged or triangular ; it feeds on worms and other infects. Ray's Ornithology, p. 170. COLE-JJ/Ij, a name given to a fpecies of beardlefs gadus. See

the article Gadus, Suppl. Cott-warf, the Englifh name of a fpecies of cabbage. See the

articles Cabbage and Brassica, Suppl. Sea-CoLM-ivort, a name given to the convolvulus of authors.

See the article Convolvulus, Suppl. COLLAR, among builders, the fame with einEture. See Cinc- ture, Cycl. Coll AK-beam, among houfe-carpenters, the beam which is framed crofs betwixt two principal rafters. Build. Did. in vac. COLLIFLOWER, the name of a kind of cabbage. See the

articles Cabbage and Brassica, Suppl. COLOCASIA, in botany, a name ufed by fome for a fpecies

of arum. See the article Arum, Suppl. COLOQUINTIDA, a name often ufed for the colocynthh of bo- tanical writers. See the article Colocynthis, Suppl. COLT'S foot (Suppl.)— Alpine Colt's foot, a name ukd by fome

for the cacalia of authors. See the article Cacalia, Suppl. COLUBER, in zoology, the name of a very numerous genus of ferpents, the abdomen of which is covered with fcuta, and the under part of the fail with fquamx or fcales. Of this genus are the nafrix torquata, the viper, and a great manv other fpecies. See the articles Natrix, Viper, c5V. Suppl COLUMBINA marga, the name by which Pliny calls the

ftonv bluifh marie. See the article Marle, Suppl. COLUMBINE (Suppl.) — Feathered Columbine, a name ufed by fome for a plant known among authors by that of thal'iftrum. See the article Thalictrum, Suppl. COLL'MNAR-wflj-i/i', the fame with the baj'altcs, or lapis ly-

dius. See the article Basaltes, Cycl. and Suppl. COMB (Suppl.) — Ladics-CoMu, or Venus Comb, the name of a diftiniSt genus of plants, called by Touniefortya7w<'//.v. See the article Scandxx, Suppl; CoMB-fJh, peclcn, in ichthyology, a genus of fifhes fo called from the longitudinal ftrias refembling the teeth of a comb, with which its ftructure is covered. See Pecten, Suppl. COMBUSTIO petunia, the antient way of trying mixed and corrupt money, by melting it down, upon payments into the Exchequer. In the time of king Henry II. a conftitution was made called the trial by combujtion ; the practice of which differed little or nothing from the prefent method of afFaying filvcr. But whether this examination of money by combufiion was to reduce an equation of money only of fterling, viz. a due prcportion of alloy with copper, or to reduce it to pure fine filvcr, doth not appear. On making the conftitution of trial it was confidered, that tho' the money did anfwer Nu- mero et Pondere, it might be deficient in value; becaufe mix- ed with copper or brafs, &c. Vide Lownctis EiTay upon Coin, p, 5. COMET (Suppl.)— The comet which appeared in December 1743, and in January and February following was exceed- ing; bright and difiindt. The diameter of its nucleus beino- nearly equal to that of Jupiter. Its tail extended above 16 degrees from, its body.

From the obfervations of Mr. BHfs, and from fome taken at the obfervatory of the earl of Macclesfield, Mr. Berts has determined this comet's parabolic trajectory. He found the Append.

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place of Ae lending node to be ». r S *. 45'. 20* j the Io~ gan ,m of the perihelion difance 9.346472'; the logarithm of the diurnal motion 0.940420 ; the place of the perihelion ■a. 17 . 12. 55 ; the diftance of the perihelion from the node 151". 27 35"; the logarithm, fine, and cofine of the inclination of the orbit to the ecliptic 9.8651 28, 9.822616 • and thence the time the comet was in the vertex of the para- bo a, or the time of the perihelion was Febr. 19'. 8" 12' 1 he motion of the comet in its orbit was according to the order of the figns. °

From thefe elements, by the help of Dr. Halley's general table, he has given us the computation of the comet! places, for the times of observation, and the differences between the obferved and computed places, which feldom amount to above half a minute.

The nodes of this comet and of the planet Mercury, are with- in Ms than half a degree of each other, which perhaps gave rife to a report, that the comet had carried Mercury from its orbit But the comet was at that time diftant from Mercury nearly J. of the femi-d.ameter of the orbismagnus, and almoft twice as near to the fun ; hence it could have no fenfible in- fluence on the motions of that planet.

This comet is fuppofed at lead equal in magnitude to the earth. See Phil. Tranf. N°. 474. feet. 2. Comet of 1743. See obfervations of this comet made at Vi- enna by father Frank, a Jefuit, in Phil. Tranf. N°. 470. feet. I. ^'

The parabolic orbit of the comet of 1739, as obferved by oigmor Zanotti at Bologna, is defcribed in Phil. Tranf. N 461. kii. 15.

The path of the comet which appeared from the beginning of March to the beginning of April 1742, has been com- puted by Mr Hodgfon from the obfervations of the Jefuits of Pck.n in China. Vide Phil. Tranf. N". 481. n 264 COMFREY (Suppl.)-Spotted Comfrey, a + name P by which fome call the pulmoncria. See the article PulMonaria, Suppl. '

COMMENDATORY Allot. See Abbot in commends,,,,

COMPOSITION (-Qr/.J-COMPOSITIOM of ratios, in arith- metic and algebra, is performed by multiplying the quanti- ties or exponents of two or more ratios together ; the pro- duce is then faid to be compounded of the ratios whole com- ponents were multiplied. Thus if the quantities or exponents of the ratios a to b, c to d, e to/, be multiplied, we (hall have

"> x x y = ijf And the ratio ace to b d f, is then faid to be compounded of the feveral ratios a to b, c to d, e to /, &V- Thus alfo the ratio of 10 to 12, is compounded of the ratio of 2 to 5, and of 3 to 4 ; for | X | =: I?. This operation is by fome called addition of ratios.

CONCAMERATED, among builders, an appellation given to fuch roofs as are arched in the manner of vaults.

CONCHA anatifera, in the hiftory of fhell-fifh. See the ar- ticle Anatifera concha, Suppl.

Concha veneris, in natural hiftory, the name by which feveral fpecies of chama are called. See the article Chama, Suppl.

Conchje margaritiferx, a name fometimes ufed for thofe mytuli which produce pearls. See the article Mytulus. Suppl.

CONE (Cycl.)— Cone and ley. Braaon, lib. 2. c. 37. num. 3. fays, Feemina in tali xtate (i. e. 14 et 15 Annorum) po- tejl difponere dantui flits et habere Cone et Key. The words come from the Saxon colne, i. e. calculus, and key clctvis ; fo that a woman was then held to be of com- petent years when (he was able to keep the accounts and keys of the houfe : and Glan. lib. 7. cap. 9. has fomewhat to the fame purpofe.

Cone, in botany, an hard dry feed-veflel of a conical figure, confiding of feveral woody parts ; and is, for the moft part, fcaly, adhering clofely together, and feparating when ripe. Miller's Gardener's Diet, in voc.

CONGE (Cycl. and Suppl.) — The conge, originally, was a . ring or ferril, fixed on the extremities of wooden pillars, to keep them from fplitting ; this, afterwards, came to be imi- tated in ftone-woik. Build. Di£t. in voc.

CONGELATIONS. See Freezing, Suppl.

COWC-feilion (Cycl.) — The dofirine of the conic-feclions is of great ufe in phyfical and geometrical aftronomy, and the phyfico-mathematical fciences. This doflrine has been much cultivated by geometers antient and modern ; and we have many good treatifes on the fubjedt; but that publifhed by Mr, Simfon, profeflor of mathematics at Glafgow, deferves to be particularly mentioned not only for its elegance, but for I its geometrical accuracy, which as he juftly remarks in his preface, has not always been fo well obferved in treatifesof this kind, as it ought to be.

To the properties of the comc-feclims mentioned in the Cy- clopaedia, it may be proper to add the properties of their of-

' culatory circles or circles of curvature. See Curvature.

CONJUGATE (Cycl.)— Conjugate hyperbolas, in gsome- try. See Hyperbola, Append.

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