Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 2.djvu/828

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roundifh, or fubglobofe kind, called by Klein adores* See

the article Turban-^//, Sitppl.

2. The cordated kinds, called by Klein fpatangi and fpata- gfida. See the articles Spatangi and Spatagoides, 'huppl.

3. The flat kinds, called by Klein placenta. See the article Placenta, Suppl.

Klein, who has been at much pains to arrange thefe bodies, has divided them into a number of other genera ; but they may be all ranked under one or other of thefe divifions. But befide the known recent fpecies, we meet with feveral others, foflile, of a very lingular figure ; for which fee the articles Echinites and Echini f affiles, Suppl.

CEPA Afcahnica, the fame with cfchalot, vulgarly called pal- lot. See Onion, Suppl.

CEPHALANTHUS, in the Linnsean fyftcm of botany, the name of a genus of trees, the characters of which are thefe : the cup confifts of a common perianthium, which contains feveral flowers collected into a kind of head j and of a proper perianthium, which is erect, permanent, and divided into four fegments ; the flower confifts of a fmgle petal; the tube is flender ; the limb is divided into four parts, acute, re- flex, and of the length of the tube ; the ftamina are four filaments, inferted into the flower, and fhorter than its limbs ; the anthers are Ample ; the germen of the piftil is placed within the flower ; the ftyle and ftigma are both fimple ; the fruit is an oblong capfule, containing only one cell, fe- veral of thefe grow together, and form a roundifh head ; the feeds are numerous and oblong ; the flower has its limb fometimes divided into five fegments, inftead of four ; and then the proper perianthium has alfo five fegments, and there are five ftamina.

This genus comprehends the platanocephalus of Vaillant, and the vakrianoides of Petiver. Vid. Linnai Gen. Plant, p. 38.

CERAMBYX, a name given by fome authors to the capricorn- beetle. See Capricorn beetle, Snppl.

CERATONIA, in botany, the name under which Linnaeus defcribes theftliquaof Tournefort. See Siliqua, Suppl.

CERCARIA, in zoology, a clafs of animalcules lately efta- blifhed by Dr. Hill, and containing all thofe with vifible tails and no limbs. See the article Animalcule, Append.

CERCIS, in the LinnEean fyftem of botany, the name of a diftinct genus of plants, called by Tournefort filiquajirum. See the article Siliquastrum, Suppl.

CERNUA, in zoology, a name ufed by Gaza for the orpheus, a fpecies of fparui. See the article Orpheus, Suppl.

CESSAMPELUS, a name by which many call the hoary branched fpecies of convolvulus. See the article Convolvu- lus, Suppl.

CESTRUM, in the Linna?an fyftem of botany, the name of a genus of plants, called by other botanifts jafminoidis fpecies and hediunda.

The characters are thefe : the cup is a fmall, cylindric, obtufe, perianthium, formed of a fmgle leaf, which is di- vided into five fegments at the rim, erect, and obfcure ; the flower confifts of a fmgle infundibuliform petal ; the tube is cylindric, very long and flender, the opening being roundifh and the limb plicated, and formed into five equal oval feg- ments ; the ftamina are five thread-like filaments, adhering longitudinally to the tube, only fending out a little denticle

• in the middle, which ftands inward ; the anthers are roundifh, but fomewhat tetragonal, and ftand within the opening of the petal ; the germen of the piftil is of a cylindric, but fomewhat oval form, of the length of the cup; the ftyle is filiform, and of the length of the ftamina ; the ftigma is thick, obtufe, and flightly emarginated ; the fruit is an oval oblong berry, containing only one cell ; in which are nu- merous and roundifh feeds. Lxnnm Gen. Plant, p. 82.

CHACE (Cycl)-Wild goofe Chace, a term ufed to exprefs a fort of racing on horfeback, ufed formerly, which refembled the flying of wild geefe, thofe birds generally going a train one after another, not in confufed flocks as other fowls do. In this fort of race the two horfes after running twelve fcore yards had liberty, which horfe foever could get the lead- ing, to ride what ground the jockey pleafed, the hindmoft horfe being bound to follow him within a certain diftance agreed on by articles, or elfe to be whipped in by the tryers and judges who rode by; and which ever horfe could dif- tance the other, won the race. This fort of racing was not long in common ufe, for it was found inhuman and deftruc- tive to good horfes when two fuch horfes were matched to- gether. For in this cafe neither was able to diftance the other 'till they were both ready to fink under their riders, and often two very good horfes were both fpoiled, and the wagers forced to be drawn at laft. The mifenief of this fort of racing foon brought in the method now in ufe, of run- ning only a certain quantity of ground, and determining the plate or wager, by the coming in firft at the poft.

CH/ETIA, in zoology, the name of a genus of infects of the apteria kind, without any viiible limbs. See Insect, Ap- pend.

The chtztia refembles a hair, or a piece of fine thread ; its furiace is fmooth, its body rounded, and very flender in pro-

portion to its length. It is called in Englifh the hair-worm, or guinea-worm. Hilts Hift. of Anim. p. 14. See the ar- ticle Worm, Suppl.

CHAFFER, in zoology,, the Englifh name of a fpecies of beetle. See the article Scarabjeus, Suppl.

CHAFFINCH, in ornithology, a bird of the fringilla kind, with a ferrugineous breaft, and the wings black, fpotted with white. See the article Fringilla, Suppl.

CHALICE-^//, or Qup-Jhell. See Shell, infra.

CHALK ( Suppl.) —Silver Chalk, argentaria creia, the Eng- lifh name of a kind of earth, not chalk. See the article Ar- gentaria creta, Suppl,

CHAM^ECRISTA, in botany, the name given by Rivinus to the caffta of other botanifts. Sec the article Cassia, Suppl.

CHAMOMILE, in botany, a name given to the cbamtsmelum of authors. See the article Cham^emelum, Suppl.

CHAM.fl£MORUS, in botany, the name of a genus of plants the characters of which are thefe : the flower confifts of five leaves ; the fruit is compofed of many acini, in form of the mulberry.

There is only one fpecies of this plant known, which grows on the tops of the higheft hills in the north part of England, but cannot be cultivated in a garden by any art. Vid. Siller's Gard. Diet, in voc.

CHAMBER (Cycl.)— As to the proportions of chambers, their length fhould be to the breadth as U to 1, or fome fmall matter lefs, but ought never to exceed that proportion ; and as for the height, it fhould be three fourths of the breadth. The height of the chambers of the fecond ftory, fhould be a* twelfth part lefs than the height of thofe below : thus, if the height of the firft ftory be Sixteen feet, that of the fecond will be fourteen feet eight inches. As to the height of the third ftory, it fhould be only three fourths of the fecond. In building bed-chambers, regard fhould be had as well to the fituation of the bed, as to that of the chimney. For which reafon, the chimney ought not to be placed juft in the middle, but diftant from it about two feet, or two and an half in order to make room for the bed, which prevents this inequa- lity from being difcerned. Build. Diet, in voc.

CHAR, in ichthyology. See the article Charre, Suppl.

CHARVIL, or Chervil, in botany. See the article Cher- vil, Suppl.

CHEESE-raw^r, in botany, a name ufed by fame for the gal- lium of authors. See the article Gallium, Suppl.

CHEMICAL glajfes, how cemented, when cracked : fee the article Cement, Append.

CHERMES, in the hiftory of infects, a genus of the four- winged flies, the roftrum of which is fituate under the breaft and the lateral legs formed for leaping.

This genus comprehends the alder-bug, the fir-tree-bug, the grafs-bug, and elm-tree-bug ; together with thofe of the birch, maple, willow, afh, nettle, apple-tree, poplar bfc Hilts Hift. of Anim. p. 64. ^ P '

CHERRY-rw, in botany, the Englifh name of a diftinit genus of plants, called by authors cerafus. See the article Cerasus Suppl. *

Barbadoes-CaERRY, or couihedge-CnERRY, names given by fome to the malpighia of authors. See the article Malpi-

GHIA, Suppl.

.%-Cherry, 5/W-Cherry, Laurel-CuERRY, &c. names ufed by fome for a genus of plants, called by authors padus. See the article Padus, Append.

Comelian-CuERKY, a name given by fome to the cornus, or cornel-tree, of others. See the article Cornus, Suppl

mnter-CuERRY, a name ufed by fome for the alkekengi and folanum of others. See the articles Alkekengi and Sola- num, Suppl.

CHERVIL (Suppl.) - /^-Chervil, in botany, a name (riven to the ihyrrhs of authors. See the article Myrrhis Suppl. ' '

CHESNUT-ira, the Englifh name of a genus of plants, called by authors cajlanea. See the article Castanea Suppl. '

It is pity rfe/W-plantations are not more common. They quickly grow up, and are not only pleafmg to the eye, but their flowers prove no lefs agreeable to the fmell, and even the tafte will be gratified in time. Another confiderable ufe of thefe plantations, is to defend thofe of other trees from the injuries of cold and froft, which they do to admiration. Next to oak-timber, that of chefnuts is moft coveted by car- penters and joiners. It Iikewife makes the beft flakes, vine- props, and hop poles ; and is extremely proper for mill-tim- ber, and water-works, or wherever it may lie buried. C%W-timber is alfo proper for columns, tables, chefb, chairs, ftools, bedfteads, and wine-caiks; giving the liquor the leaft tinflure of any wood whatfoever, and is exceeding durable, if dipped in (balding oil, or well pitched. Build. J)ict ion. in voc.

.f*/i-CHEsNUT, in botany. See Hippocastanum, Suppl.

Scarlet-berfe-CHESNUT, a name given by fome to the pavia of authors. See the article Pavia, Suppl.

CHIAN marble. See the article Chium marmor, Suppl.

CHIARO_/t7(ro, amon£ painters. See Clair eh/cure, Cycl.

CHICHES,