Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 2.djvu/827

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CARDIA, a name given by Dr. Hill to the heart-fliells. See the article HEART-jbell, Hupp/.

CARDINAL'S flower, in botany, a name ufed by fome for the rapuntiumoi authors. See the article Rapuntium, Suppl.

CARIl^UEIBEIU, in zoology. See the article Jiya.

CARLUCK, a name ufed by fome for the raphaniflrum of au- thors. See the article Rhaphanistrum, Suppl.

CARNATION, in botany, a name given to feveral fpecies of the caryophyllus, or pink, fee the article Pink, Suppl.

Spanijb Carnation, a name given by fome writers to thepoin- ciana. See the article Poinciana, Suppl,

CAROB-rrfi-, the Engliih name of the jiliqua of Tournefort and the ceratania of Linnaeus. See the article Siliqua Suppl. *" '

CWy-CARROT, a name given by fome to the myrrhis. See the article Myrrhis, Suppl.

Deadly, or fesrehing Carrot, in botany, a name given to the thapfu of authors. See the article Thapsia, Suppl.

Mountain Carrot, a name fometimes given to a fpecies of fennel. See the article Foeniculum, Suppl.

CASSIA, in the Linnjean fyftem of botany is made to com- prehend both the caffta and fena of Tournefort. See the ar- ticles Cassia and Sena, Suppl.

CASSIDA, in zoology, the name given by Dr. Hill to a melius of beetles, called in Englifh the tortoife-beetles. Sec the ar- ticle SCARAB-ffiUS, Suppl.

Under this genus arc comprehended all the clypeated beetles, or thofe covered with a hard cruft, of which there are a great many fpecies.

CASSIDONY, in botany, a name given by fome to the Jloe- chas of authors. See the articles Stoechas, Append.

Mountain Cassidony, or Golden Cassidony, names ufed for the gnaphalium of authors. See the article Gnaphalium, Suppl.

CASSINE, the caffioberry-tree, in the Linnasan fyftem of bo- tany, the name of a genus of plants, the characters of which are thefe : the cup is a decompound umbel ; the perianthium is very fmall, thick at the bafe, divided into five parts, obtufe and permanent; the flower confifts of a Angle petal, divided into Avefuboval, obtufe, patent fegments, larger than the cup; the ftamina are Ave fubulated patent Alaments, fhorter than the flower ; the antherae are Ample ; the germen of the piftil is conic ; there is no ftyle ; the ftigmata are three, reflex and obtufe : the fruit is a roundifh berry, with three cells ; the feeds are Angle and oval.

The mauracenia is nearly allied to this genus, which Dillenius makes a fpecies of phyllena. Vide Linnai Gen. Plant, p. i 26.

CASSIOBERRY tree, in botany, the name of a genus of plants called by Linnaeus Caffme. See the article Cassinc, fupra.

CASSUMNIAR, in the materia medica, a root approaching to the nature of zeodary, though belonging to a different fpe- cies of plants.

We have it from the Eaft Indies ; its furface is fomewhat wrinkled, and is marked at certain diftances with circular rings, which furround it and rife prominent above the reft of the furface. It is of a very compact nature, hard and heavy ; not eafily cut through with a knife, or powdered in a mortar. When cut it fhews a very fmooth and fhining furface ; and when broken, is found to be much yellower within. It has a fragrant aromatic fmell, and is a very famous me- dicine in nervous cafes, being accounted an excellent cardiac and fudoriAc. It is alfo given as a ftomachic and carminative with fuccefs, and is moftly prefcribed in powder, bolufl'es, or infufions. Vide Hill, Hift. Mat. Med. p. 568.

CAT, the Engliih name of a well known domeftic quadruped, of the felis kind. See the article Felis, Suppl.

CAT-mint, in botany, the Englifh name of the cataria of au- thors.. See the article Cataria, Suppl.

CATARACT (Cyel. and Suppl.) _ Though it be, generally fpeaking, true, that the caufe of catarails is the opacity of the cryftalline humor, yet it is certain that a real membrane co- vering the pupil, has been fometimes, though rarely, found. See Mem. Acad. Scienc. 1708. and Dr. Mead's Monit. & Pracf. Medic, cap. xi.

CATERPlLLAR(Suppl.)—Connaugk Caterpillar, a kind of caterpillar found in Ireland. Seethe article Worm, Suppl.

CATER-pi-LLAR-p/ant, in botany, a name given to the fcorpi- cides of Tournefort. See the article Scorpioides, Suppl.

Caterpillar-tZw//, the Engliih name of a fpecies of turbo. See the article Turbo, Suppl.

CAUDA marina, in botany, the name ufed by Dodonseus for the myo/urtis of botanical writers. See the article Myosurus, Append.

Dead CAVES 5 „,. , T

Live Caves 5 a e E " w "' S "t$ L

CEDAR (Suppl.)— Bajlartl Cedar, a name given to the glia- zuma,oir theobroma, of authors. See the article TFEOBltdfc A, Suppl. ^

Bermudas Cedar, a name given to a fpecies of juniper. See the article Juniper, Suppl.

Cedar of Lyeia, or Phoenicia, names eiven to a fpecies of ju- niper. See the article Juniper, Suppl.

Virginia and Carolina Cedar, names given to a fpecies of juni- per. See the article Juniper, Suppl'

C E N

^felir^r to a fpe6ies of cypre6 - ?- ^

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CELANDINE^ ufpl.) Lf. r Celandine, in botany, the name of a genus of plants called by authors ranunculus See the article Ranunculus, Suppl.

CELASTRUS, in botany, the name of a genus of trees, called alio euonymoides, and m Englifh, the African fpindle-tree. The chafers are thefe : the cup is a very fmall plane peri- anth urn, formed of one leaf, divided into five unequal ob- tufe fegments : the flower confifts of five equal, oval, patent, Mile petals with the.r tops turned back ; the ftamina are Ave tubulated Alaments, of the length of the flowers; the an- thera are very (mall, the germen of the piftil is alfo very fmall and ,s immerfed in a large plane receptacle marked with ten ftnae ; the ftyle is fubulated and fhorter than the fta- mina ; the ftigma ,s obtufe and trifid ; the fruit is a coloured oval capfule, obtufely trigonal, gibbous, formed of "three valves, and containing three cells, in each of which are feme oval coloured feeds, fmooth and half covered by a calvptra, which ,s alfo coloured, and has an unequal rim divided in- to tour parts. Lmnaii Gen. Plant, p. 88. T't" 6 is a f P ecies with a triple ftiema, and no ftyle.

CELLS of plants Cello: plantarum," 'thofe partitions or hollow places in the hufks or pods of plants, in which the feeds are lodged. Miller, Gard. Dicr.

CENTAURIA, in the Linmean fyftem of botany, the name of a large genus of plants, comprehending the eeniaurium ma- jus, jacea, and cyanus of Tournefort and others ; the cakitrapd ealatrapetdes, rhapenticum, rbapenticoides, amber boi, and cro- coddunn of V aillant.

The charafleriftics of this genus are thefe : the cup is imbri- cated with fquama; ; the ftamina are file extremely fhort ca- pillary filaments; there is no ftigma, nor pericariium; the receptacle is fetofe.

As to the diftinflions of the above genera, as they are called, they are thefe : the cup of the calcitrapa is armed with finale fpmes, which are large and ereft ; and the feeds either nak°cd or coronated : the cup of the calcitrapoides has fmall cluftcred fpines : the cup of the rbaponticum is formed of lax undivided membranes : and in the rbapenticoides, of lanccolatcd and acu- minated fquamae : in the amberboi, the fquama: of the cup are obtufe and fimple; in the jacea the fquama; are ciliated ■ in the cyanus they are likewife ciliated, but fhorter j and, laftly, the fquama; in the crocodilium are aculeated, and the feed downy and plumofe. Vide Linnasi Gener. Plant p. 417

CENTAURIUM majus. This is made a diftinct genus of plants by Tournefort, but comprehended along with feveral others under that of centauria by Linnaeus. See the article Centauria, fupra.

CENTAURY, in botany. See the article Centaur*um; Suppl. '

CENTIPED worm, a term ufed for fuch worms as have a great many feet, tho' the number does not amount to an hundred, as the word feems to import. See the article Scolopendra, Suppl.

Mr. Maloet relates the hiftory of a man, who for three years had a violent pain at the lower part of the forehead, near the root of the nofe ; at length he felt an itching, and afterwards fomething moving within his noftril, which he brought away with his finger ; it was a worm of the centiped kind, an inch and an half long, which run fvviftly. It lived Ave or fix days among tobacco. The patient was free of his pain ever after. Mr. Littre mentioned a like cafe in 1708, of a larger centi- ped voided at the nofe, after it had thrown the woman, in whofe frontal finus it was, into.convulfions, and had almoft taken away her reafon. Hift. Acad. Scienc. 1733.

CENTRONIA, in ichthyology, the name by which Dr. Hill calls the echini marini, or echinodermata, called in EiHifh fea- hedge-hogs. See the article Echinoderma, Suppl. The doftor makes them a diftinct feries of animals, livino- under the defence of fhelly coverings, formed cf one piece" and furnifhed with a vaft number of fpines, moveable at the creature's pleafure.

Of the centronia, or fea-hedge-hog, we have the following fpe- cies: I. The roundifh centronia, with fmall papilla: : this is a confiderably large fpecies ; the colour of the whole fhell being of a dufky red, and the fpines only a third of an inch long. 2. The roundifh centronia, with very large fquare fpines. 3. The roundifh centronia, with very large rounded fpines. 4. The roundifh bluifh centronia, with differently fhaped fpines.

5. The depreffed eordatcd centronia, with capillaceous fpines.

6. The deprefl'ed flat centronia, with a digitated edge. 7. The depreffed plane centronia, with Ave perforations on the difki 8. The depreffed centronia, with two perforations near the edge. 9. The fiat biperforate centronia, with a digitated edge". 10. The oval deprelleA centronia, with an undulated edge and Ax perforations. 11. The roundifh ccntrcr.ia, with crooked and fafciculated fpines, called in Englifh the lea-apple. 12. The globofe centronia, with needle-like fpines, and thence called the needle-fhell.

The other fpecies of centronia are very numerous, but may be all comprehended under the following divifions. I. The

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