Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 2.djvu/826

 CAM

CAR

CAh¥ (Suppl.) — &w-Calf, the Englifh name of a genus of animals called by authors phsca. See the article Phoca, Suppl

Calf's fnout, in botany, an Englifh name for the antirrhinum of authors, otherwife called piap-dragon. Seethe article Snap- dragon', Suppl.

CALKING, among painters, the fame with calquing. . See the article Calquing, Cycl.

CALL, a name given by the miners in many parts of the king- dom to the red" telaugiwn, variegated with black and white. See the article Telaugium, Append.

CALLITRICHUM, Tutfawpfln, See the article Adian-

TUM, Suppl.

CAMEA, in natural hiftory, the fame with camaa, a genus of femipellucid gems. See the article Camjea, Suppl.

CAMt.HUIA, in -natural hiftory, the fame with what is called camaieu in the Supplement. See the article Camaieu, Suppl.

CAMPANULA lycbnidea, the name by which J. Bauhine calls a fpecies of the convolvulus, or bind-weed. See the article Convolvulus, Suppl.

CAMMOCJC, in botany, a name given by fome to the ononis, or reft harrow. See the article Rest-harrow, Suppl.

CAMOMILE, Chamomile, or Chamomile, in botany, the Engllfh name of a genus of plants called by authors chanus- melum. See the article Ckamjemelum, Suppl.

CAMP (Suppl.) — Where the grounds are equally dry, thofe camps are always moft healthful which are pitched on the banks of large rivers ; becaufe in the hot fealbn fituations of this kind have a ftream of frefh air from the water, ferving to carry off the moift and putrid exhalations. On the other hand, next to marfhes, the worft encampments are on low grounds clofe befet with trees : for then the air is not only moift and hurtful in itfelf, but, by ftagnating, becomes more fufceptible of corruption. However, let the fituation be ever fo_good, camps are frequently rendered infectious by the putrid effluvia of rotten ftraw, and the privies of the army ; more especially if the bloody flux prevails, in which cafe the beft method of preventing a general infection is to leave the ground with the privies, foul ftraw, and other filth of the camp be- hind. This is to be frequently done, if confiftent with the military operations ; but when thefe render it improper to change the ground often, the privies Ihould be made deeper than ufual, and once a day a thick layer of earth thrown into them till the pits are near full, and then they are to be well covered, and fupplied by others. It may alfo be a proper caution, to order the pits to be made either in the front or rear, as the then ftationary winds may beft carry off their ef- fluvia from the camp. Moreover, it will be necefiary to change the ftraw frequently, as being not only apt to rot, but to re- tain the infectious fteams of the fick. But if frefh ftraw can- not be procured, more care muft be taken in airing the tents as well as the old ftraw. See Pringle, Obferv. on the Dif- eafes of the army, p. 99, 103, &c.

CAMP-difeafes. See the article Soldier, jQAi&P-fever. See the article Biliovs fever.

CAWP-kojpital. See the article Hospital.

QAM.PA1GN (Cycl. ) — The beginning of every campaign is con- fiderably more unhealthy than if the men were to remain in quarters. After the firft fortnight or three week's encamp- ment, the ficknefs decreafes daily ; the moft infirm being by that time in the hofpitals, the reft more hardened, and the weather growing daily warmer. This healthy ftate continues throughout the fummer, unlefs the men get wet cloaths or wet beds ; in which cafe a greater or lelfer degree of the dy- fentery will appear, in proportion to the preceding heats. But the moft: ftckly part of the campaign begins about the middle or end of Auguft, whilft the days are ftiil hot but the nights cool and damp, with fogs and dews : then, if not fooner, the dyfentery prevails ; and though its violence is over by the beginning of October, yet the remitting fever gaining ground, continues throughout the reft of the campaign, and never entirely ceafes even in winter- quarters till the frofts be- gin.

At the beginning of a campaign the ficknefs is fo uniform, that the number may be nearly predicted ; but, for the reft: of the feafon, as the difeafes are then of a contagious nature, and depend fo much upon the heats of fummer, it is impoflible to forefee how many may fall fick from the beginning to the end of autumn. It is alfo obferved, that the Iaft fortnight of a campaign, if protracted till the beginning of November, is attended with more ficknefs than the firft two months of the encampment : fo that it is better to take the field a fortnight fooner, in order to return into winter-quarters fo much the earlier.

As to winter-expeditions, though fevere in appearance, they are attended with little ficknefs, if the men have ftrong fhoes, quarters, fuel, and provilions.

Long marches in fummer are not without danger, unlefs made in the night, or fo early in the morning as to be over before the heat of the day. See Pringle, Obferv. on the Difeafes of the army, p. 118, feq. CAMPHOR-//-^, in botany, the name of a fpecies of hunts 9 according to Linnaeus, with oval gloffy leaves on lax pedicles. See the article Laurus, Append. y

It is a native of many parts of the Eaft : Breynius calls it ar~

bor campbor'fera Japenica f slits laurinis, &c. The camphor of the fhops is prepared from the wood of this tree by a coarfe kind of fublimation. See the article Cam- phor, Cycl. and Suppl.

CAMPION, in botany, the Englifh name of a genus of plants called by authors lychnis. See the article Lychnis, Suppl.

CANARY. See Colouring of Marble.

Canary -grafs, in botany. See the article Grass, Append.

CANCER, the crab, in zoology, the name of a genus of fquilla. Seethe article Sqy ill a, infra.

CANDLE-berry-tree, a name ufed by fome for the myrica of authors. See the article Myrica, Append.

CANDY -carrot, in botany, a name ufed by fome for the myr- rhis of Candia. See the article Myrrhis, Suppl.

Candy -tuft-tree, in botany, a name given to the thlafpi of au- thors. See the article Thlaspi, Suppl.

CANE ( Suppl. ) — Bambo or bamboo Cane. See the articles Bambo and Arundo, Suppl.

Dumb Cane, in botany, a name given by fome writers to the arum. See the article Arum, Suppl.

Fi/bing-rod-CAtiE, the name of a fpecies of arundo, or reed. See the article Arundo, Suppl.

Indian flowering Cane, in botany, the name of a genus of plants called by Linnaeus and Tournefort canna and cannaco- rus. Se the articles Canna and Cannacorus, Suppl.

Sugar-CAxtE, in botany, the Engliihname of a genus of plants called by Linnaeus fauharum. See the article Saccharum, Suppl. and Sugar, Cycl.

CANNABINA, baftard-hemp, in botany, the name of a di- ftinct genus of plants, the characters of which are thefe : the flower is apetalous, confuting of a number of ftamina, and is barren, the feed being produced on diftinct female plants of the fame genus, which have no vifible flower. The feeds are triangular, oblong, and contained in membranous capfules.

The fpecies of cannabina enumerated by M. Tournefort, are thefe: 1. The Cretic male cannabina, wirh flowers. 2. The Cretic fruit-bearing or female cannabina. Vide Tourn. Inft. Bot. Coroll. p. 52.

CANTERBURY-/*//, in botany, a name given by fome to the campanula of authors. See the article Campanula, Suppl.

CANTHARIS, the glow-worm, in the hiftory of infects. See the article Glow -worm, Suppl.

CANTHARUS uncluofus, a name by which fome authors call the meloe, or oil-beetle. See the article Meloe, Append.

CANUTI avis, the name by which fome call a fpecies of trin- ga. See the article Tringa, Suppl.

CAP (Suppl.) — Black Cap, the name ufed by the common peo- ple in many parts of the kingdom for the pewit, a bird of the lams or fea-gull kind. See the article Pewit. Suppl.

CAPER (Suppl.)— Bean Caper, a name given by fome to the fabago of authors. See the article Faeago, Suppl.

CAPILLUS veneris. See the article Adiantum.

Capillus terra. See the article Adiantum.

CAPITALIS reflexa, in furgery, a kind of bandage called by the French capeline. See the article Capeline, Suppl.

CAPITO anodro?nus, a name by which fome authors have call- ed the xerta or zerte, a fifh living partly in large rivers and partly in the fea, and in fome degree refembHng the common river chubb in fhape. Gefner, de Pifc. p. 1269. See the article Zerta, Suppl.

CAPNIAS, or capnitis, in natural hiftory, names ufed by the antients for the pale bluifh jafper with black veins and clouds. See the article Jasper, Append.

CAPNORCHIS, the Indian bulbous-rooted fumitory, in bo- tany, the name of a fpecies of fumitory. See the article Fumaria, Suppl.

CAPON's tail grafs, in botany, the Englifh name of a genus of plants called by authors fjluca. See the article Festuca, Suppl.

CAPRA, in ornithology, the name by which fome call the ca- pella, or lapwing. See the article Capella, Suppl.

CAPREA, a name ufed by Pliny for the roe-deer, a creature not in the leaft allied to the goat kind. See the article Ca-

PREOLUS, Suppl.

CAPRICORNUS, in zoology, the name of a fpecies of mor-

della, a genus of four-winged flies. See the article Moa-

della, Append. CARABUS, in zoolegy, the name of a genus of four-winged

flies, whofe antenna; are oblong, {lender, and fetaceous ; the

thorax is fomewhat convex, marginated, of a cordated figure,

and truncated in the hinder part. Vide Hill, Hift. AnimaL

p. 47. CARASSIUS,aname given by fome to a fpecies of cyprinus, with

twenty bones in the back fin, and the fide line ftrait. See

Cyprinus, Suppl. CARATAS, in botany. See the article Karatas, Append. CARAWAY, or Carraway, in botany, the Englifh name

of a genus of plants called by authors c'arui. See the article

Carui, Suppl. CARBO aquaticus, a name ufed by Gefner for the cormorant.

See the article Cormorant, infra.

CARDIA,