Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 2.djvu/807

 YOU

It is thus : They gather the flowers before they arc perfectly ripe, and dry them in an earthen vellel over a gentle heat, till they crifp up in the manner of tea-leaves ; they then .add to them the ripe feeds of the lame tree in different propor- tions ; and then boiling' them in river-water with alum, they give the Yellow in any decree that they pleafe. They have three kinds of Yellow, which they diftinguifh by the names of Ngo-hoang, King-hoang, and hoang alone. The firft of thefe is the brighter Yellow ; to dye five or fix ells of filk of this colour, they ufe a pound of the flowers of the acacia, about two ounces of the feeds, and four ounces of alum.

The Klng-hoang is a fomewhat deeper Yellow ; to dye this, they ufe the fame ingredient in the fame proportion as in the former cafe ; and when the filk is dry from the dipping in this, they give it a fecond dipping in a flight tincture of Brafd-wood, this brings it to the line flrong Yellow we fee. The hoang or pale Yellow, is made of the fame ingredients as the firft, only inftead of four ounces of alum they put in but three ounces : River-water is found to be greatly pre- ferable to any other, for the extracting theie colours ; but even in that there is great difference, fom: doing the bufi- Sitfs much better than others.

The Chineie arc fo expert in judging on this occafion, that they can tell by the tafte of water whether it will or will not do; and if it tafte faint, they know it is faulty; but they dip the pieces twice into it raftead of once, and then the co- lour fucceeds well.

The flowers of the acacia, when they have been prepared by roafting in this manner, may be kept all the year round, and employed in dying as occafion requires, only there is to be longer boiling for the dryed flowers than the frefli ones ; and it is always found, that the frefh flowers give the bright- eft colour. Obferv. fur les Coutum. dc I'Afic, p. 254.

Yellow Flower-de-luce, in botany. See the article Iris Pcdujlris.

Yellow -Hammer, in zoology, the name of a very common Englifh bird, called by authors emberiza lutea ; and by fome hortulanus, by others luteus, and by others chloreus. It is a little larger than the chaffinch, and is very beautifully variegated with a greenifh or greyifh brown and a fine bright yellow.

There is befide this another kind, which is much fmaller and of a browner colour on the back ; this is called by fome authors zivolo. Ray's Ornithol. p. 196. See the article Zivolo.

Yellowness of Infants. See the article Infant.

Yellows, a name given by farriers to the jaundice in horfes. See the article Jaundice.

YERK, in the manege. See the article Ye k king, Cycl.

YETTUS, in natural hiftory, a name given by the writers of the middle ages, to a fpecies of marble, of a deep red ; which was ufed by fome as a touch-ftonc.

YEVA Charrum, in natural hiftory, a name given by the peo- ple of the Eaft-Indies to a kind of litharge ; which is very common in that part of the world, and is faid to be made partly from lead and partly from zink.

It is lefs heavy than our yellow litharge, and of a paler co- lour. It is ufed as a cauftic in all the occafions of furfery there.

YEW, Taxus, in botany, the Englifh name of a genus of plants. See the article Taxus.

Yew is alfo a term ufed by the falt-workers of Limington and fome other parts of England, to express the firlt rifmt of a fkum upon the brine in boiling.

In the pbces where they ufe this term, they add no clarify- ing'mixtures to the brine, for it ferments in the cifterns, and all its foulnefs finks to the bottom, in form of a thin mud ; they admit only the clear liquor into the pan, and boil this brifkly till it yews, that-is, till a thin fkin of fait appears upon its furface ; they then damp the fire, and care- fully fkim off this film, and clear only the fcratch or calca nous earth, which fcparates to the bottom. They do not collect this into fcratch-pans, as at many of the other works, but they rake it up to one fide of the pan, ; take it out ; they there add a piece of butter, and continue the fire moderately flrong till the fait is granulated. They keep a brifker fire on this occafion at Limington, than in molt of the other works; fo that they will work three pans in twenty-four hours. See the article Salt.

YIELD, or Slack the Hand, in the manege, is to flack the bridle, and give the horfe head. See the article Slack.

YIN, a word ufed by fome of the chemical writers, to exprefs verdigreafe.

YOKE [Cycl)— Yoke, in the fea-Ianguage. See the article Sea-T*^, Cycl,

YOMO, a word ufed by fome of the chemical writers to ex- prefs verdigreafe.

YOS, a word ufed by fome of the chemical writers to exprefs verdigreafe.

YOUNG Animals. It is commonly thought that the flefh of young animals is fooner digefted, than the flefh of the fame kind of animals arrived at full growth ; and Dr. Cheyne is alfo of this opinion. But Dr. Bryan Robinfon fhews this

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to be a miftake, in fome inftances ; and alledges, that veal and Iamb are not {q foon digelted, as beef and mutton. He mentions the caie of a man, who took a vomit every fecond night for fome months, who obferved, that when he had taken chicken for dinner, he always threw it up undi^efted ; but never threw up any of his food undigerted, when he dined on beef and mutton. YOUTH. The renovation of Youth has been much fought after by chemical adepts ; and many of them pretended to various fecrets, for this purpofe : But unluckily, the death of the pretenders proved a fufticient refutation of their do£trine. Paracelfus talks of the mighty things he could do with his ens primum ; and even Mr. Boyle tells us fome Arrange things about the ens primum of balm. Boyle's Works abr? Vol. r. p. 75. but Mr. Boyle gives thefe wonderful ftorics on the cre- dit of a French chemiit, and not on his own. See the ar- ticle Ens Primum, Cycl. Youth, Juventus, in the Pagan theology, a goddefs worship- ped among the Romans, who, together with the gods Mars and Terminus, kept her place in the capitol along with Ju- piter, when the other deities were turned out. Whence the Romans drew a lucky omen for the durablenefs of their empire. Mem. Acad. Infcrip. Vol. 1. p. 71. feq. This Irate of life was, by the antients, compared to Au- tumn. In which fenfc, Horace fpeaking of one approach- ing to Puberty, fays,

jam tlbi lividos Dijlinguet Jutumnus raccmos, Purpurea varius colore. The moderns, on the contrary, when they fpeak of one in the autumn of his age, mean one that is upon the decline ; and choofe rather to ufe the companion of the fpring, to de- note Youth. YS, in ichthyology, a name given by Athseneus, and fome other of the Greek writers, to the fifh called Mus and Sus by others. It is the caprifcus of later writers. See the ar- ticle GoAT-FiJh. YSAMBRA, a word ufed by fome as a name for hellebore, and by others to exprefs a lpecies of poifon prepared in Spain, of which hellebore is an ingredient. YSOi J US, a term ufed by fome, to exprefs the chemical art of

feparation. YSPAR, a name by which fome of the chemical writers call

iron. YTIC, in natural hiftory, the name of a fpecies of duck, common in the Philippine-iflands, and in China. It is of the fize of our tame duck, and is that fpecies which the Chinefe hatch from the egg by heat, as the Egyptians do chickens. YT ZAIMPATLI, in the materia medica, a name given by fome to the cevadilla, or hordeum caujlicum, the cauftic In- dian barley. Hernand. p. 307. YUCCA, orMANiHOT, in botany, the name of the Indian- corn. See the article Manihot.

We have three or four fpecies of this plant preferved in the gardens of the curious ; and the common kind, when grown ltrong and hardy, will endure the cold of our climate in the open air, and produce its flowers with us. All the fpecies may be propagated either from feeds fent from abroad, or from off-fets or heads taken from the old plants, in the manner of the aloe. When they are to be raifed from feeds, thefe are to be fown in a pot of light frefh earth, which being plunged into a moderatt hot bed the young plants will appear in five or fix weeks; and when they are two or three inches high they are to be removed, each into a feparate pot, which is to be plunged again into the fame hot bed, where they are to be watered and ftiaded, and to have air given them, as the feafon and the heat of the bed will permit. In July they rauft be hardened by de- grees to the open air, into which they mull be removed foon after to harden them againft winter. They muft be placed in a defended fituation, and remain abroad till Octo- ber, when they are to be removed into the green-houfe, and placed among the hardier forts of aloes. They are here to be treated exactly as thofe plants ; and when they are grown fumciently ftrong, they may be removed into com- mon borders, where they will remain through our winters, and flower very beautifully.

When they are to be raifed from the ofF-fets, thefe muft be laid in a dry place for a week or ten days before they are planted, that the wound where they where taken off from the old plant may heal ; elfe, like the other fucculent plants, they are apt to rot in the earth, and mifcarry. Miller's Gardener's Diet. YuccA-B?-ead, or CASsADA-Sr^W,' a fort of bread made in many parts of the Weft-Indies, and eaten there; and fometimes brought over as a curiofity to us. It is made of the root of this plant, known among the bota- nifts by the name of manihot. This grows to five or fix feet high, the ftalk is woody and full of knots, and has a large pith in it ; the leaves are digitated or divided into a num- ber of fegments, like fo many fingers ; the flowers are com- pofed of one leaf, and- are as large as our narciffus, and are fucceeded by a fruit of the fize of a hazel-nut.

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