Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 2.djvu/8

 MAD

MAD

natural ftate it trails upon the ground, and foon becomes fore and ulcerated j for this reafon the fhepherds are obliged to contrive a fort of fupport for it, by which the animal is triad* eafy.

MACROCOLUM, orMACRocoLLUM, among the Romans, the largeft kind of paper then in ufe. It mcafured fixteen in- ches, and frequently two feet.

MACROLOGY, M<&e<t\vyia t in rhetoric, a redundant, or too copious ftile ; an example of which we have in Livy, lib. viii. Legati non impetratd pace, retro domum, unde venerant abler unt.

The too copious is equally fubject to obfeurity with the two concife ftile, and confequently ought to be avoided. Vqjf. Rhet. 1. 4. c. r. §, 12. p. 35. See the articles Brachy- logy and Diction.

MACROPEDIUM, the Long-legs, a name given by; fome wri- ters in natural hiftory, to the common tipula. See the ar- ticle TlPULA.

MACROPIPER, a name given by authors to the piper longum, or long pepper.

MACROPNUS, a word ufed by Hippocrates and other old writers in medicine, to fignify a perfon who fetches his breath at long intervals. It is ufed in oppofition to brachypnus, or (hort- breathed. See the article Brachypn.#:a.

MACROPTERA, in zoology, the name of a genus of birds of the hawk kind, remarkable for the length of their wings. The word is derived from the Greek f*«*ges, long, and nrkfft, a wing.

The hawks of this genus have their wings fo long, that when clofed they reach to the end of the tail, or nearly fo. Of this genus are the bald buzzard, the kite, the hen harrier, the honey buzzard, and common buzzard, the facie, the jerfal- con, &c, IVillughbfs Ornitholog. p. 40.

MACRORYNCH/E, long-beaked, in the Linnxan fyftem of zoology, the character of a large order of the bird kind. The word is derived from the Greek f*«*po;, long, and gt-Vx®** a beak

The birds of this order have all of them beaks many times longer than their head, with oblong noftrils, and a furrow running from them towards the apex of the beak. Linnai Syftem. Nat. p. 45.

MACROTELOSTYLA, in natural hiftory, the name of a genus of cryftals, which are compofed of two pyramids joined to the end of a column, both the pyramids, as alfo the co- lumn, being hexangular, and the whole body confequently compofed of eighteen planes.

The word is derived from the Greek fteucfh, long, ?&>&&', per- fect, and ru'*©-, a column ; exprefling a perfect cryftal with a long column. See Tab. of Foflils, Clafs 3. There are only three known fpecies of this genus : 1. A very bright and colourlefs one, found in fome few places in Eng- land, and very common in the mountains of Germany. 2. A blackifli very bright kind, with fhort pyramids, found fome- times in Cornwall, but more frequent in Italy. And, 3. A dull whitim one, with irregular pyramids ; this is fometimes found in Yorkshire and in Cornwall, and is very common in Germany. Either of the forts found with us, are called by the common name of Cornljh diamonds. Hill's Hift. of Fofl".

MACROULE, in zoology, the name given by many to the largeft fpecies of coot. It is of a deeper black than the com- mon kind, and has a larger bald fpot on its head. It is alfo called by fome diable de mer, Ray's Ornithol. p. 289. See the article Fulica.

MACUCAQUA, in zoology, the name of a Brafilian bird of the gallinaceous kind, called alfo by fome the gallina fyhejlris, or wild hen. It is larger than our common hen, and has a black ftrong beak fome what hooked at the end ; its body is thick and bulky, and it has no tail ; its head and neck are variegated with black and yellow fpots, its throat is white, its breaft, belly, and back, are of a dufky afh-colour ; its wings are of an olive colour, and are variegated with black ; the long feathers of them are all black. It is a very well-tafted fowl, and has twice as much flefh as the European hen ; its eggs are fomewhat larger than the common hen egg, and of a bluifh-green colour ; it feeds on fruits that fall off the trees, &c. and runs well, but cannot fly high or far, and never is feen in the trees. Marggrave's Hift. Brafil.

MACULA, (Cycl.) in the writers of medicine, is ufed to exprefs all kinds of fpots and efflorefcences on the fkin with different epithets. Thus Macula: peftilent'tales are the fpots or efflo- refcences which appear upon the fkin in peftilential difeafes. Macules hepatites are fpots of a brow nidi red colour appearing on the (kin in many places, from an khorefcence of the blood, attended with a fort of coagulation. Macula: volaiica:, or va- nishing fpots, are very common to children, appearing in fe- veral parts of their bodies, and very foon difappearing again. Macula: materna: are the fpots or b'lemilhes on children called navi, and marks from the mother's longing ; and macula al- ba are white fpots which appear in the cornea of the eye,

■ called by other names, albugo, leucoma, nebula, and nubecula.

Macula Oculi, a word ufed by many authors to fignify a ca- taract: or fuft'ufton.

MAD-Dog. Seethe article Maoness.

MAD-Jppk. See the art id % MKlgngena. 3

MADAROSIS, a word appropriated by the Greek phyficians to the falling off of the hair of the eye-lids. This was ufually occafibned among them by fmall but foul ulcers on the verge of the eyelid, and this falling off of the hair about their edges, is faid by Hippocrates to have been a very bad fymptom.

MADDER foci.)— For the botanical characters of Madder, See the article Rubia.

The culture of Madder is an article of confiderabk advantage to the Dutch, and might be profecuted here with equal fuc- cefs. Tha method of cultivating it in Holland is this : In autumn they plough the land where the Madder is to be planted, laying it up in high ridges, that it may be mellowed by the winter's frofts. In March they plough it again, work- ing it very deep, and laying it in ridges at eighteen inches afunder, and about a foot deep. Then, in the beginning of April, when the Madder begins to fhoot out of the ground, they open the earth about the old roots, and take off all the fide moots, which extend themfelves horizontally juft under the furface of the ground, preferving as much of the root as may be with them. Thefe they plant immediately on the tops of the new ridges, at about a foot diftance from each other ; and this they ufually do in ihowery weather, when the plants immediately take root, and require no more water. In thefe ridges they let the plants remain two feafons, keeping them clear of weeds ; and at Michaelmas time, when the leaves are fallen off, they take up the roots, and dry them for the mar- ket.

In England it would not be neceflary to lay the ground up in ridges, as our lands are not fo fubject to over-flowings ; the plants alfo will thrive better, if at greater diftances, and if the horizontal roots were to be deftroyed at times, the downright root would fucceed much the better. - Miller's Gardener's Diet.

M.ADDER-Root, Mr. John Belchier (hewed to the Royal So- ciety the bones of hogs which were become red, by their feeding on bran that had been boiled with printed calicoes, which had been fhined with preparations of iron, alum, fugar of lead, and had had an infufion of Madder-root, to fix the colours. By feeding a cock fixteen days on fig-duft, with a little Madder-root, all his bones became alfo red. Phil. Tranf. N° 457.

Mr. Hamel du Monoeau verified Mr. Belchier's experiments, and obferved, that except the villous coat of the flomach and inteftines, the capfula of the cryftalline and vitreous humours of the eyes, and fome very hard bony tendons, and the bones, no other part had any tincture of the Madder. The moft folid bones were molt tinged, and all the red ones were larger, more fpongy, and eafily broken ; nor did they unite fo well, when broken, as white bones. Some young animals had their bones tinged in three days. The red colour went gradually off, when the creatures forbore to take the Madder for food, which proved unhealthy, for they began to languifh foon, and died with it. — Vegetables did not take the red colour when they were planted in Madder ; and none of the other dyes, with which he fed animals, had any fuch effect of tinging their bones, as the Madder had. Mr. du Hamel, having mixed Madder with the food of a pig for fome time, and then kept away the madder an equal time, found, upon faw- ing the bones through, that their interior lamina; were red, while the exterior were white : And having fed another pig fix weeks with Madder, then kept it out of its food as long, and then mixed it other fix weeks ; upon fawing the bones, they were compofed of three layers, the external and internal were red, the middle one was white. Mem. de L'Acad. des Scienc. 1739. & Phil. Tranf. N°. 457, §. 4. Med. Eff. Edinb. Abr. Vol. 2. p. 477.

MADELION, in the materia medica, 3 word ufed by Diof- corides for bdellium,

MADERAM-iV//, in botany, a name ufed by fome authors for the tree whofe fruit is the tamarind of the {hops. Hort. Malab. vol. 1. p. 30.

MADIC, a word ufed by fome medical writers for buttermilk.

MADISTERIUM, a name given by the Greeks to an inftru- ment intended to keep the fkin fmooth, by eradicating the hairs.

MADNESS, Mania, in medicine. See the article Mania, Cycl. and Suppi

M adness from the bite of enraged animals, Rabies canina.— The bites of enraged animals, tho* they were not mad at the time they inflicted them, are ufuallyattended with very grievous con- fequences. If the wound is flight, the difcharge of blood from the part is to be encouraged by preffing it with the fingers, fucking it in the mouth, or by the application of cupping- glaffes, or enlarging it with a lancet. It is afterwards to be warned with warm fpirit of wine, and bolfters dipped in the fame liquor, are to be applied to it, repeating the application every three or four hours, till all danger of inflammation is gone off. If the wound be considerably deep, it is always ne- ceffary to enlarge it with the knife, unlefs it have already a very large opening ; and, after applying fpirit of wine for the firit days, to prevent the bad fymptoms, it may be eafily healed with honey, or fome digeftive ointment, and after- wards with a vulnerary baifam, as ufual in other wounds. Hei/ier's Surg. 97.

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