Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 2.djvu/774

 W I N

W I N

The difference between carrying in the Wind, and beating Upon the hand, is, that a horfe who beats upon the hand, ftiakes his head, and refills the bridle ; but he who carries in the Wind, purs up his head without fhaking, and only fbme- times beats upon the hand. The oppofite to carrying in the Wind, is arming and carrying low.

Vf in a- Flower, in botany, the Englifh name of the anemone, See the article Anemone.

The proper foil and culture of the many varieties of this beau- tiful flower are thefe : For the foil, take a quantity of frefh light fandy loam, or hazel earth from a common, or dry pa- fture, not dug above eight or ten inches deep ; mix this with a third part its quantity of rotton cow-dung, and lay it up in a heap ; turn this over at leaft once a month, and every time pick out the {tones, and break the clods. After this mixture has been twelve months made, it will be fit for ufe. The beds of this earth mull be prepared in September, and fhould be made eight inches deep, if it be in a wet foil ; but if in a dry one, three or four inches will be fumoient ; three weeks after this has been laid in, ftir it for fix inches deep with a fpade, and then with a ftick draw lines each way of thi bed, at four inches d'ftance, fo that the whole may be ii fquares ; then make a hole three inches deep in the center of each fquare, and plant a root in each ; and when all are planted, rake the earth of the whole bed fmooth, fo as to cover the roots two inches thick. The feafon of planting thefe roots for forward flowers, is the middle of September, and for the later in October": this is beft done at a time when there are gentle rains. Some roots fbould alfo be faved to be planted after Chriltmas, for fear of accidents to the former from very hard weather.

Thefe ufually flower three weeks after thofe planted in autumn. In the beginning of April the early planted roots will begin to flower, and they will keep in flower near a month, if the weather prove favourable, and they are properly fhaded with matts, laid over hoops in the greateft heat of the day : the fecond, and laft planted ones, will follow thefe ; and, in the whole, there will be at leaft two months fine flowering. Toward the latter end of May the firft planted roots will lofe all their leaves, and they muff, be then taken up and wafhed clean, and laid to dry on mats in the fhade ; after which they are to be put up in paper bags, and hung up till the time of planting them comes on again. The later planted ones are to be taken up alfo as foon as their leaves are decayed, and not buffered to remain to make new fhoots ; for then it is too late to remove them.

They are propagated two ways, either by dividing the roots, or by fowing. The roots are to be divided as foon as they are taken up out of the ground : they will fuccced if broken into as many parts as there are eyes or buds in them ; but they flower moil ftrongly, if not parted toofmall.

The way, by fowing, is this : Choofe firft fome good kinds of Anemones, plant thefe early, and they, will produce ripe feed three weeks after the flower firft blows. This muft be care- fully gathered, and in Auguft it fhould be fowed in pots or tubs, or a very well prepared bed of light earth, rubbing it between the hands with a little dry fand, to prevent feveral of the feeds from clinging together, and fpreading them as even as poflible all over the bed ; after this a light hair brum fhould be drawn many times over the furface of the bed, to pull afun- dcr any lumps of feed that may yet have fallen together j. ob- ferving not to brufh off the feed, and as much as poffible not to brufh it into heaps. When this is done, fome light earth, .about a quarter of an inch deep, fhould befifted over the bed. If the weather be hot, the bed muft be at times covered with mats laid hollow, and gently watered.

In about two months after fowing, the plants will appear, if the feafon has been favourable, and they are to be carefully de- fended from the hard frofts by proper covering, and from the heat of the fun afterwards by a moveable reed fence. As the fpring advances, if the weather be dry, they muft be gently watered, and when their green leaves decay, there muft be a quarter of an inch more earth lifted over them, and the like 'again at Michaelmas ; and the bed muft be kept clear from weeds, and the following fpring they will flower. Miller's Gardener's DicT:.

Wind-Ga//, a name given by our farriers to a diftemperature of horfes. In this cafe there are bladders full of a corrupt jelly, which, when let out, is thick, and of the colour of the yolk of an egg.

They vary in fize, but are more ufually fmall than large. Their place is about the fetloc-joint, and they grow indif- ferently on all four legs, and are often fo painful, efpecially in the fummer-feafon, when the weather is hot, and the ground dry and hard, that they make the creature frequently ftumble, or fall abfolutely down.

The general method of cure is to open the fwclling about the length of a bean, and to prefs out the jelly : when this is done, they apply a mixture of the oil of bays, and the white of an egg, covering it with tow.

Another method is, after the jelly is all fqueezed out, to wrap round the part a wet woollen cloath, and then applying a tay- lor'shot iron, this is to be rubbed over till all the moifture is

carried away ; it is then to be daubed all over with pitch, maftic, and refin, boiled together, laying tow in plenty over all.

The Wind-galls that are fituated near the finews, are much the moft painful of all, and fooneft make the horfe lame. The general caufe of Wind-galls is fuppofed to be extreme work or exercife in very hot weather j but it is to be obferved, that thofe horfes, which have long joints, will be Wind-galled if they work never fo little. The worft Wind-galls are thofe of the hinder legs; all the above-mentioned will frequently mifs of fuccefs in thefe, and nothing but fire will cure them.

Witso-Hatcb, in mining, a term ufed to exprefs the place at which the ore is taken out of the mines. The word batch is the general term ufed by the miners to ex- prefs an opening from the furface into the mine, or in the attempting to find a mine.

Thus the word ejfay-hatches fignifies the openings made in fearch of the trains of fhoad-ftones ; and the tin-hatch in Corn- wall is the name of the opening by which they defcend into a tin-mine.

The word Wind-hatch feems to be a corruption of winder- batch ; for at thefe places they have a winder conveying two buckets, the one conftantly up, the other conftantly down ; the man below fills the bucket that defcends ; and when that which afcends full is emptied at the mouth of the hatch, the perfon who has the care of that part of the work, delivers it empty to go down again. Phil. Tranf. N°, 69.

WiND-Sails, in afhip, are made of the common fail-cloth, and are ufually between twenty-five and thirty foot long, accord- ing to the fize of the fliip, and are of the form of a cons end- ing obtufely ; when they are made ufe of, they are hoifed by ropes to about two thirds or more of their height, with their bafis diftended circularly by hoops, and their apex hanoino- downwards in the hatch-ways of the {bin ; above each of thefe^ one of the common fails'is fo difpofed, that the greardt part of the air, rufhing againff. it, is directed into the Wind-jail, and conveyed, as through a funnel, into the upper parts of the body of the fhip. Phil. Tranf. N°. 463. p. 65.

Wmo-Sbock, a name given by our farmers to a diftemperature to which fruit-trees, and fometimes timber-trees, are fub- je&.

It is a fort of bruife and ffiiver throughout the whole fubftance of the tree ; but the bark being often not affccled by it, it is not feen on the outfide, while the infide is twifted round, and greatly injured.

It is by fome fuppofed to be occafioned by high Winds • but others attribute it to lightening. Thofe trees are moft ufually affected by it, whofe boughs grow more out on one fide than on the other.

The beft way of preventing this in valuable trees, is to take care, in the plantation, that they are fheltered well, and to cut them frequently in a regular manner, while- young. The Winds not only twift trees in this manner ; but they of- ten throw them wholly down : in this cafe, the common me- thod is to cut up the tree for firing, or other ufes ; but if it be a tree that is worth preferving, and it be not broken, but only torn up by the roots, it may be proper to raife it again by the following method : Let a hole be dug deep enough to receive its roots, in the place where they before were ; let the {hag- gling roots be cut off, and fome of the branches, and part of the head of the tree ; then let it be raifed ; and when the torn' up roots are replaced in the earth in their natural iituation, let them be well covered, and the hole filled up with rammed earth ; the tree will, in this cafe, grow as well, and perhaps better, than before. If nature be left to herfelf, and the tree be not very large, the pulling off the roots will raife it. Mor~ timer's Hufbandry, vol. 2. pi 79.

WiND-ThmJh, in zoology, a name given by fome 'to the red- wing, and fuppofed to be given from their generally firft ap- pearing with us in windy feafons ; but it appears more proba- bly to be, derived from the German name wint-trojfel, or vine-thrufh, from its doing great mifchief there in the vine- yards, by eating and deftroying the grapes. Ra/$ Ornitho- i°gy» P- 139- See the article Rsn-Wing. .

V? USD-Hover, in zoology, the name of a fpecies of hawk, called alfo by fome the flannel, but more ufually the keflrel, and known among authors by the names of the timnmtulus and cenchris.' Jtay's Ornithol. p. -50. See the article Tinnun-

CUI.US.

WiND-Wdrd, (Cycl.) in the fea language, denotes anything towards that point from whence the wind blows, in refpedt of a fhip.

WINDAGE of a Gun is the difference between the diameter of the bore, and the diameter of the ball.

WINDER- Meb, in zoology, the name of a bird of the larus or gull-kind, moderately large, and defcribed by Aldrovand under the name of larus major.

Its head is remarkably large and thick, and is of a mottled co- lour of white and grey ; its breaft and belly are alfo varie- gated with the fame colour, but they are fomewhat paler. Its beak is thick and ftrong, of a yellow colour, and very fharp ; and the opening of its mouth very wide. Its wings are varie- gated with white, grey, and chefnut- colour i and both thefe § and