Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 2.djvu/755

 WAR

-Ing, and the feme quantity at noon, and in the evening. Upon Tiis refting-days he is to be drelted. between five and fix in the morning, and. watered at feven 'or eight. In the evening he is to bedrefTed at four, and watered about five, and he muft al- ways ha've provender given him after watering ; he muft be littered about eight, and then muft have food given him for all night.

The night before he is ridden, : ajl his hay is to he taken away 'about nine o'clock, and' he muft have a handful or two of Oats about four in the morning, when he has eaten thefe, he h to be turned' upon" the fnaffle, and rubbed very well with dry cloths j then faddiec!, and made fit for his exercife. When he has performed this, he is to be brought fweating into the

. ftable, and rubbed down with dry wifps. When this has been

' done, the faddie iS ' to be taken off, and he is to be rubbed down with dry cloths; the houfmg cloth is then to be laid on, ,?'nd the fuddle being again laid on,., he is to be walked gently about till thoroughly cool. After this, he muft ftand without irieat two or three hours, then he muft be fed ; and in the af- ternoon he is to be rubbed and drefTed as before, and watered in the ufual mariner.

WARD'j Pill. Some have conjectured that this medicine, which had fo great a run, and to which a diminution of the numbers in the bills of Mortality, one year after it happened to come iii vogue, was faid in a public adverdfement to be owing; it has been conjectured, I fay, that this medicine was made of butter of antimony ; others think it the glafs of

" antimony, and cinnabar of Antimony amaflcd with gum tra- gacanth. See Ward's Pill difFecied> and Med. EH".. Edinb.

■" abf, vol. 2. -"p. 434. and 470. Mr. Clutton "mentions fome cafes where they did fervice ;

.'but relates the hiftories of fifty cafes where they did great mifchief.

To difcovcr the compofition of thefe pills, he difTolved the feveral forts of them, and then viewing with a microfcope the powder which precipitated, he faw three different coloured powders remaining of the blue pill; to wit, a yellow, red, and white powder; the yellow and red agreed exactly with the glafs of antimony, and the white one appeared to be common arfenic. War-d?s_PM being inclofed in copper, arid expofed to a ftrong heat, made the copper white, and as hard as iron, which arfenic always does. He alfo obferved in this blue pill

- another powder, which he judged to be zafFre, that is, cal-

_ cined cobalt, incorporated with flints. He thinks the pro- portion of the ingredients in this blue pill to be, one third glafs of antimony, near two thirds of arfenic, and a very fmall part of cobalt, 'or zafFre, with fome powder of blue. The red pill appeared to be much the fame compofition as the blue, only red' arfenic was. made ufe of inftead of the white, and that the colouring of blue powder was left out. The purple pills tinged glafs blue, which cobalt or zafFre does, and therefore Mr. Clutton thinks them principally compofed of cobalt, with a little glafs of antimony, which left a yellow- Ifh border upon the glafs. See True and candid Relation of the good and bad Effects of Ward'j Pill and 'Drop, and Med. EfF. Edinb. abr. vol. 2. p. 470, 471.

WARNAS, a name by which fome of the chemical writers ex- prefs what others of them call the acetum pbilofopborum, or vinegar of the philofophers.

WARNING (Cycl.)— Warning-Pw, in the military art, is the gun which is fired every night about fun-fet, to give no- tice to the drums and trumpets of the army to beat and found a retreat or tattou, which is likewife called, fctting the watch. See the article Retreat.

WARNOTH, in our old writers, an antient cuftom by which if a tenant, holding of the caftle of Dover, failed in paying his rent at the day, he was to forfeit double ; and for the fecond failure, treble : and the laijds fo held were called terris cultis, and terris de Wamotb. Blount.

WARPS {Cycl.}— Warp, in a (hip, a rope ufed to hale a fhip into, or out of a harbour.

WARRANT, (Cycl.) in the manege-. A jocky that fells a horfe is, by cuftom, in fome countries, obliged to vjarrant him, that is, to refund the money that was given for him, and re-deliver the horfe in nine days after the firft delivery, in cafe he fold him when under fuch infirmities as may efcape the view ; of the buyer, and as are not obvioufly difcovered. Thefe infirmities are purfivenefs, the glanders, and unfound-

. nefs, hot and cold : But he does not warrant him clear of fuch infirmities as may be difcerned. Not only jockeys or horfe-merchants, but alfo perfons of what quality or condition foever, are obliged to take back the horfe, and repay the mo- ney,' if he is affected with the faid diforders. But the rule of the. law of England is, caveat emptor, unlefs the feller ex-

. prefsly zuarrants.

Dividend Warrants. See the article Dividend.

WARREN (Cycl.) — The word Warren is now generally ap-

, plied to a piece of ground fet apart for the breeding and pre- iervlng of rabbets.

In the fetting up a Warren, great caution is to be ufed for the fixing upon a proper place, and a right fituation. It fhould always be upon a fmall aicent, and expofed to the caft or the fouth. The foil that is moft fuitable, is that which is fandy ; for when the foil is clayey or tough, the rabbets find vaftly

WAR

more difficulty in making their burrows, and never do it fo well ; and if the foil be boggy or moorifh, there would bs very little advantage from the Warren; for wet is very de- ftruclive of thefe animals.

All due precautions muft be taken, that the Warren be fo con- trived, that the rabbets may habituate themfelves to it with . eafe. Many would have it that Warrens fhould be enclofcd not neceffary nor advifeable ; for we find but very few that are (o, and thole do not fucceed at all the better for it. Mr. Chonrel's opinion is, that it ought to be furrounded with a ditch. 1 his indeed is no fence to prevent the rabbets from going out, unlefs there be water in it ; but it marks the fn- tended-boundsofthe/Ftfrrm, and the rabbets generally con- fine themfelves within its circumference, though not necef- farily compelled to do fo. The fpace proper for a Warren has no limits but the owner's pleafure ; but, in general, the ': larger it is, the more profitable it alfo proves : and the rabbets, when once accuftomed to the place, will keep within its bounds, though they are neither hemmed in with walls nor ditches, nor any other fence whatever.
 * with walls ; but this is a very expenfive method, and ferns

Some have prefcribed' the making deep ditches, and conftantly keeping^ them fupplied with water in the .fummer as well as winter fcafon, that they may ferve as fences to the rabbets ; but as it is not found neceflary to fence them in at all, if is
 * extremely injudicious to do it, by means of a thing known to

1 be fo very prejudicial to thefe creatures, as water is. If the perfoii who has fet up a Warren has but few rabbets to ftock it with, the more patience he muft have as to the profit of it ; but the beft method of getting quickly into the fcheme of pro- fit in it, is the buying at firft a large number of doe-rabbets, all big with young. Thefe being unwcildy and heavy, will naturally flay in the place, and the young ones will be habi- tuated to it as their native place, and. will never run from it. Thefe young ones will foon breed again, and the Warren will begin quickly to be flocked with inhabitants, almoft all na- tives of the place. They fhould not he hunted at all the two firft years, and but very moderately the third. After this they will increafe fo faft, that fcarce any body can conceive the numbers that may be taken, and the profit that may be annually made without hurting it.

The Warren is the next franchife in degree to the parkland when fpoken of in law, the terms ufed are, the liberty and frahcBife of a free 'Warrht.

The beafts and fowls of a Warren are underftood to be' four, the rabbet, the hare, the partridge, and the phcafaiit, and no other. Thefe were efteemed the proper game to be taken by the long-winged hawk. ■ A foreft, which is in dignity the higheft and greateft franchife, comprehends in it a chace, a park, and a free Warren-; for which rcafon the beafts of the park, and the beafts and fowls of the free Warren, are as much privileged within the foreft, as the beafts of the foreft itfelf are. WARTS (Cycl.)— There "are a thoufaiid fuperftitious remedies for Warts, but none of them are of the leaft confequence. The furgeon's affiftance is the only true method of getting rid of them. There are feveral ways of deftroying them in his hands, as by ligature, extirpation, evulfion, the cauftic, and the afiual cautery. The cure by ligature, is by means of a loofe hair, or a piece Of fine and ftrong filk, tied very tight about the root of the Wart ; and by this means the nutricicus veffels being comprcfled, the excrefcence withers and de- cays.

The method by extirpation, is to take them up with a pair of plyers, and cut them clofe off with fciflars, dreffing the wound with the common cauftic, to remove' the roots, if there be any, which would give rife to a new tubercle. The cure by cauftics is beft performed by cutting off the hard upper part of the Wart with a razor or fciflars, and then fur- rounding its bottom with a circle of wax, to prevent the fpreading of the remedies, to touch it daily with oil of tartar, fpirit of fait, aqua-fortis, or butter of antimony. The cure by cautery is performed by choofing a cautery of a proper fize, and with that burning down to the root of the Wart. This is the moft painful of all the methods of extir- pating thefe excrefcences ; but the pain is but for a moment, and the Warts extirpated this way never return again.' The cure by evulfion is performed by anointing them with foftening ointment, and then feizing them artfully between the thumb and the fore-finger, and forcibly wrenching them out. This is a mountebank method, and a bad one; for it is not only very painful, but the Warts commonly grow up again. Cancerous Warts. It is no uncommon thing to find on the face, lips, and about the eyes, Warts which look blue and livid ', thefe are always to be let alone entirely ; for when ir- ritated, they frequently degenerate into a cancer, and mifera- bly torment the parts where they are fituated. Hei/ier's Sur- gery, p. 32. Wart, in the manege, is an excrefcence, or fuperfluity of fpongy flefh, that rifes in the hinder patterns of coach-horfes, almoft as big as a walnut. It fuppurates, and voids red flanking matter, and does not cure but, for a time, for it re- turns again.

WARTH,