Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 2.djvu/754

 W A L

WAR

This alto is common in Virginia. 6. The golden long-fhanked hair Bryum, with upright crooked heads. The ftalks of this arc very fhort, and. fometimes: a little branched. It is a fummer- mofs, and isTrequent in Germany.

The fecond -order of the Bryums comprehends thofe which have capfules, hanging downward from the bending of the pedicles. The calyptra? in thefe fpeeies quickly fall oft ; and the opercula are ufually obtufe.

The firft feries of thefe comprehends thofe which have ex- tremely narrow leaves. Of this feries the following are the known fpeeies. i. The fhort-fhanked hair Bryum, with red ftooping heads. "The capfules of this feem in a middle ftate be-

. tween the ereel and pendent ones. It grows in moift: grafly

•places, but is not very common. 2. The golden-hair Bryum, with pear-like bowing heads. The ftalks of this are low, and rather may becalled creeping fibres ; the Ieavesof apleafant green, i and very narrow \ the pedicles are an inch high, and the heads yellow when ripe. It is found in many parts of England in moift: places.' 3. The lovely green hair Bryum, with pendu- lous heads. The capfules of this are oblong and drooping, the leaves are extremely narrow. It grows in wet places on Woolwich-Heath. Dillen. Hift. Mufc. p. 386. The fecond -feries of thefe Bryums contains thofe which have leaves a little broader, and though narrow, not capillaceous. . The firft divifion of thefe contains thofe which have equal and

i cylindric branches; Of thefe the following are the known .fpeeies: 1. -The catkin- ftemmed filver Bryum. This is a

. . very fmall mofs; but it grows in extremely large tufts, and

. is very common on the tiles of houfes ; its filvery look di-

flinguiflies' it from all the others at firft fight. 2. The round-

ifemmed green Bryum, with pendulous heads. The capfules

■ of this arc of art oval figure ; it grows on walls. 3. The hyp- num-Iike Bryum, with elegant blackifh-red heads. This is

■ found on the Welch mountains. Dillen. Hift. Mufc. p. 393 The fecond divifion of thefe' "Comprehends thofe which have

■• unequal and irregularly-fhaped bfanches. Of thefe the follow- ing are the known fpeeies : 1. The hoary round-tufted tile Bryum, with pendulous heads. This is an extremely fmall mofs, and- grows ufually on little round tufts j the heads are not feen till the plant is clofely examined ; they ftand on very -. ihort ftalks. This is one of the moft frequent of all the
 * moffes-on old Walls and the- tiles of houfes. 2. The tufted

- red and yellow-fhanked Bryum. The leaves of this are broader, membranaceous^ and of a pleafant green. It is common on old walls. 3. The tranfparent and larger tufted Bryum, with long pendulous heads. This is common on heaths ; it is of a pleafant green, and grows to two inches high. 4. The tranfpa rent-leaved Bryum, with long pendulous heads. 'This i: common in moift fhady places. 5. The lancet-leaved Bryum, with round flefh-coloured pendulous heads. This is found in tl: fummer months on Black-Heath, and in. many other places about London. 6. The tender, lancet, and grafs-leaved pendulous Bryum. The ftalks of this are red j they do not exceed half an inch in height, and are not branched; the pe- dicles are of a pale red, and grow from the fummits of the ftalks. It grows in tufts in Wales. 7. The fwans-neck Bryum. This is a very elegant fpeeies, it grows in woods, in fomewhat moift places, and is an inch or two, fometimes more, in height. The leaves are large, and of a. beautiful green, and the pedicle bends with the capfule, fo as to repre- fent the head and neck of a fwan. It is common in- our woods. 8.. The pendulous and fwoln-headed bog Bryum. This grows to three or four inches high ; the leaves are like thofe of ferpyllum, and are pellucid, and of a lively green. It grows in boggy places on heaths, &c, g. The long-fhanked bog Bryum, with long pendulous heads. This is not unfre- quent with us in damp places, in woods, and under fhady hedges. 10. The red bog Bryum, with plated leaves, and pear-fhaped pendulous heads. This isfound in many parts of England on mountainous boggy grounds. Dillen. Hift. Mufc.

P--397- ■ " ..

The third feries of thefe Bryums comprehends fuch as have broad leaves. Of this kirid the following are the known fpe- eies : 1. The golden bulbed Bryum, with pear-fafhioned bow- ing heads. This is called by fome little goldilocks, or golden maidenhair. It -is a very common mofs, and grows on the ■ground* 2. The many-headed pendulous fhrub Bryum, with pellucid leaves, refembling thofe of the bart's-tongue. This is a very common mofs ; it creeps at the root, and fpreads very faft: ; it grows in woods, and under hedges. 3. The larger ftarry rofe Bryum, with pendulous oval heads. The

" ftalks of this are naked near the ground ; but on their upper part they have many fmall leaves. It grows in moift; and fhady places. 4. The lcfier ftarry rofe Bryum, with long pedicles, and long heads. The leaves of this are very fhort. It is not uncommon under fhady hedges. 5. The pendulous

. oval headed Bryum, with various tranfparent leaves. The ftalks of this are about half an inch high, and the leaves ob- tufe, and fhort toward the bottom, and longer and narrower at the top. It is very common in wet places on heaths and woods. 6. The long tranfparent ferpyllum -leaved Bryum,

- with fharp ftooping heads. This grows in marfhy places. 7.

pendulous oval heads. This has but final! leavcs 3 and grows
 * The round tranfparent mother-of- thyme-leaved Bryum, with

always in boggy places ; the heads are of a pale gteeri while young, and of a pale yellow when ripe. Dillen. Hilt. Mufc. P-4-I5* ; '.

WALLA, the name of an officer in the eaftern nations'. The Arabs have the care of the country round about the city 'of Cairo in Egypt, and a Walla is obliged to patrole continually' about there, efpecially in the night.

His bufinefs is to take up all perfons who are committing any diforders, or who cannot give an account of themfelves, or are found abroad at irregular hours ; and he often has their heads cut off upon the fpot. As this officer is naturally the terror of rogues, fo for prefents made to him he often become* their protector. Without this they ate fure, one ti'me"or other, to fall a facrifice to his refentment; and to him the great people fend for any villains who have rendered themfelves obnoxious to them, and are fure to have them delivered up, PoeocFs Egypt, p. 165.

WALLING of Brick. See the article Brick.

WALNUT, in botany. See the article NuX.

The effluvia of Walnut-trees are faid to be hurtful to -the head. Mr. Boyle allures us tbey caufed the head-ach in bun*- feif. Works abr. vol. r. p. 436.

! WALRUS, in zoology, the name by which fome authors call th* morfe, or fea-horfe, called alfo by others, rofmarus, a crea- ture very different from the hippopotamus, or river-horfe. Sep the article Morse.

Walt?. at ^ is a p p ^ cc j t0 a ^p, Wnen ^ ^^ not ^ er

due ballaft,

not enough to enable her to bear her fails.

WALTHERIA, in botany, the name of a genus of plants,, 'the characters of which are thefe : The perianthium confuls of one leaf, and is of the ihapeof a cup, lightly divided into five fegments, and remains after the flower is fallen. TheAower confifts of five petals, which are cordated at the : tbp^'and ■fknd expanded. The ftamina are five filaments, growing to- gether into a cylinder. The antherse are fimple, and'.fhmd free. The germen of the piftil is oval. 'The ftyle is fimple, fomewhat longer than the ftamina; and the ftigma is"frifid. The fruit is a capfule of an oval figure at'fhe'tcp, coinpofe'd of " two valves, but containing only one cell. The feed is firigle». obtufe, and broad. Linnesi Gen. Plant, p. 327.

WAMPUM, afortoffhells, feveral of which being fining up- on threads, are ufed as money among the Indians. It is made of a fhell, formed into fmall cylinders, of about' one quarter of an inch long, and a fifth of an inch over, and being bored as beads, is ftrung in great numbers upon long firings. In this ftate it panes among the Indians in their ufual commerce, as filver and gold among us ; but being" loofe, it is not fo current.

It is both white and black ; and the meaneft is in fingle firings* of which the white goes at five millings a fathom, and tils' black at ten ; or by number, the white at fix a penny, die- Ma ck at three. The next in value to the fingle ftriugsi is that which is wove into bracelets of about three quarters of a yard long, black and white, in ftripes, and fix pieces in a row, the warp confuting of leather thongs, and the woof of thread ; thefe the gentlewomen among them wear, wound twice 0/ oftener about their wrifts.

The moil valuable of all is that woven into girdles, Thef# are compofed of many rows, and the black and white pieces woven into fquares or other figures. Thefe girdles are forne^ times worn as their richeft ornaments ; but they are oftener ufed in their great payments, and make their nobleft prefents, and are laid up as their treafure. Grcw's Mufeeum, p. 370. '

WANDSU, in zoology, the name of a fpeeies of monkey found in the ifland of Ceylon. It is all over of a fine deep black ; but has a long white beard hanging from its chin.

WANHOM, in the materia medica, a. name by which IGemp- fer has called the plant, of which the great galangal of the fhops is the root. Keempf. Amsen. Exot. p. 901.

WANT, in zoology, a name given by many to the mole. Sec the article Talpa.

WANTI. See the article Glove.

WAPP, in a fhip, that rope wherewith the fhrowds are fet taught i with wale-knots, one end is made faft to the fhrowds, and to the other are brought the Ianniards.

WAPPER, in zoology, a name given by fome to the fmaller fpeeies of the river-gudgeon. Rny's Ichthyogr. p. 264. See the article Gobio Fluviatilis.

WAR (Cycl.)-WAR-Horfe. The proper rules for the choof- ing a horfe for fervice in War, are thefe : He mould be tall in ftaturc, with a comely head, and out-fwelling forehead. His eye fhould be bright and fparkling, and the white part of it covered by the eye-brow. The cars fhould be fmall, thin, fhort, and pricking ; or, if long, they fhould be moveable with eafe, and well carried. The neck fhould be deep, and the breaft large and fwelling. The ribs bending, the chine broad and ftrait, and the buttocks round aud full. The tail mould be high and broad, neither too thick, nor too thin ; the thigh fwelling ; the leg broad and flat, and the pattern fhort. When fuch a horfe is chofen, he muft be kept higl* during the time of his teaching, that he may be full of vigour. His food muft: be fweet hay, and good clean oats, or two parts of oats, and one part of beans or peas, well dried and hardened. The quantity fhould be half a peck in the morn- ing.