Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 2.djvu/753

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lucid ; the pedicles of the heads about an inch long, and the heads themfelves flender. It grows in fandy places in Virgi- nia. 6. The hoary branched country Bryum, with coloured heads. This grows in thick'tufts, and is very common in country villages on the trunks of trees, walls, and houfes. 7. The fmooth Bryum, refemblingthe former kind. The leaves of thefe are fmaller than thofe of the other, and fmooth, and the whole plant lefs. It grows in Patagonia. 8. The com- mon dwarf hoary wall Bryum. This is a very fmall (pedes, extremely common on old walls, and the tiles of houfes. 9. The common dwarf tranfparent Bryum, with green, not hoary leaves. This refembles the former in figure, but its leaves are broader, thinner, and more pellucid. It grows in many places on ditch-banks. Dillen. Hilt. Mufc. p. 354. The fecond divifion of this order of the Bryums, comprehends thofe with narrower leaves, of which fome are remarkably longer than others : Of thefe the following are the known fpecies : 1. The fickle-leaved bending befom Bryum. This is a large and erect fpecies, very common in thick tufts about hedges. 2. The red-ftalked, tranfparent, grafly-leaved Bryum. The ftalks are flender ; the leaves of a pale green ; it grows in many parts of Germany, but has not yet been obferved in England. 3. The tranfparent, hart's-tongue- leaved curled Bryum, with crooked heads. This is a very common fpecies. It grows to two or three inches high, and its leaves are long, narrow, and alated. 4. The juniper- leaved curled Bryu?ti, with ftraiter heads. The leaves of this are narrower than thofe of the former, and lefs curled ; it is very common iri Virginia. 5. The larger brittle whitifh Bryum, with flrait leaves, and fliort pedicles. This is a very common fpecies in wet places on heaths. It grows in very thick tufts, and imbibes and retains a great quantity of water. 6. The dwarf white larix-leaved Bryum, This grows in fmall and fhort tufts, and is a native of North America. Dil- len. Hift. Mufc. p. 360.

The fecond fubdivifion of the narrow-leaved Bryums contains thofe of the fhort-leaved kind ; of thefe the following are the known fpecies: 1. The white brittle Bryum } with crooked leaves. This is much like the common white heath Bryum ; but the leaves are bent, and the pedicles of the capfules grow out of the fame parts of the ftalks, whereas in that they grow from the tops. 2. The tranfparent bog Bryum, with crooked fhort leaves and heads. This is common in marfhy places ; it grows to two or three inches high, and ufuallyin very thick tufts. 3. The fhort-headed Bryum, with drooping leaves. This is of a yellowifh- green, and grows on wet places in the Welch mountains. 4. The fharp-headed Bryum, with leaves leaning one way. This grows to two inches high, and is not uncommon in the northern parts of England. The hypnum- like water Bryum, with pointed black calyptras. 5. This is a very fingular fpecies ; it grows in water, and lies upon ftoncs ; but does not properly creep or root itfelf on them. It is found tn rivulets in mountainous places. Dillen. Hift. Mufc. p. 366.

The third divifion of the firft order of Bryums comprehends thofe with extremely narrow, or capillaceous leaves. Of thefe fome refemble the hypnums, and many of thefe have their leaves terminated by long hairs. Of thefe the following are the known fpecies : 1. The common hoary hypnum-like Bryum. This is of a yellowifh green, and when dry becomes whitifh. It is confiderably branched, and is found on Hamp- ftead-Heath, and in the like places. 2. The green cluftery Alpine Bryum. This is of a greenifh yellow colour, but wants the hairs which terminate the leaves of the former kind. It is common in the mountainous parts of Wales and Yorkfhire. 3, The fmail-headed hypnum-like Alpine Bryum. This is a fmall mofs, but much branched ; the leaves are very narrow. It grows in the mountains of Wales and Yorkfhire, and is fometimes found quite black, both in leaves and ftalks. 4. The hypnum-like Alpine Bryum, with obtufe calyptne. The branches of this are hairy, the leaves very numerous and very fmall, and of an obfeure brownifh green. It grows on the hills in Wales and Yorkfhire. 5. The heath-like Alpine Bryum, with bearded heads. The ftalks of this are lefs branched than in the former, and the leaves fhorter ; it grows tn mountainous places in Yorkfhire. 6. The many-headed, hoary, hypnum-like mountain Bryum. The ftalks of this are rigid, and are four or five inches long, fometimes fingle, fometimes branched. The leaves are nar- row, and end in fine fmall hairs. It is found in the moun- tainous parts of Yorkfhire. Dillen. Hift. Mufc. p. 370. The fecond fubdivifion of thefe Bryums contains fuch as are hairy, and have capillaceous leaves ; but differ from the hyp- nums in their proper figure, and genera] appearance. Of thefe the following are the known fpecies : 1. The foft-hair pencil Bryum, with crooked (hanks. This is a very minute mofs, but very beautiful ; its leaves terminate in fine hairs, and its heads are fmall. It is not unfrequcnt in the woods of Germany, but is not common in England. 2. The bright green, pointed fphagnum-like Bryum. This grows an inch or two high, and its branches are ufually divided into two or three at the ends. It grows on the mountains of Yorkfhire. 3. The whorled-hair Bryum. This grows in very thick tufts. The ftalks are flender, and about an inch long. The leaves Suppl. Vol. II,

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are capillaceous, and the heads fmall and roundifh. It is found on the trunks of trees, and on the ground in the northern parts of England not unfrequently. 4. The conferva-like bog Bryum. This is very fmall, and compofed of extremely flender branches, which entangle with one another, and are furmfhed with fmall leaves placed alternately, and not fet verv clofe ; k grows in wet places. 5. The bending hair-pencil Bryum. This is a very elegant little mofs. It grows in thick tufts on ditch-banksj and is not above half an inch in height. The leaves are long and capillaceous ; the heads very fmall and_ reddifh. 6. The cluftery crooked-leaved hair Bryum. I his is a fmall mofs, the ftalks fometimes fimple, fometimes branched ; the capfules are very flender, and their pedicles reddifh. This grows on the mountains of Wales. 7. The black-headed bog Bryum, with fhort leaves. The ftalks "of this are {lender, and feldom branched ; the heads are fmall and of a blackifh brown, and the pedicles fhort. It is com- mon in Yorkfhire. Dillen. Hift. Mufc. p. 376. The third fubdivifion comprehends fuch of thefe Bryums as have curled leaves, or leaves that become varioufly undulated as they dry. Of thefe the following are the known fpecies : 1. The long-fhanked frizzled Bryum. The ftalks of this grow to near two inches high ; the leaves ftand very thick, and always curl up in the drying. It is found in mountainous places. 2. Thefhoit-fhankcd, many-headed frizzled Bryum. This has fhorter ftalks than the former, and the leaves ftand in clufters on tiie tops; it is found on the mountains of Wales and Yorkfhire.. 3. The fine ftar-topped Bryum, which curia up its leaves in drying, This grows in thick tufts, and. its leaves are of a .beautiful green ; it is common on heaths, and under hedges. | 4. The fhort pale green hair Bryum, with oval heads. , This is a very fmall mofs, but it grows in thick tufts ; the leaves, while frefh and vigorous, are expanded, and form ffellar tops to the branches ; but, in drying, they curl up and wither. It is very common on ditch-banks. 5. The neat pale green Bryum, with ihrry tops, and flender heads. This is a very fmall fpecies ; but its ftalks are divided into fome branches. Its leaves form ftarry tops to the branches, while frefh ; but they curl up and lofe their figure in drying. 7. The fmall red ftar-topped bog Bryum. The ftalks of this are moderately long and branched. ; the leaves alfo are long. It is found in the mountains of Wales. 8. The fmooth and flender pale- flunked Bryum, wirh thick-fet leaves. This is frequent at the bottoms of old walls. Dillen. Hift. Mufc. £379-

The fourth fubdivifion of thefe Bryums comprehends thofe which have roftratcd calyptrse and pointed capfules, afterwards becoming of the fhape of bottles, from the rim of which there grow up feveral oblong bodies, in form of a beard. Of this kind are the following fpecies : 1. The thick-topped bearded birds-claw Bryum. The ftalks of this are fhort, fometimes branched, fometimes not ; the leaves fmall, ftrait, carinated, and of a lively green. It is common on old walls. 2. The fmall ftar-topped Bryum, with clawed and bearded heads. The ftalks of this are fhort ; the leaves ftellate at the tops ; the pedicles of the heads grow not from the fummks, but from the laft year's top of the ftalk. It grows on the ground, and is found in Germany, and in fome parts of England. 3. The flender- bearded Bryum, with narrow and thin-fet leaves. The ftalks of this are very flender, and fend up their pedicles from the fummit. It is common on the earth in dry places j and fometimes on old Walls. Dillen. Hift. Mufc. p. 381. The fifth fubdivifion of thefe Bryums comprehends- thofe which have a fhorter operculum, and whofe capfules appear ftriated when fully ripe. Of this kind are the following fpe- cies : 1. The fmall forked Bryum with twin heads. The ftalks of this are fhort, and ufually fend up two pedicles from each fummit, each carrying its capfule. The leaves are fmall, and of a dark green. 2. The ftarry-topped red- fhanked Bryum. This grows in clufters or tufts ; the ftalks are divided fometimes into two, fometimes into three branches. It is very common by way-fides, and is eafily known by the rednefs of the pedicles. 3. The fine-leaved bog-Bryum, with long and fhining-red pedicles. This grows in the manner of the former ; but the leaves are longer, and more pointed, and the pedicles are long, and grow feveral together from one ftalk. It is common in Wales. Dillen. Hift. Mufc.

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The fixth fubdivifion of thefe Bryums takes in thofe which. have either no ftalks, or at the utmoft only very fhort ones. Of this kind are the following fpecies : r- The leaft dwarf hair Bryum, with fhort heads and pedicles. This has ex- tremely narrow leaves, of a deep green ; it grows in marfhy places. 2. The fmall black, hair Bryum, with longifh heads and pedicles. The heads of this are large, and their pedicles are confiderably long. 3. The dwarf fine-leaved heath-like Bryum. The leaves of this fpecies are very rigid, and greatly refemble thofe of the fine-leaved heath. It grows on rocks and ftones in the weftern parts of England. 4. The dwarf tufted Bryum, with fine foft leaves, and conic heads. The leaves of this are very narrow and carinated, and of a deep green. It grows by the fides of rivers in Virginia, Penfyl- vania, and other parts of America. 5. The dwarf long- fhanked Bryum, with hairy leaves, all leaning one way. 5 Q. ' This