Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 2.djvu/752

 W A L

W A L

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'ADD (Cyel.)— W add- Hook, or Worm, a (mall iron turned ferpent-wife like a fcrew, and put upon the end of a long (tafF, to draw out the Wad of a gun, when it is to be unloaded. WAGE, in the law of England, is ufcd for the giving fecurity for the performance of any thing. Terms de Ley. in voc.

Thus we fay, to wage law, to wage deliverance. See the article Gage.

None wages law againft the king. Brook, Abr. Tit. chofe en A£tion. 6. WAGGEL, in zoology, a name given by the people of Cornwall to a fpecies of the larus, or fea-gull, known among authors by the name of martinoz%o. See the article Mar-

TINOZZO.

WAGGON (Cycl.)— W AGGox-MaJer-General, in the mi- litary art, is he who has the ordering and marching of the baggage of the army. On a day of march he meets the bag- gage at the place appointed in the orders, and marfhals it ac- cording to the rank of the brigade or regiment each Waggon belongs to, which, is fometimes in one column, fometimes in two ; fometimes after the artillery ; and fometimes the bag- gage of each column follows their refpective column.

W-'IN, a vehicle or carriage drawn by oxen. See the article Cart.

WAKE-Robin, Arum, a medicinal plant. See the article Arum.

WALDRAPP, in zoology, a name given by fome to the wood-raven, or corvus Jyhaticus of Gcfner, a bird of the fize of a hen, of a gloffy black, and adorned with a creft on its head. See the article Corvus.

WALE, or Wail, in a (hip, thofe outermoft timbers in a (flip's fide, on which men fet their feet when they clamber up a fhip's fide. They are reckoned from the water, and cal- led hcrjSr/?, fecond, or third Wale, or bend.

Wale-^W, aboard a fliip, a round knot or knob made with three ftrands of a rope, fo that it cannot flip, by which the tacks, top-fail-Jluets, and flappers, are made faff, as alfo fome other ropes.

W ALZ-reared, on board a (hip, a name the feamen give to a (hip, which, after fhe comes to her bearing, is not narrow in her upper work, nor boufed in, as their word is, but is built ftrait up ; which way of building, though it does not look well, nor is, as theyfay, finp-jhapen, yet it hath this ad- vantage, that a (hip is thereby more roomy within board, that is, fhe is larger within, and alfo becomes thereby a wholfome (hip in the fea, efpecially if her bearing be well laid out.

WAL1NGHURU, in botany, a name by which fome authors have called the plant, of which the medicinal zerumbeth is the root. Herm. Muf. Zeylon, p. 51.

WALK (Cycl.) — Walk, in the manege, is the flowed and leaft railed of" all a horfe's goings. The Duke of Newcaftle fays, that this motion is performed with two legs, diame- trically oppolite in the air, and two upon the ground at the fame time, in form of a faint Andrew's crofs : but this, in reality, is the motion of a trot ; and accordingly all the later writers agree, that this author is miftaken, and that the Walk is performed, as any one may obferve, by the horfe's lifting up its two legs on a fide, the one after the other, beginning with the hind-leg firft. Thus, if he leads with the legs of the right fide, then the firft foot he lifts is the far hind-foot, and in the time he is fetting it down (which in a ftep is al- ways fhort of the tread of his fore-foot on the fame fide) he lifts his far fore-foot, and fets it down before his near fore-foot. Again, juft as he is fetting down his far fore-foot, he lifts up his near hind-foot, and fets it down again juft fhort of his near fore-foot, and juft as he is fetting it down, he lifts his near fore-foot, and fets it down beyond his far fore-foot. This is the true motion of a horfe's legs in a Walk ; and this is the pace in which many things are belt taught. For inftance. when the horfe is to be taught to turn to the right and left, or from one hand to another, he is firft to be taught it on ths Walk, then on the trot, and finally on the gallop. Grafi Walks. See the article Grass. Gravi-l Walks. See the article Gravel.

WALKL/EPETHIGA, In botany, a name by which fome au- thors have called the tree, on which the gum lacca of the (hops is ufually found. Herm. Muf. Zeyl. p. 34. WALL (Cyd.)-~Oi~ all the materials for building Walls for

ripening fruit, brick is generally the heft, as it reflects a great deal of heat, retains its warmth a great while, and affords, by the fmallnefs of the joints, the convenience of faftening up the trees with fmall nails. If thefe Walls are coped with free-ftone, and have (tone pUlafters at proper diftances, to break the force of the winds, and fhelter the fruit-trees, they make the molt advantageous, as well as the moft beautiful of all Walls.

It is fometimes an advantageous thing to build thefe Walls upon arches, that the roots of the trees may have room to fprcad under, and to the other fide of them. This is necef- fary when the foil is a hard gravel ; for without this, when the roots of peaches, &V. have reached the gravel, they find not fufficient nouriihment, and the trees canker and die. But though Mr. Fairchild had found great advantages from this way of building Walls, Mr. Miller difapproves it. Some alfo have propofed the building flanting Walls ; but the fame au- thor gives many reafons why the perpendicular are preferable, and feems to think that if Walls could be eafily contrived to (lope a little forward, they would be even preferable to thefe. Miller's Gardener's Diet.

Wall of ' Severus. See the article Agger.

Wall- Flower, in botany. See the article Leucoium.

Wall-M/j, Bryum, in botany, the name of a genus of moffes, the characters of which are thefe : They produce membranaceous capfules, covered with a calyptra or hood, and ftandtng on pedicles more or lefs long. In all this they agree with the hypnums ; but they differ from them in that this pedicle has no covering round its bafe, but in the place of it has a node or tubercle. Thefe pedicles alfo ufually arife from the tops of the branches, or from thofe of the Iaft years, which were then the tailed, though now nearer the roots. To this it is to be added, that the (talks are ufually erect, lefs branched than in the hypnums, and not creeping. The calyptra? in fome (pedes ftand (trait, in others obliquely on the capfules ; and the opercula, when the dufty matter within the head has arrived at its maturity, fall ofFtranfverfely, fometimes with a finooth, fometimes with a jagged eye. The family of the bryums being veiy numerous, they are di- vided into feveral orders and feries. The firft order compre- hends thofe which have erect: heads, and of thefe thofe of the firft feries have rounded, bellied, and turbinated heads. Of this feries the following are the know fpecies : 1. The hair-leaved globe Bryum. This is called by fome the apple- beaded mofs ; it is a very beautiful fpecies j the (talks are about an inch long, and ftand in tufts, and the heads are round and placed on long pedicles; the leaves are of a dark green. It is common on ditch-banks. 2. The (lender ftar-topped marfh Bryum, with round heads. This is another very beautiful kind. The leaves compofing the ftarry tops of the branches are more rigid and (tiff than the reft. It is common in wet places. 3. The narrow-leaved Bryum, with tranfparent thyme-like leaves, and heads (haped like cruets. This alfo is a beautiful fpecies. It grows in wet moffy places, but is not very common. 4. the wide-necked cruet Bryum, with tranfparent mother-of- thyme leaves. This is found in boggy places in the weft of England. 5. The narrow- leaved (lender cruet Bryum. This is a beautiful plant, it grows to four inches in height, and is ufually found on heaths about cow- dung. 6. The pear-headed Bryum, with tranfparent mother- of-thyme leaves. This is very common in February about hedges, and in (hady places. Dillen. Hift. Mufc. p. 336. The fecond feries of this order of Bryums -contains thofe which have oblong, oval, and rounded heads. Of thefe the firft divifion comprehends thofe which have broad leaves. Of thefe the following are the known fpecies : 1. The fmall thyme- leaved Bryum, with thick-fet rufly heads. This is very common on ditch-banks, and by way-fides, and produces a great number of heads. 2. The lefler extinguifher Bryum. The calyptra of this fpecies exactly refembles an extinguifher. It grows in thick tufts, and its leaves are pellucid, and fome- what like thofe of the ferpyllum. 3. The larger extinguifher Bryum. This is larger than the former, and fome what branched ; it grows alfo in thick tufts. 4. The awl-headed Bryum. The leaves of this are of a pale green, oblong, and hollowed in the middle ; the pedicles of the heads are long, and moderately thick. It is common on ditch-banks in Ja- nuary and February. 5. The tranfparent Bryum, with leaves leaning all one way. The leaves are obtufe and pel- 2 lucid j