Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 2.djvu/733

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chemical writers, arid is only the communicated particle! df the (tone, with a very fmall portion of iron abiaded from the things ground on them.

ULPICUM, in botany,, a name by which Columella, and fome other authors have called the allium, or garlick. Ger. Efriac. Ind. 2.

ULRACH, a name given by fome writers to the /unguis dra-

, corns, or dragon's blood,

ULNA, a name given by fome botanical authors to a genus of imperfect plants, confiding of the common oyfter-nre'en, the fea-chitterling, and the like, which have been fince called by P'Menius, tremella:. See the article Tremell^:. The word Uha is frequent in Latin authors ; but its ficrfii- fication has been much controverted. Some have been of opi- nion that it exprefied the Cyprus graffes, others the cat's-taii, and others other particular plants ; but it rather feems that the antients ufed it as a word expreffive of all plants that grew by . river or water-fides ; Pliny, having called/he fagitta, or water- arrow-head, one of the Vbia ; and others, having expreffed the bur-reed, rufhes, and many of the common water-plants . very different from one another, by. the fame name. Baiihiiie makes the Uha a purple fea-mofs allied to the alga. Dillin Hht, Mufc. p. 4.

It is fuppofed by fome, that Uha is a name ufed by the antients for the hop ; but it happens only in one author, that is, Cato », and there is certainly owing to an error of the prefs, not to any intention of the author. He mentions the hop as a plant climbing upon the willows, and by its brandies affording a good fort ot litter for cattle ; and this by the name oiVha ; but as the word appears in no other author, it is reafonable to fuppofe, that it is an error of the copifts for upulus, which was the old name for the hop, the adding of the initial L be- ing only of later times. Pliny, in the fame manner, calls the hop lupus, by a like error of the tranferiber.— [. Cato de Re Ruft. c. 38.]

ULULA, in zoology, the name of the grey owl, called alfo Jinx cinerea. It is a very light bird for its fize, being very thick covered with feathers, and has a ridged circle of feathers compofed of two rows, round its face. And there is, within this, another grcyifh circle, compofed of flenderer and more diftant plumes, which furround the eves. It is of a mottled colour, mixed of a grey and brown,' and is feathered nearly to the feet. It has alfo feveral long black fireaks on the breaft, and the inner circle of the face is variegated with no other co- lours than brown and white. Ray's Ornithol. p. 66.

UMBER (Cyd.)— Umber, otOmbir, in zoology, an En- glifh name for a fifh of the truttaceous kind, more commonly called the greyl'mg, and by the authors in ichthyography, thy- mallus, a frelh-watcr fifli of a very fine taftc. JViltughby : s Hift. Pifc. p. 187. See the article Thymallus.

Umber, in natural hiftory, an earth of the ochre kind, ufed in painting. It is found in JEgypt, Italy, Spain, and Germany ; but what we have brought into England is principally from different parts of the Turkiih dominions. But it might be found in confulerablc plenty alfo in England and Ireland, if properly locked after, feveral large mafies of it having been thrown up in digging on Mendip-bills in Somerletihire, and in the county of Wexford in Ireland.

The characters by which it is known from other earths, are thefe : It never conftitutes a ftratum of itfelf, as the generality of other earths do, but is found fometimes in fmall lumps among gravel, and other loofe matter, and fometimes in the perpendicular flumes of the folic! ftrata. It is of a clofe com- pact texture, yet very light, of a fmooth furface, and of an elegant pale brown, in different degrees. It is fmooth and foft to the touch, and adheres firmly to the tonoue, breaks eafily between the fingers, and fcarce at all ftains the hands, and makes no fermentation with acids. Hill's Hift. of Fof- lils, p. 63.

UMBILICAL (C>/0-Umbilical Vein. Dr. Trew afferts contrary to Caflcnus, that the umbilical vein enters the liver towards the left part of it ; and that there is but one umbilical vein, which empties itfelf into the left extremity otOteJims ■uinx portarum, and fends no branches to the liver. See Phil. Tranf. N°. 457. Sect. 7.

Dr. Trew endeavours to fheW how, after birth, the umbilical veins and arteries, (eparating from the navel, gradually retract within their fheaths, which they have from the peritoneum ; and leave the fides of the (heath to grow together, as the fides of the remains of the vefl'els alfo do. Hence he infers, that the hemorrhages, which fometimes happen at the navels of adults- muit not be from the umbilical veill-ls, but from fome other Commerce Norimb. 1737. Hebd. 13 §.1.

UM £ I ^ ICU " S Mar '"" s > a name g iv <-'n to a fmall oval body of a flielly matter, from its refemblance to the human navel It is properly the operculum of a ihell-fifii; ferving to clofe up the aperture ot the fhell in the buccinum, and other turbinated fhells; and to that purpofe it is fixed to the anterior extremity of the body of the animal ; fc that when it retraflsits body into thefllell, this naturally fills up the mouth of it: it is convex on one fide, and flat on the other ; the convex fide is plain and white; the flat fide is yellowifh or reddifhi and marked with a fpiral line.

It is faid by authors to have great virtues as an abforbent and Si-??!,. Vol. II.

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afHrigent; but is not tiled at prefent in thefheps, thou:;;, !> holds a place ,n the catalogues of the materia medica, as well of our own as other nations'. Plti/c

U !h B N N V S ' a r n ° ng thea "™ n ' !i > a 'Knd of coin current in Gal-' Ifa iNarbonenfis.

."Si'S ^Tome write it, UmSsa, in zoology, the name of a Mb, of the truttaceous kind, and nearly allied to the faimon 1 here are four fpecies of this filh mentioned among naturalifts ; but the Umbla prior and Umbla altera of Rondeletius, which are two of them, feem only to be the different fexes of the lame h h. I hefe are confiderably large, very like the com- mon faimon but have blue backs and yellow bellies. The third ,s the fifh commonly called tek/aWeHn. See ,the article ?Ai' V r E r ,N- And the ftmrth is the rcd ch atre. Wn&ghh'i

mran P ' ' 93 ' See the article Char rj:;-

UAiriUi m antiquity, the round protuberant part of i fhield. See the article Shield, Cycl.

UMBRA (6>r/.)-_UMERA, in ichthyography, the name of" a ea-Mh caught in the Mediterranean, and brought to the mar- kets in Italy and other places; called by fotne cirimts, and by the Venetians corvo.

Its iifual fize at market is about twelve or fourteen inches in length ; but it grows to fixty pctind weight, and to the length of five or fix feet. It is of a fomewhat flatted figure, and its' back is ridged, and rifes tip from the head. It fomethincr r e- fembles the carp in its general figure, but is broader. It is very elegantly coloured, for there are a number of long obliauei lines eoveimg its whole fides, which are alternately of a fine pale bine, and a beautiful yellow. Its fcalcs arc modera-cly large, and its coverings of the gills, and great part of its very head, as well as its body, are Covered with thefe. Its head is moderately large, but its mouth fmall, and it has a finole

t,,., ™"g m g do™ from its chin. Rcndclet. de Pifc. n i8°^

UMBRATJLIS Pugna, the fighting with ones own' L$£. i his was one of the kinds of exercife much recommended by the antient phyficians ; they ordered the pcrfons who ufed it, not only to box, but wrcftle, with his fhadow ; that is, not only to Me his arms, but his legs alfo ; arid often to put them- ielves into a leaping pofture, and throw their bodies violently forward, and often to retreat baftily backwards. Thecuftorn terns to have been of antient date ; Plato exprefsly mentions it ,- and St. Paul feems to allude to it in that pafiW where, glorying in the reality of his conflias, he fays, he does riot fight as one who beats the air. The phyficians greatly recom- mended this exercife to people of fedentary lives, and to thofe who had weak nerves, and were affilfied with tremors. They eftecmed it ufeful alfo in difeafes of the kidneys, and of the thorax.

UMBR1NO, in zoology; a name fifed by fome authors for the aracmus, or umbra, as fome call it. The Umbrim has by fome been eftecmed a dift ina fpecies of fifh from the coracinus - but they feem to differ no other way than as the one is the ol- der, the other the younger fiih. JFilkghby's Hift. Pifc P- 33°-

UMBUNCULUS, in natural hiftory, a name given by antient authors to the fmall prominences in the fntface of certain Italics. It was originally derived from the word umbo, which expreiTcs the prominent knob, or round lump in the center of a fhield ; and its firft ufe that we find in the naturalifts, is in expreffing a very fimilar thing ; that is, the prominent part of the znnhmpis. This was a ftone of the nature of what we call oculus bcli, or belhahio, and was of a white ground, and roundlih figure, fomewhat refembling an eye. It was found in the Euphrates, and other rivers, and had always an Vm- bunculm of a glaucous or bluifh colour.- This Umbunculus was a prominent round fpot, fuch as we fee in our ocuti belt, and and call the pupil. It was afterwards ufed to exprefs the in- equalities on the furfaces of flints and agates, which frequently are roundifti and obtufe, and reprefent a kind of umbones.

UxvIPLE, in our ftatutes, fignifies fine linnen. -i Ed. 4.. c ? Bhunt. ' J *

UNANNEALED Bottles, or ■Bologna Bottles, ikindofra- annealed glafs bottles made at Bologna, and many other places, in the year 1742, which, though appearing very ftrong, yet are to be broken by a fragment of flint, fcarce larger than a grain of fand, thrown into them. Afla Eruditor. 1745. p. 81. See the article Unannealcd Glass.

UNAROTA, among the antients, a carriage with only one wheel. Pitifc. in voC.

UNCATA, in botany, a name given by fame authors to the ftramonium or thorn-apple. Ger. Emac. Ind. 2.

UNCEASESATH, in our old writers, an obfolete word, ufed where one killed a thief, and made oath that he did it as he was flying for the facts and thereupon parentibus ipfuis occifi juret unceafath, viz. that his kindred would not revenge his death ; or they (wore, that there fhould be no contention about it. Leg. Ino. c; 37. Blount.

Da Cange derives the word from the negative particle un, and the Saxon ceath ; which laft fignifies the fame with affith- ment in the law of Scotland See the article Assithment.

UNCERTAIN, in the manege. We call a horfe uncertain, that is naturally reftlefs and turbulent ; and is confounded in the manege he is put to ; fo that he works with trouble and un- certainty.

iV UNCI-