Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 2.djvu/732

 ULM

U L P

XJkers are fituated in the mouth, uvula, fauces, or tongue, the patient fhould frequently ufe a gargle, made of decoctions of the woods, and fweetened with honey of rofes, and the ulcerated part fhould be frequently touched with honey of rofes, acidulated with fpirit of vitriol, and, after this, they may be healed with eflence of myrrh, amber, or with oil of myrrh made per deliquium.

When the Ulcers are on the external parts, they muft be dref- fed either with the common digeftive, or with bafilicon, with red precipitate mixed in them j and thefe dreffings are to be covered, and kept on by a mercurial plafter ; and when they are thoroughly cleanfed, they may be healed in the ordinary way.

Another excellent medicine for clcanfing thefe Ulcers, Is the phagedenic- water, or, in its place, lime-water, impreg- nated with calomel ; either of thefe may be applied every day many times, and the parts may be, when neceflary, touched with the cauftic; and when they are thoroughly cleanfed, they may very fuccefsfully be healed, either with an ointment made only of crude mercury mixed with turpentine, or with the following : Take of the diapompholygos ointment, and crude mercury, killed with a finall quantity of Venice- turpentine, of each equal quantities ; mix them in a glafs mortar into an ointment, or take of the amalgama of lead and tin an ounce, of bole armcnic two ounces ; mix thefe, and make them into an ointment, by mixing with them a fufficient quan- tity of ointment of rofes, or any ether fimple ointment, in a glafs mortar. If there be at the fame time a caries of the bone, which is indeed too frequently the cafe, that is to be drefied with euphprbium, oil of cloves, phagedenic- water, or fpirit of nitre with quickfilver diflblved in it; or, if it can conve- niently and fafely be done, the actual cautery is of fignal fer- vice.

Sometimes, when thefe Ulcers fall on a foft part of the body, as the groin, they throw out continually fo large a quantity of lymph, that all the medicines that can be invented or applied, are of no confequence to flop it. This accident is occafioned either by the rupture or erofion of fome of the lymphatic vef- fels. In this cafe the furgeon ought to try what can be done by proper compreffes, and a tight bandage; but when thefe, and the other milder applications are of no fervice, the actual cautery muft be employed, but with great care and caution to the vitiated parts.

If venereal Ulcers of the penis and glans are negligently or un- fkilfully treated, an univerfal pox is very frequently the con- fequence ; the urethra will, in thefe cafes, be often perforated in various places, and the urine will be difcharged through it, as through a fieve ; and fometimes the whole glans, or penis itfelf, will be either totally eaten off, or fo miferably affected with fchirrufes and cancers, that the furgeon is obliged to extir- pate them with a knife. When the nofe is affected by thefe Ulcers, it is very frequently entirely demolifhed by them ; fometimes the palate, with its bones, are fo eroded and per- forated, that an open communication is made between the mouth and nofrrils, and the fluid part of the aliment, in eating, is thrown out by the noftrils. Thefe paflages can fcarce ever be perfectly covered again by flefh ; but when the extremi- ties and edges of them are healed, they may be clofed with a fmall plate of filver or gold. The tonfils alfo, the external coat of the uvula, and frequently the whole uvula itfelf, are alfo deftroyed by the virulence of thefe ulcers : And laftly, the cranium itfelf, particularly the frontal bone, is frequently fo eroded and perforated by a caries, that the brain lies bare, and the motion of the puliation of the arteries may plainly be feen. felf, follow this, if neglected, or improperly treated. Heijier's Surgery, p. 249.
 * Tis no wonder if the worft of fymptoms, and even death it-

Ulcers of the Head. See the article Head.

Ulcers in the Leg. See the article Leg.

ULEX, in botany, the name by which Linnaeus calls the plants named by Tournefort and other botanifts, genijla fpartium. Linnm Gen. Plant, p. 348. See the article Genista Spartium.

ULMARIA, Meadow-Sweet, in botany, the name of a genus of plants, the characters of which are thefe : The flower is of the rofaccous kind, confiftlng of* feveral petals, difpofed in a circular form. From the cup there arifes a piftil, which finally becomes a fruit, compofed of feveral fmall capfules arranged together in form of a head, each of a crooked fhape, and each containing one fmall feed,

Mr. Tournefort allows bo other fpecies of this genus, befide the common Ulmaria. Tourn. Inft. p. 265.

ULMUS, the Elm, in botany, the name of a genus of trees, the characters of which are thefe : The flower is of the cam- paniform kind, confifting of one leaf, and containing a great number of ftamina. The piftil arifes from the bottom of the flower, and finally becomes a membranaceous or foliaceous fruit, of a heart-like fhape, in the center of which there is placed a pear-fafhioned capfule, which is alfo of a membra- naceous ftructure, and contains a pear-fafhioned feed. The fpecies of Elm, enumerated by Mr. Tournefort, are thefe: 1. The common Elm. 2. The broad and rough- leaved Elm. 3. The leffer Elm, with narrow and rough

leaves. And 4. The fmooth-leaved Elm. tourn. LnR, p. 601. Sec the article Elm.

ULNA (Cycl.) — Cartilages of the Ulna. The two figmoide cavities, in the upper extremity of the Ulna, are covered by a cartilage common to both, which is a little interrupted about the middle of the edges of the cavities, by the tranfverfe notches in this part of this bone. The inferior extremity, or fmaller head of the Ulna, is crufted over by a cartilage round its cylindric border, in the notch near the ffyloide apophyfis, and for fome fpace on the apophyfis itfelf. " The cartilage which covers the head of the radius, is alfo ftretched over the cylindric border thereof, and the lateral portion of the mufcu- lar tuberofity immediately below the neck, is alfo covered by a thin fhining cartilage. The lateral half- grooves or channels, at the bafts of this bone, appear likewife to be crufted over with a cartilaginous matter : But this may poffibly be only from portions of the annular ligaments. lV'inflow\ Anatomy, y. 140.

ULNARIS Extermts, {Cycl.) a long mufcle, lying on the out- fide of the fore-arm, flefhy toward the os humeri, and tendi- nous toward the carpus.

It is fixed above to the external condyle of the os humeri, being there united to the anconeus minor, to the annular ligament of the head of the radius, and to the upper half of the external angle of the Ulna ; from thence it advances and forms a ten- don, which panes through the external notch, at the lower extremity of this bone, on one fide of the ftyloide apophyfis. The tendon, after having palled under a particular ligament, fituated near the os cunieforme of the carpus, is inferted in the outfide of the bafis of the fourth metacarpal bone ; fend- ing fome tendinous filaments to the bafis of the little ringer ; it is likewife often fixed in the bafi3 of the third metacarpal bone. J-Vinjlow's Anatomy, p. 192.

This mufcle is alfo called cubitalis externus, and it is named by Cowper, extenfor carpi ulnaris.

Ulnaris Gracilis, a mufcle called by fome, palmaris longus. It is a fmall mufcle, lying between the os humeri and the carpus, on the infide of the fore arm.

Its body is fmall and flender, and its tendon very long and flat. It is fixed by its flefhy portion in the fmall cryita of the inner condyle of the os humeri, fometimes clofely united to the ul- naris intemus; from thence it runs down flefhy for fome fpace, turning a little obliquely toward the middle of the fore- arm, and ends in a long narrow thin tendon. This tendon panes down the middle of the fore-arm, over all the other mufcles, to which it ilightly adheres, and advancing over the large internal annular or tranfverfe ligament of the carpus, is inferted in the furface thereof, fending off fome radiated fila- ments to the aponeurofis palmaris. This mufcle is fometimes fixed to the condyle of the os humeri, by a tendon about a finger's breadth in length, to which the flefhy body joins to- ward the middle of the fore-arm. The inferior tendon is alfo fometimes inferted in the os fcaphoides of the carpus, without communicating with the large annular ligament ; and fome- times the aponeurofis palmaris arifes from this ligament. From all which variations it may rcafonably be concluded, that that aponeurofis has no eflential dependance on this mufcle ; and fometimes this mufcle appears to be only a production from the ulnaris internus. IPrnficw's Anatomy, p. 193.

Ulnaris Intemus, along mufcle, flefhy at its upper extremity, and tendinous at the other, fituated on the outer part of the Ulna. It is fixed in its upper part, in the backfide of the long or internal condyle of the os humeri, in that part of the olecra- nium which is next the condyle, along the upper half of the Ulna very nearly, and to the middle common tendon of the neighbouring mufcle, commonly termed the profundus. It runs in the direction of the external angle of the Ulna, and ends by a long tendon in theos pififorme, or orbiculare of the carpus, reaching likewife to the os unciforme, being united to the ligament common to thefe two bones. Winflow's Anato- my, p. 191.

This mufcle is alfo called cubitalis hternus, and is named flexor cubiti ulnaris by Cowper.

ULOPHONUS, in botany, a name given by the antients to a poifonous plant, fince called the chameleon tbijlle, and even at that time known to Diofcorides, Galen, and others, under the name of the black chamaleon thijlle. The white plant of the fame name, or the ixias cba?na;leon, fo called from its yielding a gum like maftic, but of a vifcous texture while moift anS frefh, was an efculent plant.

The antients have taken great care, in all their writings, to exprefs which of the two chamaeleon thirties they mean, when they ufe the word ; but the giving it an abfolutely diftinct name, or preferving to it the name chamseleon, and giving to the black kind an appellation wholly different, fuch as this of Ulo- phonus, mentioned by Pliny, feems much better than the di- ftinguifhing them by epithets, which we find, however well underftood at the time when they were ufed, never proved fufficient to prevent errors and confufion in after-writers. See the article Ixias.

ULPHA, a term ufed by fome authors to exprefs the muddy fubftance which falls off from whetftones, grindftones, and the like, which is fometimes ordered in medicines among the

chemical