Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 2.djvu/689

 TUC

They are in their native ftate of very various kinds, but by different accidents attending them in their accidental one, they are fubje£t to a multitude of" other appearances. They are found of very various fizes, fometimes compleat, and buried in the it rata of earth or ftone ; fometimes they are more or "lefs perfedi, and are immerfed in mafles of the Indus helmontii or feptariee, and in this ftate, they make one kind of lapis fyringoides, or pipe-ftone ; but the molt beautiful fyringoides, or pipe-ftones, are the parts of the bottoms of fhips, or polls fixed in the fea, which have been pierced, in their original ftate of wood, by thefe fea worms, and afterwards, petrified with the cafes or Tubuli of the worms remaining in them ; thefe are nfually of a pale yellow or whitiih wax colour ; and the body of the mafs of a brownifh or blackifti hue, but retaining the ilrufture of the wood : of thefe, there are beautiful fpecimens in great abundance on the lliore of the ifland of Sheppy. We have the very fame fuhftances alfo buried in our clay-pits, about London and at Richmond ; but in thefe the wood is highly faturated with the matter of the common vitriolic py- rites, and the pipes often filled with the fame fubftance. Thofe Tubult called dentalia and entalia are not lefs frequent,

. and are found of various fizes ; fmalh fmooth ones are com- mon in our clay- pits about London ; and the larger ftriated ones are not unfrequent in the hills of Yorkfhire ; but they are much more plentiful in thofe of France and Italy. Hill's Hift. of Fofl". p. 648.

^Thbol-US Marinuiy or Canalis $ in natural hiflory, the name of a genus of univalve fhell-fiQi ; the characters of which are thefe : It is of an oblong figure, terminating in a point, and hollow within ; fo that it refembles a tube or horn. Thefe are alfo called by the older writers dentalia^ from their refembling the tooth of a dog.

It has been a common error of authors to confound under the general name of Tubulus marinus, thefe ftiells, and thofe very different ones of Lhe vermiculi marini, which make a number of pipes or tubes joined together ; thefe by their num- ber and joinings, have induced a late French author to place them among the mukivalve fhclls, while the canales are ufu- ally fingle and feparate, and can have no title to any clafs, but the tubular univalve one. Aldrovand ohferves, that the Tubuli called dentalia, and thofe called antalia, differ only in

• fize; and he thinks they have no title to the name concha, fince they are neither of the nature of the common bivalve, nor uni- valve fhells, fuch as the patella and auris marina-, but this is very idle, fince by this rule the mails, and many other families, might be excluded as well as thefe. This author lays, in another place, that the antale is formed of many cir- cumvolutions ; whence he feems to have taken in the hue- cina under this name; but "later writers have more nicely diftinguiflied in thefe cafes. The fea pencile is evidently of this genus, tho' extremely different from all the other

. fpecies of it, in having its head pierced with a multitude of holes, in the manner of the head of a watering pot. Some authors, from the figure of the ihell, call this phallus marinus, and the French call it le priape. Aldrovand, dc Teftac. 1. 3. p. 382.

Of this general clafs of xhcTubuli or Canales, there are four fubordinate diftinctions : 1. Some are ftriated. 2. Some are ftrait. 3. Some are bent like a horn : and, 4. Some are fmall and even on the furface, and are bent a little into a figure approaching to that of a crefcent ■„ thefe are now called by many antalia.

Of the ftriated Canalis, we feem to have at prefent only one known fpecies ; tho' this varies fo greatly in fize and colour, that it might in its feveral ftates be miflaken by many for feveral fpecies. There is alfo another very different form it affumes in our cabinets ; this is owing to its being polifhed,

. the ridges being by this manufacture taken off, and the ihell made to appear extremely different.

Of the ftrait kind we feem alfo to have only one fpecies, tho' varied by accidents into feveral different appearances. Of the crooked kinds we have. 1. The horn Canalis ; this is a Tubulus marinus exactly of the fhape of a horn mode- rately inflected. 2. The root-fhaped Canalis. 3. The bif- tort dentalia, or Canalis, of the figure of the biftort-root. 4. The vape-dentalia, or Canalis, of the figure of the rape- root. 5. The Canalis, called vulgarly dens-cants, or the dog- tooth fhell. 6. The dens elepkantis or elephant's-tooth fhell. 7. The whitifh Canalis. And, 8. The greenifh Canalis. To thefe is to be added, the phallus or priape of the French ; called alfo by fome of that nation the arrofoir or watering- pot ; it is an oblong and ftrait fhell, with the head pierced full of fmall holes like the head of a watering-pot. Of the Canalis called by the French antales, we have only two fpecies. 1. The white: And, 2. The yellowifh antalls. Hift. Natur. Eclairc. P. 2. p. 245. See the articles Penj- cilu Aaknw/, Dentalis, Soleus, Belemnites, and Tubulus concameratus.

TUBULOSE-Z-fa/*, among botanifts. See the articleLEAF.

TUCANA, in zoology, a name given by fome to the toucan, a very remarkable American bird of the magpye-kind ; but having a beak as long and thick as its whole body. Ray's Ornitliol. p. 88. See the article Toucan. Suppl. Vol. II.

T U X

TUCK of a Ship, the truffing or gathering tip the quarter undef water ; which if fhe lie deep, makes her have a broad, or ag they call it, fat quarter, and hinders her fteeringi by keeping the water from palling fwiftly to her rudder ; and if this truffing lie too high above the water, fhe will want bearing for her works behind, unlcfs her quarter be very well laid out.

'TUFECSI, a body of the Spahis, or horfe^ in the fervice of the Grand Seignior. Pocock's Egypt, p. 166.

TUFFO, in botany, a name given by the people of Guinea to a plant common in that country, and ufed in decoction to walh fore eyes with. It is of the fun-flower kind, and is cal- led by Petiver, flos folis Guineenfis folio fcabro fore minor e. It much refembles fome of the American fun-flowers. Philof. Tranf. N°. 232.

TUFTED Duck, in zoology, the Engliflj name for the capo negro, a fpecies of duck with a blackiih head, and a tuft of feathers hanging from it. See the article Capo Negro.

TUGUS, in botany, the name of a fweet aromatic plant, much efteemed in the eaftern parts of the world, and fuppofed by father Camelli, who very ftriclly compared it with the ac- counts given by Diofcorides and the antients of their amo- mum, to be that very plant. The clustered manner of grow- ing of the fruit, together with it* oblong fhape, and the aro- matic tafte of the feeds, feem greatly to countenance this opi- nion.

The Tugus is a plant of confiderable height, growing up fometimes to eight or nine cubits. Its leaves are of an oblong form, marked with large veins and ribs, covered with a foft hoary down underneath, and of a very agreeable aromatic fmell. The flowers are red, and grow in clufters, of a hand- breadth or more in length, in a kind of ear, arifing either from the root, or from the main trunk of the plant. The fruit follows thefe flowers, and is no other than the inflated or enlarged cup of the flower, containing the feeds : this makes but a very thin and tender covering for them j and they, be- ing delicious to the tafte, are much fought after by birds, in- fects, and field mice. One or other of thefe creatures ufually devours them before they become really ripe ; and this makes the fruit fcarce, even in the places where the plant grows, fince very little of it can be collected.

Each fruit of the Tugus contains five of feven feeds ; thefe are of an oblong figure, of a reddifh colour, and of an agreeable aromatic tafte, but not too acrid.

The natives feem as fond of thefe, as the antients were of the amomum ; and the young women firing them on threads, and wear them as bracelets ; fometimes they make the bracelets of the feeds alone ; but more ufually they firing them alter- nately with pearls, and pieces of red coral: thefe bracelets they call caropi, as well as the fruit itfelf. In fome places, where the Tugus is fcarce, they ufe the feeds of the abelmofch, the cannacorus, or the fago, inftead of thefe of the Tugus ; but the true are much more efteemed. They are fuppofed, when worn by way of a necklace, to keep off the effects of a bad air, and to preferve them from the bites of ferpents or the centipes. If not a prefervative, they are however found, upon experience, to be a very good re- medy in the laft cafe, the common application for the bite of this animal being fome of the feeds of the Tugus chewed in the mouth to a fort of pafte.

The cluftcr of fruit of the Tugus, or true amomum, when newly formed and unripe, fomewhat refembles the pfeudo- amomum of Garcias ; but this likenefs wears off as they ri- pen. Camelli, who hath given this excellent account of the Tugus, has added a figure of it in the Philolophical Tranf- aclions, from which fome at firit fight may object to the juftice of his making it the fame plant with the amomum ; fince Diof- corides, and from him Pliny, affirm the leaves of the amomum plant to be like thofe of the pomegranate ; this no more agrees with his figure, than with his general defcription of the com- mon leaves of the 1 Tug us*, which are not at all like thofe of that tree,, but greatly larger and longer in their fhape: but this is a difficulty ealily cleared up, by obferving that Diofco- rides, Pliny, and the reft of the antients, when they defcribe the amomum, never concern themfelves about the plant which produces that precious fruit, which probably they never faw ; but all they mean by its leaves, are thofe fmall and fhort leaves which they found adhering to the clufter of the fruit, as brought over to them for fale. Thefe are the leaves of the ear only, and thefe are not unlike thofe of the pomegranate, on the plant while growing. Philof. Tranf. N°. 248.

p. 2.

TUI, in zoology, a name by which fome call the paroqucite. The word is originally Brafilian ; and the names of feveral of the Brafilian fpecies of this bird, defcribed by Marggrave, have the word Tui as a part of them ; as the tuiete, the tui- para, the tuitirica, and tuiaputejuba. See the article Tuiete, &c.

TUIAPUTEJUBA, in zoology, the name of a Brafilian fpe- cies of paroquette, all over of a green colour, but in different fhades, very deep on the wings, very pale and fomewhat yellowifh on the belly, and of a faint colour all over the reft of the body. Its tail is very long ; it is about the fize of a Z z z z fwallow i