Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 2.djvu/684

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foon found the way of ufing hogs to fearch them Out 4 but thefe being a fort of unmanageable animal, dogs were found, which would fupply their place with more certainty, and much lefs trouble. Mem. Acad. Sc'ien. Paris, An. 1711.

TRUFFL£-/foraj, in natural hiftory, a fpecies of fly-worm which is found in Truffles, and lives in and feeds on them, till the time it undergoes the common metamorphofis of thefe creatures, for the production of a fly, like that from the egg of which it was hatched.

Thefe are a great nufance to the Truffles, and often wholly fpoil them ; on premng them in this (late with the finger, one may ufually perceive fome places give way, and on open- ing thefe the worms are found.

They are Very fmall, and have two brown fpots, eafily dif- tinguifhable near their hinder end ; which are the two pofterior ftigmatai They are all over white, and very tranfparent ; arid one may very eafily diftinguilh the two black Italics of their two hooks, with which they tear the fubftance of the Truffle, as the other fpecies do their food : the anus in thefe is very vifible, and is placed near the extremity, and under the belly ; the creature fecrets from this a whitiih vi!cid mat- ter, which is a great means of haftening the corrupting of the Truffle : while in the Truffle, thefe worms are always fur- rounded with this vifcid matter ; but when they have arrived at their full growth, which is ufually in a few days, they then leave the Truffle, and go to fcek fome proper place, where they may reft during the time of their transformation; they enter the earth for this purpofe, and twelve hours after they have gone into it they are transformed into an egg-fhaped (hell, of a chefnut- brown, of the fame fort with that of the blue flefh-fly. This (hell is in thefe, as in all the other infects of the fame clafs, made of their proper (kin ; what it has particular is, that it is fomewhat flatted, efpecially at the anterior end ; and alt the way down this flatted part, on each fide, it is bordered by a fort of band or filament, like that on each fide at the anterior end of the fhells of the common flefh-fly worm. The ftigmata are placed in a line with thefe, and the ante- terior ones terminate them ; at the middle of the anterior end, there are feveral folds, like a purfe when drawn together, which encompafs the opening by which the firft ring is drawn in at the time of the formation of this fiiell. Thefe are the worms in a manner peculiar to the Truffles ; but befide thefe, they often furnifh nourifbment to another fpecies, very common in mufhrooms of the ordinary eatable kind, and which has a yellow body and a black cruftaceous head. Reaumur's Hift. Inf. Vol. 4. p. 374.

TRUMPE, in ichthyology, a name given by fome of the En- glifh writers, to that fpecies of whale, called by the gene- rality of authors cete, and balana major. It is, according to the new fyftem of Artedi, one of the cato- dons ; and is diftingu'ilhed from the other fpecies of that ge- nus, by having the fiftula fituated in the neck : the Dutch call this the pot whale-fifh. See the articles Catodon, and Baljen a.

TRUMPET {Cycl.) — TRUMPET-ftewr, Bignonla, in bo- tany, the name of a genus of plants, the characters of which are thefe : The flower is compofed of only one leaf, of a tubular form, wide open at the mouth ; and feeming as if bilabiated : from the flower-cup arifes a piftil, which is fixed 111 the manner of a nail to the hinder part of the flower; this afterwards becomes a fruit or pod, divided into two cells by a longitudinal membrane, and containing flatted and uiually alated feeds.

The fpecies of Bignonia enumerated by Mr. Tournefort are thefe: 1. The afh-leaved American Bignonla, with great fcarlet- flowers. 2. The afh-leaved trcc-Bignonla of America, with yellow flowers. 3. The fhort-podded American Big- noma, with tendrils to the ftalks. 4. The long-podded Ame- rican Bignonla, with long tendrils to the ftalks. 5. The two- leaved climbing American Bignonla, with long and broad pods, and broad feeds. 6. The bifoliate-climbing American Bigno- nla, with fweet-fcented, violet-coloured flowers, and dry, oval fruit. 7. The bifoliate-climbing American Bignonla, with purplifti-yellow, fcentlefs flowers, and hard, oval fruit.

8. The tree-Blgnonia of America, with thin box-like leaves.

9. The tree- Bignonla of America, with fingle undulated- leaves, and very long and narrow pods. 1 0. The heart-leaved tree- Bignonla, of the Eaft-Indies. n. The long-leaved Indian ttee-Blgnoriia. 12. The five-leaved Indian tree-.B;,£-- nonia, with a rofe-coloured flower, and flat pods. 13. The frnaller five-leaved Indian irec-Bignonla, with a rofe-coloured flower, and angular pods. Tourn. Inft. p. 164.

Trumpet-S^//, Buccinwn, in natural hiftory, the name of a large genus of (hells, the characters of which are thefe ; they are univalve fhells of the form of a Trumpet, according to old pictures ; with a wide belly, and a large, broad, and elon- gated mouth. They have a diftinct and regular tail, ufually long, tho' fometimes fhort ; they have a crooked beak, and the clavcilc' is often elevated, tho' fometimes deprefled and contabulated. See Tab. of Foflils, Clafs 9. The family of the Bucclna, when examined ever fo ftrictly, is very large ; but according to the general cuftom of authors, of confounding together feveral genera under the name, it is

ufually made to appear much larger than it really is. lAfter has made it comprehend a vaft number of (hells, bv con- founding with it the families of the murex and purpura. It is not indeed peculiar to this author, to have confounded thefe genera ; thofe who went before him have done the fame : and Pliny has comprifed the buccinum, murex, and purpura, under the general name cttyx*

To avoid the general confufion, which arifes from not diftin- guifhing the families of the buccinum, murex, purpura, and vis, or fcrew-fhell, it will be proper to obferve, that there are regular characters, which diftinguilh them all, one from an- other : the characters are thefe :

The buccinum differs from xhepurpura, in that it hasaverylong mouth of an oval figure, and has an elevated head ; whereas the purpura has a round mouth, and a head fomewhat flatted. The tail of the purpura is alfo ufually furrowed, and is Charter than that of the bucclnums.

The buccinum differs alfo from the murex in having a longer tail, by the fmoothnefs and variety of colours of its coat, and by having a larger mouth lefs rurnifhed with teeth ; the murex having a frnaller and longer-fhaped mouth, its fur face covered with points or fpires, and feveral teeth.

It is eafier to diftinguifh the Buccinum from the fcrew-fhell, as this is always more long and flender than the buccinum; it has alfo a flat mouth, and has rarely any tail. Thefe are all very large families in nature, and it is highly neceflary for the naturallits to be well acquainted with them. The moft lingular fpecies of the buccinum clafs, is one that has its mouth turned the contrary way to all other (hells : this has been thence called by authors, the unique and the fans par ei lie. Aldrovand is of opinion, that the bucclna may be ranked among the bivalve fhells ; becaufe they have an operculum, or fhelly fubftance, fixed to the end of their body, which occafionally flops up the aperture of the mouth ; but if this were a fufficient reafon we fhould have many more ge- nera to add to the bivalves, particularly the fnails of feveral kinds.

The bucclna generate in the warm months, and fome fpe- cies of them are feen very frequently remaining in pairs to- gether, upon the rocks deferred by the tide on that occalion. Thefe have been thence fuppofed to be of a different genus, and have been called bucclna littoralia ; they are ufually found in copulation early in the morning. Rumphius, de Teft. Aldrovand. de Teft. 1. 3. c. 231. Lifter, Hilt. Animal. Angl. p. 158.

The fpecies of the bucclna being very numerous, they are arranged under feveral diftinct heads, according to certain obvious diftinctions ; and are as follow : 1. Of the bucclna with long diftinct tails and oblong mouths, there are thefe fpecies. 1. The great brownifh white, contubulated, and tuberous buccinum, 2. The fmall brown furrowed buccinum. 3. The buccinum with double and dentated lips. 4. The buccinum called the tower of Babel, 5. The red-fpotted buc- cinum, 6. The Perfian buccinum. y. The radiated bucci- num, with broad, blackifh- red fpots. 8. The buccinum fafci- ated and undulated on each fide, with a dentated columella.

9. The thick buccinum, with oblong and fpotted tubercles.

10. The ftriated and bottle buccinum. It is to be obferved that when the laft fpecies but one is polifhed, the lofs of its outer coat gives it a very different appearance j and it is found in many of the cabinets of the curious, variegated wuh blue and whitiih -brown fpots. 11, The buccinum, with a conta- bulated and pulvinated clavicle. 12. The ftriated buccinum, with three tuberous eminences. 1 3. The coftatcd and ftriated buccinum.

Of the bucclna with a fhort tail and a wide mouth, we have the following known fpecimens : 1. The hairy buccinum of Rumphius. 2. The thick buccinum called Midas's ear, with a dentated columella : this when polifhed aflumes a very dif- ferent appearance, and is found in many cabinets under the name of the agate buccinum, as it carries a great refemblance of that (tone. 3. The grey wide mouth buccinum : this alfo when polifhed aflumes a very different appearance, and is fpotted and lineated in an elegant manner ; tho' wholly plain while it has its outer coat. 4. The undulated and ftriated bucci- num. 5. The buccinum covered with pointed tubercles placed in regular order. 6. The deprefled umbilicated buccinum^ with the lip and columella both dentated. 7. The yellow umbilicated buccinum. 8. The fans par ei I, or buccinum with the mouth opening the contrary way to all the other. 9. The alated and punctuated buccinum. 10. The tuberous buccinum, with two high ribs. 11. The rough furrowed buccinum, with a thick lip and an oval mouth. 1 2. The hermit buccinum ; this ufually has the hermit-fifh, a kind of fmall crab in it, and has its clavicle full of fmall balani.

Of the bucclna which have long and erect clavicles, thefe are the following known fpecies: 1. The Chinefe town fhell, with a dentated columella. 2. The buccinum furrounded with red and white fafcias. 3. The buccinum called tiara or papal crown, with the columella and lip dentated. 4. The mitre or plume buccinum. 5. The yellowifh buccinum, with a den- tated columella. 6. The buccinum with zones of brown and yellow. 7. The great triton buccinum. 8. The wide

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