Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 2.djvu/681

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fifli or aftrophyte ; whofc rays are thirteen in number, where they firft leave the body, and each divides into rhany more. TRIS-DIAPASON, Triple-Diapafon, hi mufic, what is other- wife called a "Triple eighth, TRISE, atfea, the feamen's word, for haling up any thing with a dead rope, or one that doth nut run in a block, but is pulled by hand or by main ftrength : thus if any cafk, chert, or other goods hath only a rope fattened to it, and fo without a tackle be pulled up into a fhip by hand, they fay it is trifed up. TRISET/E, the three-haired flies, a term ufed by the writers in natural hiftory, to exprels a certain genus of the feticaudre, or brittle-tailed flies, which are diftinguifhed from the rctt, .by having three hairs or briftles growing from the tail : there are feveral kinds of thefe flies, found frequently among our hedges. TRISMUS, in ichthyology, a name given by Salvian, Benedic- ts Jovius, and others, to that fpecies of the gadi, which we call the eelpout, and authors in general the mujiela fiwoia- tilts. TRISPERMUM, in pharmacy, the name of a cataplafm or pultice, confuting of three ingredients, thefe are cummin, and opium feed, and bay-berries. TRISSA, in zoology, a name ufed by fome authors, for the fifti more commonly known by the name of alaufa, and cal- led in Englifh /had-, or the mother of herring. Rondelet. de Pifc. p. 21. See the articles Alausa, and Agonus. TRISTO, a word ufed by Paracelfus, to exprefs what he calls the material fire ; lodged in the matter of all the four ele- ments, and exerting upon occafion its influence, under the form of the proper effects of each element. TRITiEOPHYES, a word ufed by the medical writers of the antients, to exprefs a kind of fever, much of the nature of the tertian, and taking its rife from it. TRITE {Cycl.) — This chord of the antient tetrachord, was fo named from its being the third from the nete ; and hence we might call it the anti-penultimate. It was otherwife in fome tetrachords called parypate. See the arti- cles Parypate, Diagram, and Nete. Trite Diczeugmenon, in the Greek mufic, was the anti-pe- nultimate note of the diezeugmehon tetrachord, and anfwers to Guido's c, fol, fa, ut. Wallis, Append. P totem. Harm, p. 157. See the article Diagram. Trite Hyperboleeon, in the Greek mufic, Was the anti-penul- timate note of the hyperbolzeon tetrachord, and anfwers to Guide's f, fa> liti Wallis^ Append; Ptoiem>. Harm. p. 157. See the article Diagram. Trite Synemenon, in the Greek mufic-, Was the anti-penul- timate note of the fynemenon tetrachord ; and anfwers to Guido's b, fa. Wallis, Append. Ptolem. Harm. p. 157. See the article Diagram. TRITHEH7E, in church hiftory, a name given to fuch here- tics, as admit not only of three perfons, but of three diftinct fubftances and natures, in the holy Trinity. See the article Trinity, and Tritheism, CycU TRITICUM, Wheats in the Linnaean fyftem of botany, makes a diftinct genus of plants, the dittinguiihing character of which is, that the calyx is a glume containing feveral flowers, com- pofed of two valves, and containing the flowers arranged into a fhort fpike j the valves are of an oval figure, and obtufe ; the flower is bivalve and of the fize of the cup ; the valves are nearly of the fame fize, and the exterior is bellied, obtufe and pointed, and the interior fmooth and flat ; the ftamina are three capillary filaments ; the antherae are oblong and fplit at the ends j the germen of the piftil is of a turbinated form ; the ftyles are two, capillary, and reflex j the ftigmata are plu- mofe ; the flower inclofcs the feed till ripe, and then opens and lets it out ; the feed is fingle, oval, and oblong, obtufe at both ends, and convex on one fide, and marked with a deep furrow on the other. Whatever plant has all thefe characters, whether the grain be eatable or not, is properly a wheat. Linnai Genera Plantarum, p. 16. TRITON Avis, in zoology, a name under which Nieremberg has defcribed a bird of the Weft-Indies, famous for its fine finging, and found in Hifpaniola ; it is faid to have three dif- ferent notes, and to be able to give breath to founds of all three kinds at the fame time j it is alfo faid to be a very beau- tiful bird. Ray's Ornithol. p. 299. TRITOPATORIA, ffflmmfrt*; in antiquity, a folemnity in which it was ufual to pray for children, to the ©soi yewtatoi, or god' 's of ' generation ■> who were fomettmes called T§iW«V$es. Potter, Archaol. Grsec. T. 1. p. 434. TRITTVARCHI, t ? .tW ?z .,., among the Athenians, were magiftrates who had the command or government of the third part of a tribe. Potter, Archseol. Gra;c. T- 1. p. 78. See the article Phyl arch us. TRITURATION, {Cycl.)— Mr. Lindern relates two obferva- tions, which contradict the doctrine of violent Trituration, faid to be performed bytheftomach indigeftion. 1. A dog having fwallowed a die, vomited it up again eleven or twelve hours after, when the bony part of the die was much dimi- nifhed, but the pins of wood, on which the fpots are marked, were entire, and ftood out a confiderable way from the bone. 2. Three ttomachs of fwine, were cruited fo thick over their Suppl. Vol. II.

interior furface with a ftony fubftancc, that al! their cavity was filled, except a canal in the middle, of about an inch diameter. Notwithstanding this, the flefh of the creature was fair and found, and fold well. Hift. de L* Acad, dea Sciences. 1732. TRIUMFETTA, in botany, the na hie of a geniis of plants, the characters of which are thefe: Thefe is no cup unlcfs the flower itfelf be called fo ; this confifts of five ftrait erect concave petals, obtufe at the ends and bending back- wards^ and have a prominent poirit within the leaf, below the apex ; thefe fall foon after they open, whence they ap- pear rather the petals of a flower, than the leaves of a cup; the ftamina are fixteen erect fubulated filaments, of equal height and of the length of the flower ; the anthers: are fimple j the germen of the piftil is roundifh ; the ftyle is fimple, and of the length of the ftamina ; and the ftigma is bifid and acute ; the fruit is a globular capfule, every way befet with crooked prickles, and containing within it four cells, in each of which are two feeds, convex on one fide, and angular on the other. It is very rarely, however, that more than one feed comes toi maturity in the fame cell. Linwa't Genera Plant, p. 243. Plumici-, Gen. 8. TROADENSE Mariner, a name given by the antients, to a fpecies of white marble, dug in mount Ida, and greatly ufed in building; TROCHiLUS, [Cyc].)— Trochilus, in zoology; a name ufed by Ariftotle, Pliny, and others of the antient naturalifts, for the regu/ns erijiatus, or, as we call it^ the golden-crowned wren. Ray's Ornithol. p. 163. See RegUlus. Trochilus is alfo the name of a remarkable water-bird, being very long legged, yet web-footed. It is a very fwift runner on the ground, and is thence called by the Spaniards corri%a. Its beak is ftrait and black at the end, and the opening of its mouth very widej it has black eyes, furrounded by a white naked membrane, and that by a brown one. On its under part it is white; its back, moulders, and wings, are of a ferrugineous colour ; its run- ning is fo very fwift as to equal the flight of moft birds. Al- drovand, de Avib. 1. 19. c. 35. TROCHISCI e Nitro, a form of medicine, prefcribed in the late London difpenfatory, the preparation is thus : Take purified nitre four ounces, fine fugar a pound, re- duce them to fine powder, and make them up into Tro- ches, with mucilage of gum tragacanth. Pemberlon's Lond. Difp. p. 323. m

Trochisci e Sulphure, a form of medicine, prefcribed in the late London pharmacopoeia, and made in this manner : Take of flower of fulphur wafhed two ounces, of double refined fugar four ounces ; beat them together, and by gradually ad- ding mucilage of quince-feed^ form Troches. Pembcrton's Lond. Difp. p. 324. TROCHIT^E {Cycl.)— Thefe fingle joints of the entrochus are found in fome places in fuch Valt numbers, as to make people fufpect that they could never have been fo ftrangely collected together, if they ever had been of animal origin ; but this is one of the many too ram conclufions of the mo- dern naturalifts.

If we confider the vaft number of arrris or branches, of which the ftar-fifh confifts, whence thefe are produced, it will not a little tend to folve the difficulty : but if after this we confider the manner of life of the animal, we fhall find yet more reafon to be fatisfied, that the number of thefe fof- fils is no argument againtt their being its remains. The fpecies of ftar-fifh, whence they have their origin, is famous for the immenfe, and indeed amazing, number of its arms ; each of thefe arms is compofed of an immenfe number of thefe fingle joints, and the creatures while living ufually herd together ; and it frequently happens that in grafping after their prey, an arm or limb breaks off; the confequence of this is, that wherever the mutilated limb touches the arm of another fifti of the fame kind with its truncated end, it adheres and grows to it, fo as never to be feparated again : thus the two fifh are for ever fattened together. As they are continually reaching out their arms in fearch of prey, this accident often happens among them ; and it is not unufual to find a clutter, of twenty or more, of them thus growing together, and with their expanded arms forming a fort of net. Now if it be confidered, what a large number of fingle joints or Trochitee, go to the formation of the thicker part of one arm ; and how immenfe a number of arms, fuch a clufter as this poiTefles, from fo many fifh, each furnifhed with fo large a number, we fhall find, that the dif-united joints of one fuch clufter as this, fcattered over a ftratum of clay, would appear an amazing number : how much more then, the produce of twenty, fifty, or a hundred fuch, which it is no wonderful thing 'mould be found in one place, fince they are grega- rious animals.

The comparifon of a fingle Trochite, or cntrochas, with the arm of this recent ftar-fifh, will at once evince the truth of this account of their origin, and the great error of thofe who have fuppofed them of a vegetable nature, and called them rock-plants. Kepellits, Epift. de Entroch. See the ar- ticle Entr.ochi. !,„« Xxxk TRO-