Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 2.djvu/678

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bred kind. Of thofe with narrower fibres, there are, i. A flefh-coloured fpecies, with very little glofs, found in many parts of Yorkfhire, and worth enquiring after, as it readily burns to a very fine plafter, like the gypfums. 2. A dull- looking white fpecies, with very fiiort though continued fila- ments, found in the pits of red marl in Derbyfhire, and elfe- where. And, 3. A greenifh white kind very glofly, with ftrait narrow and continued filaments. This is a very fcarce fpecies, but is found foinetimes in the marl-pits of Derbyfhire and on the fhores of Yorkfhire, having been wafhed out of the cliffs by the waves in high tides. All thefe fpecies burn very readily to a fine plafter, like the gypfums j and fome of them are found in particular places in fuch great abundance, that it would be a very advantageous th&g to collect and burn them. Hill's Hift, of Foff. p. 90.

TRICHESTRUM, in natural hiftory, the name of a genus of foffils, of the clafs of the felenitae, but differing extremely in figure and ftmcture from the common kinds. The word is derived from the Greek rsf%n, hairs or filaments, and drUpt a ftar ; and exprefles a fet of bodies compofed of fi- laments arranged into the form of a ftar. The felenit;e of this genus are compofed of filaments fcarce any where vifibly arranged into plates or fcales, but difpofed in form of a radi- cated ftar, made of a number of disjunct ftrijE. See Tab. of Fofiils, Clafs 2. Hill's Hift. of Foff. p: :I23. Of this genus there is only one known fpecies, which is of a pale brown, and is compofed of extremely fine and flender fi- laments. It is formed like the lepaftrum in the accidentally open cracks in the feptaria, or ludus Helmontii, and is no other way different from the bodies of that genus, than as in all the felenifie the plates they are compofed of are made up of filaments nicely arranged, in this as in fome other of thole bodies, the filaments have never arranged themfelves into plates at all, but are difpofed into the form of a ftar com- pofed of finglc threads. This body very readily and regularly fpfits according to the arrangements of the fibres, and is in fome pieces tolerably pellucid. It is found only in. one place, fo far as is yet known, which is under the cliffs of Sheppy- ifland in Kent ; where it is confiderably plentiful, and makes a very elegant figure on the broken mafles of feptaria, which aie in immenfe numbers itrewed upon the fhorc. Hill's Hift. of Foff. p. 150.

TRICHIASIS, in medicine, the name of a diftemperature of the eyes, in which the eye-lids are inverted, and in which the eye-laflies hurt and irritate the eyes. . • The cilia or margins of the eye-lids are fometimes inverted fo as greatly to irritate the fenfible coats of the eye, and bring on Jntenfe pains and inflammation, which, without timely aflift- ance, may greatly injure, if not totally deftroy the fight. This dilbrder is generally owing to accident, as the irregular cicatrix left on the part from a burn, the fmall-pox, an ulcera- tion, or wound, or fome other external injury. But fome- times a relaxation of the flrin, and a paralytic diforder of the eye-lids, arc the chief caufes of it.

■ Whatever caufe it is from, it is always difficult enough to be remedied ; for it is hardly poflible for the furgeon to remove it, fo as to prevent its returning, without extirpating the of- . fending hairs ; and if thefe be cut off clofe, it will be to no purpofe, becaufe the rigid flumps of the hairs will irritate the eye even worfe than the whole hairs did before. It is a very nice operation alone that can make a cure ; here the hairs mult be pulled up fingly b.y the roots, and the places of their infer- tion ftngly cauterized with a hot broad-pointed needle ; but this the patient will feldom fubmit to, and the only remaining method then, is to fill up the finus's out of which they w^re extracted with the lapis infer nalis. But in this the greatcft care mull be taken, that no part of that application get into the eye. The eafieft method is the touching the cavities, out of which the hairs have been pulled up, with a pencil-brufh dipped in a mixture of fpirit of fal-armoniac and highly recli- fied fpirit of wine, by which means they will clofe up, and no more hairs will grow from them. Heijler's Surgery, p.

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TRICHIDES, in zoology, a name ufed by the antients, for a fifh of the harengi-form kind, probably the pilchard, which they called alio Sardinia and Sardeila, Ip'illughbfs Hift. Pifc. p. 224.

TRICHOMANES, in the Linnasan fyftem of botany, the name of a genus of capillary plants, defcribed by Plumier ; the characters of which are thefe: On the margin of the leaves Hands a fingle erect turbinated cup, and a ftylus in the. man- ner of a brittle terminates at the capfule. The plants of this genus are very different from what other authors call the Trichomanes ; which, according to Linnaeus, is not a diflinct genus of plants, but is a fpecies of afplenium. See Tab. I. of Botany, Clafs 16. and the article Asplenium. The characters of this genus, according to Mr. Tournefort, are thefe. The flowers are not difcovered, but the feeds grow in cluftcrs on the backs of the leaves, as in fern. 1 he leaves are compofed of little ufually roundifh leaves, which grow by pairs along a middle rib.

The fpecies of Trichomanes, enumerated by Mr. Tournefort, are thefe: 1. The common Trichomanes, 2. The Tricho- manes, with leaves elegantly jagged. 3. The fmall tender

Trichomanes. 4. The great branched Trichomanes* 5. The Trichomanes with round dents, furrounded by a black rim. 6. Tlie Trichomanes* with leaves lightly prickly. 7. The Trichomanes, N with triangular crenated leaves. 8. The Tricho- manes with heart- fafhioned leaves, g. The lefier branched Trichomanes* 10. The Trichomanes* with leaves partly bifid, partly whole. 11. The broad -leaved dentated Trichomanes. 12. The pendulous foft and filky Trichomanes. 13. Thefil- very Trichomanes, black at the edges. 14. The Trichomanes with bifid indentings.

The fruit of the Trichomanes is a roundifh capfule, of a "mem- branaceous texture, and covered with a fort of fcales ; thefe are furrounded with an elaftic ring, by the contraction of which they are burft, and the feeds thrown out. Toitrn. Inft.

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This plant ferves with us, as a fuccedaneum for the true adian- tum, or maiden-hair, which is not a native of England^ and by the careleffnefs of our druggilts is feldom brought over to us. The whole plant, ftalks and leaves together are ufed, and the virtues are in their greateft perfection, if it be gathered in the month of September ; it it is fpoken of by all authors, as a good medicine in difeafes of the breaft and lungs, and is much recommended by fome in the ftone and gravel. Dale, Pharm.

TRICHOSANTHES, in botany, the name given by Linnseus to a genus of plants, called by Plumier, Micheli, and others, anguina : the characters are thefe : It produces male and fe- male flowers, on diflinct parts of the fame plant ; in the male flowers, the perianthium is one leaved, clavated, and very long ; it is fmooth on the fur face, and has a fmall mouth re- flected backwards, and divided into five fegments. The flower is divided alio into five fegments, it is fixed to the cup, and is plain and expanded; the fegments are of a lance- olated oval figure, and are fringed at their edges, with a great number of long and branched hairs: the ftamina- are three very fhort filaments, reaching to the top of the "cup; and each anthera is an oblong erect cylindric body, furrounded above and below with a line containing a large quantity of farina. There are in this flower three ftyles, which are very fmall, and grow to the fides of the cup, but they are al- ways abortive. In the female flower, the perianthium is the fame as in the male, but it f lands in this upon the germen of the piltil, and ibon perifhes ; the flower is the fame with the male j the piftil has an oblong and flender germen, and has a capillary ityle, arifing from it, of the length of the cup; the ftigmata are three in number, they are long, pointed, and gaping in the middle ; the fruit is an extremely long pomum, and contains three cells, very remote one from another : the feeds arc very numerous, and are compreflcd, and of an ob- tufely oval form, and covered with a coat. Linnai Genera Plant, p. 466.. Micheli* Nov. Gen. p. 9. Plumier, Rar. p. 100. Hort. Malab. Vol. 8- p. 157.

TRICHOSTEMA, in botany, the name of a genus of plants, the characters of which are thefe: The perianthium is com- pofed of one leaf, and is bilablated ; the upper lip is divided into three fegments, and is twice as large as the under one, which is divided only into two. The flower confifls of one petal, and is of the Isolated kind ; its tube is very fhort ; its upper lip is compreiied and falcated, and the lower is divided into three fegments, the middle one is oblong, and is the fmalleft of the whole ; the ftamina are four capillary fila- ments, they are crooked and extremely long, two of them are fomcthing fhorter than the others ; the antherse are fimple ; the germen of the piftil is divided into four parts ; the flyle is capillary and of the length of the ftamina ; and the fligma is bifid ; the cup remains after the flower is fallen, and then becomes larger and the upper lip falls over the under one, it then becomes diftended in the middle and clofed at the mouth, and contains four feeds. Linnai Gen. Plant, p. 265.

TR1CHOURI, in natural hiftory, a term ufed by fome authors to exprefs fuch flies, as have one or more hairs growing out at their tails ; thefe are called alfo feticaudze, and are diftin- guifhed into three genera, as they have one, two, or three hairs growing out at the tail. See the article Seticaudje.

TRICHRUS, in natural hiftory, the name of a ftone defcribed by the antients, and faid to yield three colours ; in their com- mon way of preparing bodies of this kind for medicinal ufe, (which was by rubbing them down on a porphiry, or other hard ftone with water) this firft coloured the water black, then red, and laftly white. It feems to have been a kind of hzematites, or blood-ftone.

rRlClPITIS Caput Primum, in anatomy, a name given by many authors to a mufcle of the thigh, called by Albinus ab- duclor femoris ; Douglafs calls it abdutlor primus femoris, and Winflow the mufculus primus tridpitis. It is the pars oclavi femoris of Vefalius ; that author, and indeed many others of the earlier anatomifts, not efteeming it a diflinct mufcle.

TRICOR, a name, by which fome of the chemical writers have called gold.

TRIDE, in the manege, fignifies fhort and fvvift ; thus a Trick ■pace, is a going of fhort and quick motions, tho' united and eafy. A Tride career, is a very fa ft gallop, with the times or motions fhort and nimble ; and fo of other motions.. Some apply the word only to the motion of the haunches.

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