Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 2.djvu/677

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Triangularis Pifcls, in zoology, the flame of a fea-fiih of a very remarkable figure, called in Englilh the coney-fi/h, of winch there are two (pedes, the one having two horns, the other wanting that character.

The homed kind is ufualiy fix or feven fingers .breadth long, and about three fingers broad. The tail ends in a fomewhat long fin. 1 he mouth is final], and capable only of admitting a pea. It has twelve ftrong ferratcd teeth in the upper jaw, and eight larger ones in the lower. The head riles gibboufly from the mouth to the horns ; and the back is humped in the fame manner in the middle. It has only one fmall fin near the tail. Its eyes are large, and placed near the horns. Befide the fingle fin near the tail, it has four others, the tail making one, one more being fituated on the back, and two on the belly. It has two horns like cocks fpurs, growing ftrait out of its forehead, and two others in a contrary direction, out of its belly pear the tail. It has no fcales, but has a hard fkin, white on the belly, and brown every where elfe, and won- derfully marked with trigonal, tetragonal, and pentagonal and hexagonal figures. The fpecies which has no horns, has a broader belly, a longer tail, and is marked all over its body only with hexangular figures, and innumerable fmall tuber- cles. Its belly is yellowifh, and the reft of its body of a grey- ifllorbrownift yellow. The mouth is narrow, and the teeth taiall ; five in the under, and eleven in the upper jaw. The eyes are large and round. It is hollow, and has very little fieftl. See Tab. of Fiflles, N°. 68.

Both thofe fpecies are caught among the rocks, on the fhores of the ifland of Java, and are fometimes eaten by the inhabi- tants, being iirft (kimied. Cluf. Exot. L. 6. c. 27. Wil- lugbtys Hilt. Pifc. p. 150. '

Triangularis Splenli, in anatomy, a name given by Spigc- lius and others, to a mufclc of the head called by Window, the upper portion of the /plexitis, or fuperur majioidecus, and by Albinus, the /planus capitis. The old authors have de- scribed it under the name of the primus caput moventium.

TR1BULAS I'RUM, in botany, a name given by Iuflieu to a genus of plants, face called' by Lmna:us neurada. See the article Neurada.

TRIBULOIDES, in botany, the name of a genus of plants, the charaflers of which are thefe : The flower is of the rofa- ceous kind, being compofed of a number of petals, arranged in a circular form. From the cup arifes a piffil, which finally becomes, together with the cup, a roundilh prickly unicapfu- lar fruit, containing a feed like a chefnut. The prickles of the fruit are only the leaves of the cup become rigid. There is only one known fpecies of this plant, which is the water Tribuloides, commonly called the water Tribulus. The ker- nel of the fruit is eatable.

TRIBULUS, Caltrop, in botany, the name of a genus of plants, the characters of which are thefe : The flower is of the rofaceous kind, confuting of feveral leaves, arranged into a circular form. From the cup arifes a piffil, which after- wards becomes a forr of cruciform or turbinated fruit, com- pofed of fevetal parts, each ending in a prickly point, and all collected into a firm head, and containing obkmg feeds. The fpecies of Tribulus, enumerated by Mr. Tournefort, are thefe: 1. The chich-leavcd land Tribulus, with prickly feed- veffels. 2. The great prickly-headed land Tribulus of Cu- raflb 3. The long-leaved Armenian Tribulus, with turbi- nated heads. And 4. The vetch-leaved hairy Tribulus of the Eaft-lndies. Town. Inft, p. 265.

Tribulus Marines, the Ccdtrop-Sbell, in natural hiftory, the name of a peculiar fpecies of the purpura. It is of a whitilh. colour, and has three rows of fpines. See the article Purpura.

TRIBUNES o/tbe People, (Cycl.) in antient Rome, byvirtue of their office, claimed and exercifed a power of fummoning the fenate at any time, whenever the affairs of the people required it, though the confuls themfelvej were in the city. It has been taken for granted, on the authority of Valerius Maximus that the Tribunes of the people, on their firlt creation, were not admitted into the fenate, but had feats placed for them

before the doors in the veftibule. But we

may reafonably

conclude, that a magillrate fo ambitious and powerful, who could controul, by his fingle negative, whatever palled within doors, would not long be content to fit without. Diony/. Halic. x. 31. M'ddlct. of Rom. Senat. p. 129. Val. Max. 1. 2. c. 27.

A. Gellius fays, that they were not made fenators before the law of Atinius ', who is fuppofed to be C. Atinius Labeo, Tribune of the people, A. U. 623. "; but that cannot poffi- bly be true, hnce it is evident from the authority of Dionyfius, that near four centuries before, the Tribunes, by the mere weight, and great power of their office, had gained an actual admiffion into the fenate, within two years after their firlt: creation ' ; in which we find them debating and enforcing, with great warmth, the demands of the commons, for a liberty of intermarriages with the nobles, and the choice of a plebeian conful *. So that the intent of this Atinian law could not be, as it is commonly iindcrttood, that the Tribunes fhould be fe- nators i,i virtue of their office, for that thsy had been from the beginning ; but that for the future they (hould always be cbofen out of the body of the fenate, or,' which is the'fame Suppl. Vol. II.

T R t

d! 'r\ S ' ? at ~ r ,, hok Who llad alread V borne the office of quzftor '. —[//. Get. i 4. g. b v. p igbi i Anm] A. 'u. 6 „

rZL'T Xm V- D ''°" 3 J- xi - 57- ' Miadleton, of Kom. ben. p. 45.] '

7 fiS^f^ ~J RICS " p rimus, a flefhy and flat mufcle, lituatcd between the os pubis and the whole length of the os lemons; the firft and fecond crofs each other in fuch a man- ner, as that the mulcle which is the firft on the us pubis, be- nrdT d ° n thC ° S fcmoris i bLt tlle tnird k «P s '«

The Triceps primus is fixed above by a fhort tendon to the tuberofity or fpine of the os pubis, and to the neighbouring part of the fymphyfis, its fibres mixing a little with thofe of tlie pectmeus. From thence it runs down, increasing in breadth, and is inferred by flefhy fibres interiorly in the middle po"i»n of the linea femoris afpera. At the lower part of this mfertion a portion of the mufclc feparates from the reft, and lends off a long tendon, which, together with a like ten- eon o, the Triceps tertius, is inferred In the inner condvle of 2oV' Xtrcm ' ty ° f tl>e ° S fcm ° riS ' m "J lot "' s Anatomy, p.

Tri c eps ficundus, a flefhy and flat mufcle, fixed above by Hefty fibres below the fuperior infertion of the Triceps primus in all the outfide of the inferior ramus of the os pubis, as low as the foramen ovale ; but fcldom fo low as the ramus of the os ilenmm. Fins inlertion is broader than that of the former mulcle. from rhence it runs down, and is inferted in the upper part of the hnea afpera, between the pcftineus and Jnceps primus, mixing a little with each of thofe mufcles. mis inlertion appears fometimes divided. Wmfllm's Anat. p. 208. J

Trice ps tertius, a flefhy and flat mufcle, fixed above by flefhy fibres to the anterior part of all the fhort ramus of the ilehium, and to a fmall part of the tuberofity of that bone ; this in- lertion covers tome part of the tendon of the femi-membra- nolus ; from thence it runs down and is inferted by flefhy fi- bres in the linea afpera, aim oft from the little trochanter down to the middle of the os femoris.

It goes lower down than the firft Triceps, fending off a fepa- rate portion, like that of the fecundus. Thefe two portions join together and form a common .tendon, which running down to rhe lower extremity of the os femoris is inferted in the back part of the tuberofity of the inner condyle ; this fe- parate portion is fometimes large enough to be miftaken for a diftmit mufcle, making a quadriceps inftead of a Triceps la all tins progrefs this mufcle is joined to the vaftus inter- ims by a perforated aponeurofis, through which the blood- veffcls pals. Wmjltmfs Anatomy, p. 208.

TRICHECHUS, in ichthyology, a name given by Artedi to the creature commonly called the manati, or fea-cow. He makes it a dittinct genus of the plagiuri or cetaceous fifties ; the characters of which are thefe: The teeth are flat and (land in each jaw, and there is no fin on the back. This creature grows to twelve or fifteen foot in length, and to fix or feven foot in breadth. The head is oblong and cylindric, and more reiembles that of a bog than any other creature's. The eyes are fmall, there are fmall apertures in the head bv way of ears, and the lips are very thick ; two teeth fluid out on each fide, of the thickntfs of a man's thumb, and five or fix inches long. The peaoial fins are two, and ftand on the bread ; they are compofed of five diftinfl bones refembling fingers, joined together by a membrane ; each bone has three articulations. The tail is placed horizontally, and there is no fin upon the back : In the females there are two round breaits placed between the pedoral fins. The parts of generation are like thofe of the human fpecies in both the male and female ; and there is a navel. The fkin is hard, and almoft impenetrable ; the hairs are few, and of a greyifh colour. The creature lives about the openings of great rivers into the fca, and feeds on grafs and fea-plaats. The flefh is white and well tafted. It makes a noife, and is faid to be eafily tamed, and to love the human fpecies. Its great enemies are the crocodile and the fhark, both which are very fond of its flefh. Artedi Gen. Pifc. 61. Linr.ai Svftein. Nat p. 5.

Xhe name is originally Greek, and is formed of the words Sjfl, a hair, and i^fst, a fifh. It is given this fifh to exprefs its being hairy ; as it is almoft the only fifh in the world that has a title to this adjective hairy.

TRICHERFrE, in natural hiftory, the name of a genus of foflils, of the clafs of the librarian; the characters of which are, that they are not elaltic, and are compofed of ftrait and continuous filaments. See Tab. of Foflils, Clafs 1. The word is derived from the Greek Tgt^jj, capillaments or fibres. 'Fhe bodies of this genus are divided into thofe which have broader, and thofe which have narrower filaments ; and there are fix known fpecies of it : I. The gypfum ftriatum or ftriated plafter-ftone ; fee the article Gypsum Striatum. 2. A yellowifh white kind, found in the clay and gravel pits in Northamptonfhire, and elfewhcre. 3. A white kind, with foliaceous flakes, made up of feveral conjunct feries of fila- ments, and emulating the external appearance of the talcs, though wanting their characters : This is found in the ala- bafter pits of Derbyfhire. Thefe three are of the broad fi- U u u u bred