Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 2.djvu/676

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grows to three or four inches Jong, and is of a pale green, 6. The fiifciated, or double ribband- Laver ; this is of a bright green, and finely undulated. 7. The gut-Lover, commonly called the fca-chitterling : this is hollow and waved in various manners ; it is common in fak- water ditches. 8. The thready and tape-like Lover ; this is naturally of a fine green, but be- comes white with long lying on the fhores. 9. The fmall clu{\er- Lover ; this confifts of fmall and convoluted branches, forming a thick tuft ; it is of a dufky green, and is common on pebbles near the fea-fhore. 10. The jelly-like buckthorn fea-Laver ; this is common on the fides of fmall fa!t-water ditches, and is of a fine bright green 5 the branches are fome- what diftended, but not wholly cylindric. 1 1. The gelatinous fern mofs-like Lover: this is a very beautifully ramified fpecies, and grows on fmall pebbles ; it is very tender and of a beauti- ful green. 12. The tender crifp or curled ground-Lover : this of a beautiful deep green, and is very common under old walls and pales, in January, February, c9V. 13. The horned ground-Lover ; this grows to three or four inches high, and is varioufly and elegantly divided into a number of branches, or horns ; thofe are of a membranaceous ftructure, and of a pale green colour when growing, but a little yellowifh when dried : while growing, it much refembles fome of the lichen- oides. 14. The jelly rain-Lover, called nojhch. See the articleNosTOCH. 15. The black gelatinous tree-Lover, called by the country-people witches butter: this is of a dufky-red- difh black, and confiits of a thick wrinkled membranaceous fubftance ; it is common in Hcrefordfhire, and fome other countries on the barks of old trees. 16. The bladdery gelati- nous river-Lover ; this is corrugated in the manner of the mefentery, and is covered with granulous tubercles refembling feeds ; it is of a bright green, and is found in the rivers of Wales. 17. The biadder-b.eaded-.Lssv>-; this arifes from a greenilh irregular cruft, into a fort* of hollow tubercles or bladders, which at firft lie clofe upon it, but afterwards rife upon fmall pedicles ; thefe heads or bladders are diftended each by a drop of water, which when it is rarified by the fun's heat often burfts the bladder, and the whole collapfes and looles its form. Ditlen. Hift. Mufc. p. 50. TREMOLANTE, in the glafs-trade, a name for' the prepa- ration of calcined brafs, otherwife called orpello, ufed either for afky-blue, or afea-green. Neri's Art of Glafs, p. 35. TREMOR (Cycl.) — Tremor Artuum, in medicine, adiitem- per confifting in a violent agitation of the limbs in contrary directions, owing to a deficiency of the due tone' and pro- per nifus of the affected parts. Medical writers diftinguifh this Tremor into the active and paflive ; the active is that which happens in violent paflions of terror, anger, joy, tsY. or in intermittent fevers, and is to be referred to the femi-con- vulfive motions ; the paflive are owing to a privative caufc, and are allied to the femi-paralytic affections. The paflive Tremors of the limbs, when confidered as a dif- eafe, are to be diftinguifhed from thofe,which are caufed by external accidents, fuch as the being plunged into cold water, the drinking tea, coffee, or other warm liquors, in many conftiiutions, and other fuch accidental caufes. The perfons fubject to Tremors of the limbs are principally old people, in whom the vital principle is weak and languid. Coujes. The internal caufes, are a fkecidity of the nerves and rcmiffion of the tone of the parts ; the external and acciden- tal ones are the omiffion of accuftomed evacuations, a dia- phoretic regimen, and an abufe of fpirituous liquors. Junker's Confp. Med, p. 680. Prognojtics and Method of Cure. This is ufually in old people a very obftinate complaint, and the more it is confirmed by being grown habitual, the more difficult is the cure; but if a cafe of this kind be taken in hand, as foon as it feizes the patient, and be treated in a rational manner, it is often perfectly cured. In order to this, the firft ftep muff be the perfectly cleanftng the prima via, by repeated dofes of rhubarb, or of an extract of black hellebore ; if any habitual evacuation have been omitted, as bleeding or the like, this muft be reftored in the accuftomed manner ; and if any natural flux of blood by the hemorrhoids or otherwife have flopped, this alfo muft be recalled by pro- per medicines, or by the application of leeches: after this the due tone of the parts is to be reftored by nervine medicines, as by wine impregnated with ferpyllum, lavender, fafiafras, guaiacum, and the like ingredients ; and externally by rubbing the parts with fpirit of caftor and ferpyllum, and bathing them in" decoctions of tanzy, favin, feverfew, and the like herbs. On e great rule in the cure of this difeafe, is, that the patient is to abftain from all hot things, otherwife an atrophy is eafily brought on, and proves a much worfe thing than the original diforder. Junker's Confp. Med. p. 681. TRENCHING Plough, (Cycl.) in hufbandry, the name of an inftrument ufed to cut out the trenches, drains, and carriages in meadow and pafture-ground. It is alfo ufed for cutting the fides of turf even, which are to be laid down again either in the fame, or in fome other places.

It confiits of a long handle, with a knob or button at the end, and at the other end it turns upward like the foot of a plough, to Aide in the ground. In this part is placed a coulter, of the length proportioned to the depth to be cut, and with a fharp edge; this has two wheels to make it run eafy, and does a

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great deal of bufinefs in a very little time. Mortimer's Huf- bandry. TREPAN {Cycl.) — Where it is ambiguous whether there be an extravafation of liquors, or a depreffion of the fkull, the ope- ration of the Trepan is faid to be the fafeft method. Mr. Quefnay gives us fome hiftories of the Trepan being performed fevcral times with fuccefs, for the fame difeafe ; and of large parts of the fkull being taken away, without lofs of the pa- tient's life. See Mem. de l'Acad. de Chirurg. We have the defcription and figure of a Trepan, differing from and turning more equally than the common, by Mr. Monro, in the Med. EfT. Edinb. vol. 5. art. 41. TREPANING (Cycl.)— Not only the head, but thefternum, is fometimes neceilkrily the fubject of this operation, as abfeeffes are fometimes formed under the irernum between the mem- branes of the mediaftinum, by a fall or blow, an inflamma- tion, or other caufes ; in which cafes there is hardly a poflibi- lity of difcharging the matter by any other method. 'I he great difficulty is to determine when and when not this is neceilary ; that is, when there really is an abfeefs formed there. When this is known to be the cafe, the operation is to be performed in the following manner : The patient is to be inclined backward, and a crucial incifion made in the in- teguments upon the lower part of the fternum, where the ab- feefs fometimes makes a point ; then the integuments bein°- freed from the fternum, the. Trepan is to be applied, and worked in the fame manner as in Trepaning the cranium ; and when the perforation is made, the patient is to be ffooped forward, and ordered to cough or breathe hard, in order to promote the difcharge of the matter ; and the ablcefs is after- wards to be cleanfed with detergent injections, and healed in the ufual way. Heifter's Surgery, P. 2. p. 21. TREPIGNER, in the manege, the aflion of a hcrfe who beats the dull with his fore-feet in managing, without em- bracing the volt ; and whp makes his motions and times fliort, and near the ground, without being put upon his haunches. This is generally the fault of fuch horfes as have not their fhoulders fupple, and at liberty, and withal have fcarce any motion with them. A horfe may trepigner, in going upon a ftrait line. rREbSEL {Cycl.) — Tressel-7>«i, in a fhip, are thofe timbers of the crofs-trees that Hand along fhips, or fore and aft at the tops of the mills. See the article Cross- Trees. TRESSIS, among the Romans, a copper coin equal in value

_ to three ajfes. Pitifc. in voc. See the article As, Cycl. 1 REWIA, in botany, the name of a genus of plants, the cha- rades of which are thefe : The perianthium is permanent, and is compofed of three oval reflex and coloured leaves. There are no petals. The ffamina are numerous capillary filaments, of the length of the cup. The anthers; are fimple. The germen of the piflil is placed under the cup. The ftyle is fimple, and of the length of the ftamina, and the ffigma is fimple. The fruit is a three-fquare turbinated coronated cap- . fule, formed of three valves, and containing three cells. The feeds are fingle, and are in figure convex on the one fide, and angular on the other. Limed Gen. Plant, p. 236. Hort. Mai. vol. 2. p. 42. TRIAD, Trias, (Cycl. ) among the antient My tbologifts. See

the article Ter nary. TRIANDRIA, in botany, a clafs of plants which have herma- phrodite flowers, with three ftamina or male parts in each. The word is formed of the Greek, tjk, three, and A,„ e> male. Of this clafs of plants are the valerian, faffron, a great many of the grafts, &c. See Tab. r. of Botany, Clafs 1. TRIANGLE (Cycl.)— Plutarch informs us, that Xenocrates the philofopher refembled the Deity to an equilateral Triangle, the genii to an Ifufccles, and men to a fcalcnum. A Triangle has fince been applied by Chriftians to reprefent the Tri- nity, fometimes lingle, and at other times with additional lines, exprefling a crofs. Thus we find them varioufly com- bined upon the medals of the popes, ■■ publifhed by Bonanni. And nothing was more frequent formerly with printers, than to place thefe figures in the front of their books ; at firft, doubtlefs, with a religious intent, till at length, by common ufc, they became only prefs marks, and badges of diftmclion among the trade ; as they now are with merchants, who mark their goods with them both here and abroad. Phil. Tranf. N^'. 474. Sect. 1. TRIANGULAR (Cycl.)— Triangular Leaf, among bo.

tanifts. See the article Leaf. TRIANGULARIS {Cycl.)— Triangularis Coccygis, in anatomy, a name given by Santorini, and others, to the mufcle now generally called fimply CucygeeHS. See the article Coc- CYGiEUS.

Triangularis Labiornm, in anatomy, a name given by Santorini and Winflow, to the mufcle called by Albinus de- prejfar anguli oris, and by Cowper and others, deprejjhr lalio- rurn communis.

Triangularis Penis, in anatomy, a name given by Morgagni, and others, to a fuppofed mufcle, called alfo by fome dilatator penis, and dilatator pollicus urethra! ; and by others levator ani.

It is truly no diftinfl mufcle, but a procefs of the fphincler ani running into the perinxum,

Trian-

}