Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 2.djvu/675

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headed hares-foot Trefoil. 29. The creeping globofe headed Trefoil, or bur-headed Trefoil. 30. The fmooth or woolly- headed Trefoil. 31. The larger loft-headed, or woolly-head- ed Trefoil. 32. The larger rough-headed Trefoil. 33. The fmallei' rough-headed Trefoil. 34.. The thyme-headed Tre- foil. 35. The Trefoil, with oblong rough heads. 36. The ftrawberry-7?'f/o/7, with heart-fafhioned leaves and red flowers.

37. The ftrawberry-Trf/o//, with deep violet-coloured heads.

38. The long-leaved purple ftrawberry Trefoil, which feems .only a variety of the former fpecies. 39. The reticulated

Trefoil, which buries its (czd under ground. 4c. The annual Trefoil, with heads like thofe of dodder. 41. The little pro- cumbent Trefoil, with heads covered with a thick woollyncfs. 42. The fmall hairy Trefoil^ with large feeds, and foft heads in the ala? of the leaves. 43. The Trefoil, with round heads at the knots of the ftalks. 44. The blackifh luxuriant Tre- foil, with four, five, or fix leaves on a ftalk, called the qua- drifolium hortenfe. Journ. Inft. p. 405. Trefoil, or clover, is a plant greatly efteemed by the Englifh fanners, for the great improvement it makes upon land, the goodnefs of its hay, and the value of its (eed. The great advantage of clover, or Trefoil, to the land on which it grows is, that it feeds a van; number of cattle at a time, and their dung is fo rich a manure to the ground that in two or three years time it becomes fit for corn again, though it had been ever io much exhaulted before. Clayey lands, in particular, are greatly improved by it.

There are feveral kinds of clover, but the great fortlS efteemed the beft, whofe feed is like that of muftard, except that it is more oblong. The Englifh feed is preferable to that of all other places, and the farmer fhould choofe fuch as is of a greenifh colour, with a caft of red ; that which is black ne- ver growing to well. An acre of land will require ten pound of feed, fometimes twelve pound, and it is better to fow too much than too little. It delights moft in a rich warm foil, and always thrives beft in thofe lands which have been well dunged or manured ; but the cLy- lands, which arc long in acquiring a coat of grafs, or (warding as the farmers exprefs it, and are little fubject to weeds, are of all others the beft land for clover; becaufe in thofe lands, where the common grafs grows fpeed- ily, it foon eats out the clover- Light lands are in general more fubjeet to this fudden growth of common grafs, and \ they have alfo another difadvantage in regard to the clover, which is, that they eafily wafb. away from its roots after {harp rains ; and then the roots, being left bare, are killed by the firft froft that comes ; in good grounds it will bear crops for three or four years ; but not longer than that, even in the moft proper foil., and with all the neceftary cautions, There is a very eafy method of determining what is good clover-fed and what bad ; it is only neceffary to throw it into a glafs of water, and that which finks is good, what fvvims is bad, and will never vegetate.' It is eafy, from this trial, to know what feed is to be depended upon, and what is not ; and to know what allowance is to be made in bad feeds, for the quantity loft in the proportion for every acre. The beft way of fowing of clover is, either with barley or oats after the corn is fown ; and, upon this account, the corn is to be fown fomewhat thinner than ordinary. The ufual time of fowing it, is in the end of March, or the beginning of April in a calm day ; but if the land be very dry, it is better to fow it with black oats, as early in the fpring as may be, that fo it may get up while the fpring rains laftj and be of fome ftrength before the dry weather comes. Some fow it with wheat or rye at Michaelmas ; this gives it an opportunity of fliedding its feed on the ground, and by that means, the crop ■of the next year is rendered much ftrongcr than it would have been made by any other means ; but then it is beft to be fown upon dry lands, which will bear the fowing both of the wheat and the rye upon broad ridges ; which is ufually very fuccefsful, if a mild winter follows ; but if there are long and fevere frofts, or deep fnows, it is very hazardous. Some ad- vife the fowing it alone, at Michaelmas ; which they fay makes it come up the freer from weeds, than if fown in the fpring ; and that it will get ftrength enough before winter, to fupport itfelf againft the frofts, and will grow finely in the enfuing fpring.

Some farmers fow rey-grafs with the corn at Michaelmas, and early in the fpring they fow clover, which they only cover by rolling it. The belt management of all feems to be the feeding it bare before winter comes on, and then it is fafe ; for the frofts, though they often deitroy the leaves of the clo- ver, yet never hurt its roots, unlefs they happen to He bare. About the middle of May, or at the utmoft toward the end of that month, is the time of mowing the clover for thefirft crop. This takes up more time and labour in the making into hay, than the common grafs, and muft be well attended ; but if it grow not too ftrong, it will be found exceeding rich for the fattening of cattle. The exa£t time for the cutting this firft crop is when it begins to knot, and after this fome mow two other crops before winter. Mort'uner--, Hufb. p. 32. feq. //s^-Trkfoijl, or Hop-Chver, the farmers name for the fmaller fpecies of Trefoils^ or three-leaved grafs, which they fow in many places inftcad of the large clover : it is efteemed much finer and Tweeter than the large clover, and upon fome land is

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a very great improvement, though 'tis reckoned to grow upori any foil.

Hartlipj in his legacy, fays; there are twenty-three forts of it* and that every fort loves a peculiar foil ; fome fpecies thriving beft on clay, fome on fand, fome in watery places, and fome on fun-burnt grounds. The feeing one kind or other of it thus growing on all forts of foils, may have been the oceafion of the error of fuppofing that every kind of it would grow every where : there are very certainly fometimes feen thin crops of it, and the moft natural fuggeftion as to the reafon of it, feems, that a wrong kind for the foil has been fown there. It may be no fmall improvement in this branch of the farmer's bufinefs, to find out which it is that particularly loves each foil, and always fow the proper fpecies in the proper places. Mortimer**, Hufbandry, p. 41.

It may be fown either with corn, or alone on ploughed lands, or fprinkled over meadows to make a better crop with the common grafs. They commonly allow twelve pounds of the feed to an acre ; and when fown alone, it is efteemed much more lafting than the rey-grafs, efpecially the yellow hop- clover. When fown among the hay-grafs in meadows, it much improves the crop both in quantity and quality. The laft crop is, however, often damaged by the weather, and it feems, upon the whole, better for the farmer to make only one crop after that in May. This fecond crop he fhould alfo calculate to get feed from ; and for this purpofe he muft let it ftand till the heads are thoroughly ripe before it is cut, for it is a fort of feed that is not eafy to fhed. When the feed is firft perceived in the head, it is a notice that in a month's time it will be ripe, and fit for cutting. It muft be watched about this time, and the ftalk will be found to turn brown^ and the fed greenifh, at the time when it is fit for cutting. It muft be mowed in a dry feafon, and kept carefully as dry as can be.

It ripens fome years confidcrably fooner than others, and therefore there can he no rule laid down for the time of cut- ting, but this muft be guided by the ripening of the feeds in the heads.

If the clover is apt to wear out the ground, and become thin upon it, let it be mowed in May, and after that let it ftand till the feed is ripe, and fills out of the hulks upon the ground ; then cattle may be turned in to feed upon it, and it will rife up as frefh and full from thefe fcattered feeds, as if it had beerl new fown with all the art and care in the world. One acre off this grafs will feed as many cattle as five acres of common grafs i but the moft advantageous way of feeding them, is not to turn them in upon it, becaufe in that cafe they tread down more than they eat ; but to cut it with a fcythc, and give it them in racks.

If the cattle are to be turned in to feed at large upon it, this muft be done gradually, and with great caution ; for if they are at once removed from common grafs into this, they will over-feed upon it, and even burft thcmfelves ; they are there- fore to be put in at firft only for half an hour in the middle of the day; a fecond day they may be left in an hour; and the third day two or three hours ; and after this, for three or four days, they are to be turned in as foon as the morning dews are off the ground, and driven out again before the evening dews fall. After this, it may be fafe to let them remain in it entirely. Clover is apt to do harm to milch cows, more than to any- other cattle ; and it is a very good method fome have, to take oft" from the too great richnefs of the crop, by fowing rey- grafs among the clover. This upright grafs grows well among the branches of the clover, fhooting up its ftalks above it, and being eaten with the clover, takes off from its too great rich- nefs, at the fame time that it makes the crop the larger. The clover that is intended for feed is prcferved dry all the winter, and in March it is to be thrafhed for the feed : what feed firft comes out-is to be cleanfed from the ftraw, and thchufks then are to be trained again. When all is obtained that can at one time, let the ftraw be well dried in the fun, and tofled about with a rake, and, then on the thrafhing it again, more feed in confiderable quantity will be obtained : two bufhels of feed may thus be procured, out of the produce of an acre of good Land where the clover has throve. Id. ibid.

iS/;?W;-Trefoil. See the articleCYTisus.

TREMELLA, haver, in botany, the name of a genus of fmall and feemingly imperfeft plants, the characters of which are thefe : They are a kind of plants feemingly of a fort of a middle nature between the alga and conferva. Thefe produce no flower, nor feed* fo far as has been yet ob- ferved, but are throughout of one uniform and tender texture, pellucid and membranaceous, and frequently gelatinous ; they for the moft part live in the water, and confift of flat and plain leaves, often very broad, and fometimes tubular. See Tab* of Mofles, N°. 3. DUlen. Hift. Mufc.

There are feventcen known fpecies of this plant. I. The common fea Tremella, called oiiter-green or fa- haver. 2. The frefh-water haver : this is much fmaller than the former, and of a very tender ftru&ure. 3. The navcl-Lrtwr .* this is diftinwuiflied by having its leaves rounded and umbili- cated in the center. 4. The marygold-leavcd haver : this is of a blackifh green colour, and has all its leaves oblong, jagged, and growinc on pedicles. 5. The leek- leaved haver; this

grows