Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 2.djvu/673

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journey: They make a hole in the foot, and fill it with

moiftened cow-dung; they keep this in it a month, and the continual moifture occafioned by it makes the hoof grow very quick, and fopn recover the proper dimenfions, but it foon after drys and fhrinks fo, that the foot is ftrcightned, and the whole hoof becomes brittle.

Cow-dung applied to a horfe's foot always moiftens the fole ; but it drys up the hoof, if continued any length of time to it. The befi method of recovering a horfe's hoofs is to make a hole in the ftable floor filled with blue clay a little wetted, in this the horfe mould keep his fore-feet a month ; this will have more effect then a fmall portion of cow-duno- i n the foot ; and the effect will be of fo different a nature, that the hoof will be rendered more tough than before, inftead of being made brittle by it.

Moil horfes that are fatigued, or overworked by long jour- nieSj have their flanks altered by it, without being purfy ; efpecially horfes naturally vigorous, which have been work- ed too violently. The beft remedy in this cafe, is to give the horfe half a pound of honey in the morning, mixed amonga feed of fcalded bran : if he eats the half pound rea- . dily, give him a pound the next morning ; continue this till the honey ceafes to purge the creature; after this, powder of

- liquorice may be added to the fcalded bran, and this continued fome time, and two or three glyfters at convenient diftances of time will be found very ferviceable. If the horfe be very lean, it will be proper to give him fome wet bran over and above his proportion of oats ; and grafs is alfo very proper, if the creature be not inclined to be purfy. This caution, how- ever, is to be had at all times, that exceffive feeding may be had, by fubjecting the horfe to the farcy. When the horfe begins to drink heartily, it is a fign that he will foon recover. Though this fometimes fails, it is a good general rule.

TRAVERSE (CycL) — Traverse, in the manege. A horfe is faid to traverfe, when he cuts I lis tread crofs-wife; throw- ing his croupe to one fide, and his head to another.

Traverse-B^wy/, in a fhip, a little round board hanging-up in the fteerage,. and bored full of holes upon lines feewing the points of the compafs : Upon it by moving of a little peg from hole to hole, the fteerfman keeps an account how ma- ny glaffes, that is, half hours, the fhip fleers upon any point.

TraveRse-Ta^, in navigation, is the fame with the table of

. difference oflatitude and departure ; being only the difference of latitude and departure ready calculated to every degree, point, half-point and quarter-point of the quadrant ; and for

- any difhnce .under. 100 miles, though it may conveniently ferve for more.

This table is one' of the moil neceffary things a navigator has .. occafian for ; for by it he can readily reduce all his courfes and diftances, run in the fpace of twenty-four hours, into one
 * courfe and diftance ; whence the latitude he is in, and his de-

parture from the meridian may be found. Traverse theTard, onboard a fhip, is to brace it aft. TRAVICE, in the manege, is a fmall cnclofure, or oblono- quadrangle placed before a farrier's fhop, and confiftino- o? four pillars or pofts, kept clofe together by crofs-poles. This enclofure is deiigned for holding and keeping in a horfe that is apt to be unruly or difordeily in the time of fhoeing, or of any operation.

This in fome of the remoter parts of England goes by the name of a break; and is called in French Travail TREACLE (CycL)— Dr. Shaw, in his Eflay on Diftillery, has endeavoured to bring into ufe feveral forts of Treacles, which might be made at home, and would ferve very conveniently ■ for the diftillation of fpirits, or the making of potable liquors. . . Thefe are the infpiflated juices or decoctions of vegetables: Such as the fweet juice of the birch, or fycamore, procured by tapping or piercing the trees in fpring, and the common wort made from malt, or from other vegetable fubflances . treated in the fame manner. Thefe liquors are feverally to be boiled down in a copper till they begin to infpiflare, and then to be poured into a balneum maria;, when the remainder of the evaporation may be finifhed without burning the in- . fpifiated juices : Thus prepared it may be at any time re- duced to the ftate of wort, only by adding a fufficient quan- tity of warm water. Shaw's EfT. on Diftill. TREAD, in the manege. See the article Piste. TREASURER {CycL}— Treasurer of the County, he that keeps the county ftock.

There are two of them in each county, chofen by the major part of the juftices of the peace, &c. at Eafter fefiions. They muff, have io/- a year in land, or 150/. in perfonal eftate, and (hall not continue in their office above a year ; and they are to account yearly at Eafter fefiions, or within ten days after, to their fucceffors, under penalties. The county ftock, of which this officer hath the keeping, is raifed by rating every parifh yearly; and is difpofed of to charitable ufes, for the relief of maimed foldiers and mari- ners, prifoners in the county gaols, paying the falarics of governors of houfes of correction, and relieving poor alms- houfes, &c. And the duty of thefe Treafurcrs, with the manner of raifing the ftock, and how it fhall be difpofed of is let forth particularly in the lbtutes of 43 Eliz. c. 7. Suppl. Vol. II.

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■4- u&raW.IH. c. l8. j Ann. c. 32. 6 Geo. I,

Jac. I; c. 23.

was a otxsiiTEws, run rgafltolixOT

Treasures, in cathedral churches, an officer whofe chares was to take charge of the veftments, plate, jewe re lickf and other treafure belonging to the faid churche ' A £ m,e of the reformation, the office was extinguished as necd-

hof'Ts ( r hed 'r alcl ? l,rCheS; but " " fti11 fining i„ tnofc of SaWbury, London, &c. 5

TREASURY (C>/.)_The Athenian Treafur, was facred to Jupiter W» f, or the faviour, and to Plutus the god of nches. Uefides other public monies, there were always a houfand talents kept in it, which it was capital to touch, un- left on the molt preffing occafions. See the article Opis- thodomus.

The funds among the Athenians which fupplied their Trea- Jwj, were four, viz. the tele, „m ; the fieri, ^ 5 „ ; the eijpbcr<s, .,tp lfa, ; ani j t ] le tilmmata, T W .r«. Each of wnicb fee in its place.

The public Treafury was divided into three parts, according; to the ufe it was applied to; as,,. The W * TO T ; t hnd*J?, or that expended in civil ufes. 2. The rr s «I,.1.«» v„«,l«, or money deiigned to defray the charges of war. ' 3. The S-.y**, or money intended for pious ufes ; in which they included the expences at plays, public fliews, and feffivals, era Fetter. Archseol. Graic. T. 1. p. 82. To each of thefe branches of the public revenue there Treajurer appointed, as T v ,« and Qiaeimev.

TREA I Y(Cycl.)— in antiquity. For the folemn manner in which the Romans ufed to conclude Treaties, fee Liv. Ll.'c 24. The ceremonies obferved by theGreeks in rnakingZVeaks may be feen in Potter, Alchaol. Grasc. 1. 2. c. 6. T. I. p. 2*52. feq.

In general it appears that the antients were very religious, grave and folemn in making Treaties; which were always confirmed by facri.fices and mutual oaths, with horrid impre- cations to the party that ihould break the terms of agree- ment.

TREBIUS, in ichthyology, a name given by Joannes Cuba and fome other writers, to the fifh called pbycis by Ariflo- tle, /Elian, and Pliny; and truca and tinea marina by the later writers. It is nearly allied to the blennus clafs. See the ar- ticle Blennus.

TRECHON, one of the many names by which the chemical writers, have called quickfilver.

TRECHEOIPNA, teix&mita; in antiquity, a kind of livery or diftinguilhing habit worn by parafites ; the wearing of which was a fufficient pafport to the tables of their patrons whofe livery it was. Pitifc. in voc. The word comes from Tii X ', I run, and him,, a /upper.

TREE (CycL) — Heat is fo elfcntial to the growth of Trees, that we fee them grow larger and fmaller in a fort of gradation as the climates in which they ftand are more or lefs hot. The hotteft countries yield in general the large!! and tailed Trees, and thofe alfo in much greater beauty and variety than the colder do ; and even thofe plants which are common to both arrive at a much greater bulk in the fouthern, than in the northern climates ; nay, there are fome regions fo bleak and chill, that they raife no vegetables at all to any confiderable height. Greenland, Iceland, and the like places, afford no Trees at all ; and what fhrubs grow in them are always little and low.

In the warmer climates, where Trees grow to a .moderate fize any accidental diminution of the common heat is found very greatly to impede vegetation ; and even in England, the cold fummers we fometimes have, give us an evident proof of this ; for tho' the corn and low plants have fucceeded well enough, and goofeberries, currants, Riberries, and other low fhrubs, have brought forth fruit in fufficient plenty, yet the production of taller Trees have been found very much hurt; and walnuts, apples, and pears have been very fcarce among us. Heat is heat be it from what caufe it will, and acts as well upon vegetation one way as another. Thus the heat of dung, and the artificial heat of coal fires in ftoves, is found to fupply the place of the fun.

Great numbers of the Indian Trees in their native foil flower twice in a year, and fome flower and bear ripe fruit all the year round ; and it is obferved of thefe laft, that they are at once the moll frequent and the moll; ufeful to the inha- bitants ; their fruits, which hang always on them in readinefs, containing cool juices, which arc good in fevers, and other of the common difeafes of that hot country. Plantations of ufeful Trees might be made to very great ad- vantage in many places in every country, and the country greatly enriched by it, while the public would be alfo bene- fitted by it, fince it would raife a continual fupply of timber ufed in fhip-building, and on other public as well as private occafions.

We have in many places, heaths, and other barren and un- cultivated lands, of very great extent; and how great an advan- tage would it be to the public to bring thefe to be truly va- luable. Many, if not all of thefe heaths, would be found on trial capable of producing Trees ; and fome of them are truly Tttt the