Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 2.djvu/645

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its courfe downward, it joins this tendon, and Is'inferted, to- gether with it, in the outilde of the pofterior part of the os calcis, without communicating with the aponeurofis ptantaris. Sometimes this mufcle is wanting, and in fome fubjects it is fituated lower down. TVinJlovf-a Anatomy, p, 220.

Tibialis Anticus, a long mufcle, flefhy at the upper part, and tendinous at the lower, fituated at the fore-fide of the legs, between the Tibia and the extenfor digitorum pedis longus. It is fixed above by flefhy fibres in the upper third part of the ex- terna] labium of the crifta tibiae, and of the infide of the apo- neurofis tibialis, or of that ligamentary expanfion which goes between the crifta tibia?, and the anterior angle of the fibula. It is hkewife fixed obliquely in the upper two thirds of the out- iide of the tibia, or that next the fibula. From thence it runs down, and ends in a tendon, which firft pafles through a ring of the common annular ligament, and then through another feparate ring, fituated lower down ; afterwards the tendon is fixed, partly in the upper and inner part of the os cuboides, and partly in the infide of the firft bone of the metatarfus. Window's Anatomy, p. 217*

Tibialis Pojlicus, a long flefhy penniform mufcle, broader above than below, fituated between the tibia and fibula, on the backhde of the leg, and covered by the extenfor digitorum longus. It is fixed above by flefhy fibres, immediately under the articulation of the tibia and fibula, to the neareft part of thofe two bones, chiefly to the tibia, reaching to the lateral parts of that bone above the interoffeous ligament, which is here wanting. From thence its infertion is extended below the oblique line or impreffion in the tibia, over all the neigh- bouring part of the interoffeous ligament, and through more than the upper half of the internal angle of the fibula. Thro' all this fpace it is flefhy and penniform, and is covered by the extenfor digitorum longus. After this, it forms a tendon which runs down below the inner malleolus through a cartila- ginous groove, and an annular ligament, and is inferted in the tuberofity of the lower part of the os fchaphoides. PFinJlnvs Anatomy, p. 220.

TIBICEN, in zoology, a fifh of the cuculus kind, called by many authors, lyra y or the harp-fifo 3 and in fome parts of England, the piper.

The head of this fifh runs out into two broad horns, which are ferrated, or befet with a fort of teeth, or fmall fpines, all along their edges, which is its principal diftinftion from the hirundo or fwallow-fifh. Above the gill-fins it has on each fide a long and fharp fpine. The forehead is elevated into a ibrt of eyebrows over the eyes ; and at the angles of thefe there arc fmall and fhort fpines ; thefe are crooked j and the fpines on the back of this fpecies are longer than in any other of the cuculi. The fide lines feel but very little rough to the touch, and the forehead between the eyes is not hollowed as in the other cuculi. The whole head is covered with a bony cruft, which runs into two horns or fpines behind. It has three fingers or filaments on each fide, from the roots of the gill-fins ; and its jaws are rough like files, but have no diftinct teeth. The tail-fin, and the middle of the back in this fifh are red. It is caught in the Mediterranean, and in fome other feas. In our county of Cornwal, it is not unfrequently caught about the fhores, and from the noife it makes when taken out of the water, is called the piper. Ray's Ichthyography, p. 282. Willughby\ Hift. Pifc. p. 282.

T1BURO, in zoology, a fifh very badly and falfely defcribed by feveral authors, and proving, on a ftridl enquiry, to be no other than the lamia or white fliark. Willughhtft Hift. Pifc. p. 49. See the article Lamia.

TICK, in the manege, a habit that fome horfes take of preffing their teeth againft the manger, or all along the halter or collar, as if they would bite it.

TICKLISH, in the manege. A horfe is faid to be tkklijh that is too tender upon the fpur, and too fenfible, that does not freely fly the fpurs, but in fome meafure refifts them, throw- ing himfelf up, when they come near and prick his fkin. A ticklijh horfe has fomewhat of the ramingues, t. e. the kickers againft the fpurs ; but with this difference, that the latter put back, leap and kick, and yerk out behind, in difobeying the fpurs ; whereas a ticklijh horfe only refifts for fome time, and afterwards obeys, and goes much better, through the fear of a vigorous ham, when he finds the horfeman ftretch his leg, than he does upon being actually pricked.

TIDE (Cycl.) — In the Philofophical Tranfactions, N°. 4. we have an account of an extraordinary Tide near the weftern iflcs of Scotland. For fome days one flood and ebb run twelve hou/s caftward, and the other twelve hours weftward, till four days before the new and full moon, and then they relume their ordinary regular courfe as before, running eaft during the fix hours of flood, and weft during the fix of ebb. There is another uncommon irregularity in thefe Tides. Be- tween the vernal and autumnal equinoxes, the courfe of irre- gular Tides about the quarter moons is to run all day, that is, twelve hours eaftward; and all night, for twelve hours more, weftward. But during the other fix months, from the autumnal to the vernal equinox, the current runs all day weft- ward, and all night eaftward.

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TIES, aboard a fhip, are thofe ropes by which the vards dd hang ; and, when the halliards are ftrained to holfe the yards* thefe Ties carry them up.

ni'ACOUM, a word ufed by fome of the chemical writers to exprefs quickfilvcr.

T1FATUM, a word ufed by fome of the chemical writers to ^ exprefs fulphur.

TIEFE de Mcr, in natural hiftory, a name given by Cbunt Marfigli to a fpecies of fea plant, commonly but erroneoufly reckoned among the fpunges, and called by authors, a branched fpunge. This author has called it by this name from its refem- bahce to the heads of the typha palujhis, or cat's tail, when ripe in the month of September.

T. he fpunges muft be of a lax and cavernous texture ; but this plant is fmootl- and firm, and has no inequalities on its furface, excepting a few fhort hairs, which give it a velvety look' when firft taken out of the water, "it is a very elegant and beautiful plant ; it grows to two foot in height, and is very elegantly branched. It grows on rocks and ftones, and, when firft taken out of the fea, is full of a vifcous water, as yellow as the yolk of an egg ; but when this water is preffed out, and the plant comes to dry, it lofes its yellow, and becomes of a dufky brown colour. It is very tough and firm while in the water, but when dry it ufually breaks of itfelf into little pieces, and may be crumbled to powder between the fingers. This is a very ftrong proof, among others, of its not being of the nature of the fpunge.

When viewed by the microfeope, the whole furface is found to be covered with extremely fine and flender hairs ; and amongft thefe, there are an infinity of little apertures' thro' which the fea-water makes its way, for the nourifhment of the plant. When a branch of it is cut tranfverfely, there are feen a number of long and fine canals, by means of which the water, received at thefe fuperficial aperturesj is conveyed to the whole fubftance of the plant ; for thefe plants are all root, and imbibe their nourifTiment at every pore. MarR? Hift. de la Mer, p. 82. J & '

TIGEGUACU, in zoology, the name of a fmall BrafiHan bird, of the fize of a fparrow, and with a ridged and triangu- lar bill, in which it refembles the moucherolle. Its eyesore of a fine blue, and its legs and feet yellow, It is all over of a deep black, but that it has a large blood-red fpot on the top of its head. Its tail is fhort and black. Marggrave's Hift, Brafil.

TIGER, Tigris, in zoology. See the article Tigris.

1 IGH, in our old writers, a clofe or inclofure mentioned in antient charters, and is ftill ufed in Kent in the fame fenfe. Chart. Ecclef. Cant. Blount.

TIGILLUM, a word ufed by fome cbemifts to exprefs the tile with which they cover the mouth of their crucibles ; and, by others, for the crucible itfelf. See the article Tile.

TIGRIS, the Tyger, or Tiger, in the Linnaean fyftem of zoology, makesa diftin£r. genus of the quadruped clafs ; the characters of Which are, that it has four paps placed near the navel, and feet adapted to climbling. The author takes in the panther to this genu", and diftingmfhes the Tiger by the name Tigris maculis oblongis, and the panther by that of Tigris maculis or- bicularis. Linmui Syftem. Naturae, p. 35. The Tiger has its name from its fuppofed fwiftnefs, and has been defcribed by almoft all authors as one of the fwifteft of all the wild carnivorous animals ; but this has been wholly contra- dicted by fuch authors as have feen the creature, who all de- clare that it is a flow and fluggifh animal, and is unable to overtake a man, or almoft any animal that has an opportunity of running away from it. It will give two or three large leaps ; but if it do not feize its prey in thefe, is but ill quali- fied to catch it afterwards. Ray, Syn. Quad. p. 165. It exceeds the Hon in fize, and is of an unconquerable fierce- nefs. It agrees with the panther in the variegation of its co- lours, but differs in the difpofition of them ; for in the panther the colours are difpofed in round fpots or eyes, and in the Ty- ger they are difpofed in long ftreaks.

Marggrave defcribes three fpecies of American Tygers, the firft called jaguera by the natives, and by the Portuguefe on^a ; the fecond diftinguifhed by the natives by the name jag uarete> but called by the Portuguefe by the fame name with the other ; the third called by the Indians cugua-cuarana, and by the Por- tuguefe, the Tyger. But the two firft feeming to be the fame with what we know by the name of the ounce, and having round, not long variegations, feem properly of the panther, not of the Tyger kind.

It were much to be wifhed that the antients had left us more certain marks, and fuller defcriptions of the Tyger than they have.

The Tyger is found in the Eaft Indies, in many parts of Afia, and in America : But there feems fome difference in fpecies between the Afiatic and American Tygers, and poflibly fuller obfervation may prove, that the Afiatic are fwift, as the an- tients have defcribed them, and the American ones, of the flownefs of which we have accounts, may be a different fpecies.

The manner of carrying off the young brood of this animal is

defcribed by Pliny as follows. The Hircanians and Indians

bring up the Tyger, fays he, an animal of a dreadful fwiftnefs,

M m m m which