Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 2.djvu/632

 TEU

T^TREUMA, in botany* a name given by the people of Guinea to a fpecies of fhrub, very common among them, and ufed to cure whitlows. They dry the leaves, and reduce them to powder ; and, moiftening them with any liquor, apply them to the place. Petiver has called this arbor guineenfis laurajli- ni facie, from its great likenefs to the common Ihrub, which we call the lauruftine. The leaves are opake and ft iff, and are an inch and a quarter broad, and two inches and a half long. Thefe ftand alternately on all fides the ftalk, and are fixed on ftiort pedicles. The flowers grow out of the bofoms of the leaves, and ftand in clutters in the manner of thofe of the common lauruftine. Phil. Tranf. N°. 232.

^TETTAR, in the manege, is an ulcer almoft as broad as one's hand* that appears commonly upon a horfe's croupe, fome- times on his head, and fometimes on his neck. It proceeds from bilious blood, that confumes and eats through the hide or fkin, and caufes fuch a violent itching, that it is a hard matter to keep the horfe from fcratching, and lb enlarging and fpreading the ulcer.

TETTIGES, TiT?iy«? 9 grafhoppers, in antiquity, a title the A- thenians aflumed to themfelves. Pott. Archseol. Grsec. 1. 1. c. 1. T. 1. p. 2. See the article Gegenes.

TETTIGOMETRA, in natural hiftory, a name by which the antients called the nymph of the Cicada, or Tettyx ; and they named this nymph from which they frequently faw that fly hatched Tettigometra, which figniries the mother of the ci- cada.

It has been a great error in our dictionary writers, to call the cicada a grafhopper. It is a large four- winged fly, common in Italy, and other hot countries, and its noife is very trouble- fome there. This noife is made by means of certain organs placed in the belly. See Harvest-/''/)' and Cicada. This creature lays its eggs with a wonderful art in the dead tranches of trees, and from thefe eggs are produced fmall •animals like fleas, with fix legs and a long trunk j thefe foon fall off from the tree, and, burying themfelves in the earth, feed and enlarge themfelves into a fort of hexapode worms ; •after this they pafs into a ftate like that of the nymphs of our ■flies, or the chryfalis of butterflies j but they move and eat in this ftate.

They live in the form of the nymph more than a whole year, after which they crawl out of the earth, and climbing up the bodies of trees, there faften themfelves by their claws, till they are transformed into flies. In the time when they are in this nymph ftate they are found in great abundance buried about the roots of trees, often at two or three foot deep. The antient Greeks ufed to dig them up from thefe places, and eat them ; they were accounted a very good difh among them; and, according to Ariftotle, were raoft valued, and efteemed the greateft delicacy, juft before the time of their fkin breaking to let out the fly. The antients alfo eat the 'cicada in its winged ftate, preferring the female when full of eggs, and the male at all other times. At prefent, though this creature is very common in molt of the hot countries, and very troublefome by its continual noife j there is no account of their being eaten any where.

TETTIGONiA, in natural hiftory, a word ufed by the an- tients to exprefs the fmaller fpecies of cicada, with which they were acquainted. They called the larger acbeta. It is generally fuppofed that the Tettigoma was the fame with our fmalleft kind, called by the French cigaion; but Mr. Reaumur obferves, that as the antients knew two kinds of the cicada, we know three ; and that our middle one feems to have been their Tettigoma or fmall cicada, and that they

■ were not acquainted with our fmalleft kind, or cigalon, which is not larger than a hornet. See the articles Harvest-/ 1 /}', and Cigalon.

TEUCHITES, in botany, a name ufed by fome for the fesenanth or fchaenanth, camel's hay.

It was originally ufed only as an epithet added to the name Schtsnanth, to iignify the place from whence a peculiar kind of it was brought ; but after- writers appropriated it as a name of the plant itfelf.

Diofcorides diftinguifhes the Arabian Sch&nanth from theNaba- tsean ; but this feems an unaccountable error, fince Diofcori- des one would think could not but know, that Nabata?a was only a region in Arabia. He afterwards makes the Babylonian the fame with theArabian, and fays that it was called Teuchites. Pliny, on the other hand, gives the name Teuchites to the Na- batsan Scb&nantb,

Authors do not feem well to have explained the word. It is evidently an epithet given to the Scananth, from the name of the place where it was brought, and probably it ought to be written Teuochttis. There is a city Teuochis in ./Egypt near the borders of Arabia, and the geographers all mention a lake in the neighbourhood of this city ; in this lake it is probable the Scesnanth might grow? and being gathered there, and fold in the adjoining city of Teuochit t the purchafers might diftinguifh it with an epithet formed of the name of the place where they bought it. See the article ScH^enanth.

TEUCH ^"LACOT-Xanbqui, in zoology, a name by which the natives of fome of the American nations call the rattle- liiake. Raf% Syn. An. p. 291. See the article RATTLfi- Srait, £ '

T H A

TEUCRION, according to Pliny, a name given by fdme of the antient botanilts to the Cbamadrys, or germander. This author fuppoles that plant and the /errata or ferratula, to be the fame in the accounts of fome of the more early authors ; but it does not appear, upon a ftrict enquiry, that they ever called any other plant than the common faw wort by the name ferrata, though they called this plant by a great many otiier names belide that, as betsnica, cejlrum-, &c.

TEUCRIUM, Tree-germander, in botany, the name of a ge- nus of plants ; the characters of which are thefe. The flower contifts of one leaf, and is of the labiated kind ; -the ftamina fupplying the place of the upper lip ; the lower lip is divided into five tegmenta, the^middle one being largeft and hollowed like a fpoon j the others ftanding over-agamft one another in the neck of the flower. The cup is bell-falhioned, and from it arifes a piftil which is fixed in the maimer of a nail to the hinder part of the flower, and is furrounded by four embryos, which afterwards become four roundiih feeds 9 and ripen in the bell-fhaped cup of the flower. The fpecies of Teucrium, enumerated by Mr. Tournefort, are thefe: 1, The fhrubby Teucrium, with finuated leaves, the Bcetic Teucrium of authors. 2. The broader- leaved Spanilh Teucrium. 3, The American fox tail Teucrium. 4. The procumbent perennial Teucrium, with fpear-pointed leaves. 5. The jagged-leaved annual procumbent Teucrium of Portu- gal. Town. Inft. p. 208.

TKUGA, in botany, the name given in the Hortus Malaba- ricus, to a genus of plants called by Linnaeus and others, coccus. Hort. Mai. L. 1. 4. See the article Coccus.

TEUTHOPHACE, a word ufed by the antients, to exprefs a fort of food made of beet-roots and "lentils, otten pretcribed as a good diet for the fick.

TEXT, Texture, in chemiftry, is ufed for any thing hav- ing a texture in a proper fenfe, or for an aggregate termed by admotion, compotition, co-ordination, conltiuction, whe- ther fortuitous, or defigned for fome end, fo that without fuch a texture the end could not be obtained j of which therefore, this texture muft be confidered as the true in- ftrument.

In this fenfe living bodies have a texture, and maybe ftricUy named Texts ; and the more fo, if they be fentient and have local motion; all which bodies, whether fmall or great, are formed of innumerable mixt and compound individual cor- pufcles. Vid. Obfervat. Halens. Tom. 4. Obf. 14. §. 8.

Text differs from Aggregate* See the article Aggregate.

TEUOI, in the Chinete manufactory of porcelaine, a word ufed to exprefs a particular fcrt of varnifh for thi.t ware with violet colour and gold. The ufual method of doing this at firft, was by mixing gold with the common varnifh, breaking the leaves very fmall, and then adding the common blue and the powder ot calcined agate of a coarfe kind, found in great plenty on the fhores of their rivers. But they have lince found, that the brown varnifh called Tfekin fucceeds greatly better, for when the blue is mixed with this, its brown colour is loft, and the gold lies on much better than it would any other way.

They had once a method of a varied varnifh, which was very beautiful, but is much neglected now ; this was the giving a veflel the brown varnifh on the outfide with a large portion of gold, and the common white varnifh within. They alio varied the degree of colour on the outfide, by laying on more or lefs of the varnifh ; and gave this way a variety, even in the fame colour. Obferv. fur les Coutumes de TAfie, p.

THACAS, 0«xar, in antiquity, a general name given to the place or Icat where the augurs made their obfervarions. Pott. Archseol. Grasc. T. 1. p. 322. See the article Augur.

THAIS, a name given by JEgineta, to a cofmetic cerate, in- tended to give a beautiful red to the face. Galen ufes the fame word to exprels a fort of bandage.

THALAMEGUS, among the antients, a ftiip of pleafure, or yacht ufed by princes. It was always provided with a good cabin, or bed chamber. Pitifc. in voc. Philopater king of Egypt had a very remarkable (hip of this kind, for failing in parade with his wife and children on the Nile. It is faid to have been half a ftadium, or 3 1 2 feet long ; its breadth more than 30 cubits, and its height, with the pa- vilion erected on it, about 40 cubits. Its ftruclure was like- wife very hngular, being broad-bottomed, and very wide a- bove, efpecially towards the fore-part ; and accommodated both with a double prow, and a double ftern. On its decks were two long galleries of ivory, for walking in. Hofm. Lex Univ. in voc.

THALAMII, among the antients, thofe rowers who fat in the loweft part of the ftiip. Pitifc. in voc. See Thalamus.

THALAMIUA'I, among the antients, a port-hole, through which the oars of the rowers in the bottom of the ftiip went. Pitifc. in voc.

THALAMIT/E, in the naval architecture of the antients, a term ufed to exprefs thofe rowers in the Polyerete galleys, or thofe which contained feveral feries of rowers, who fat on the Thalamus of the veflel, and made the loweft row. Thefe moved their oar* and hands under the feats or" the row that

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