Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 2.djvu/630

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a fyringe, and afterwards healed by the balfams, as that of Peru, or the like.

The taint that occafioned the tumour is fometimes wholly eradicated, and the patient freed from it by a proper manage- ment of thefe abfeefles. It not unfrequently happens indeed in them, that the fcrotum is in part confumed, fo as to leave the part bare, but this lofs of fubftance may generally be reitored by proper treatment, with digeftive and balfamic remedies. H.eijler\ Surgery, p. 191.

TESTICULATED Roots, are thofe compofed of two tube - rofe knobs, refembling a pair of teitkles. Of this kind are the orchifes, &c.

TESTICUL1 Muf cuius $ in anatomy, the name given by Fal- lopius, and fome others, to the mufcle now generally known by the name of the cremafter.

TESTO, in the Italian muflc, is applied to thofe words of a fong, to which fome air or tune is co be compofed. It is a matter of great importance in mufic, to understand well how to appropriate or adapt die mullc to the words of a fong, to exprefs the fenfe, and make a juft application of the long and ihort fyllables to the notes and times with which they are to be connected.

But this branch of the feience, which depends greatly on the knowledge of poetry, has lain a long time almoft unregard- ed, and even at prefent very little care is taken with reipect to this in the modern mufic.

TESTUDO (£>/.)— Testudo, the Tortoife, in the Lin- nsean fyftem of zoology, makes a diilincf genus of animals j the characters of which are, that the body is defended by a thick cruft, and is furnilhed with a tail. Linrnsi Syft. Nat. p. 50. See Tab. of Quadrupeds, N°. 28. The Tortoife is a well known animal, of which there are fe- veral fpecies. The fhell, which covers this creature's body, is compofed of a number of varioufiy fhaped pieces, often pentangular ; thefe are affixed to a bony fubftance, like the fkull of fome animals, which furrounds the animal, and has two apertures ; one before, which gives way to the going out of the head and the fore-legs ; and the other behind, through which the hinder legs and thighs are protruded. This bony fubftance is, in different parts of very different thicknefies j in fome places an inch and half, in others not an eighth part of an inch. It is compofed of two pieces, the one covering the creature's back, the other its belly - t thefe are joined at the fides by very itrong ligaments, but not fo rigidly clofed but that they eaiily give way to the creature's motions. Ray's Syn. Quad, p. 253.

This is the general order of nature in the ftruclure of the Ihellof this creature ; of which we have feveral fpecies in dif- ferent parts of the world, the fhells of which are of different value.

1. The common Tortoife. This is variegated with black and yellow fpots and lines on the back. The upper fhell is ex- tremely convex, and the under one flat, its head is fmall, and like that of a fnake, and it can thruft out this, or draw it into the fhell at pleafure. It has no eye-lids, nor any external ears j this is a very long-liv'd creature, and paf- fes the winter without food under ground.

2. The Jaboti of the Braftlians, called by the Portuguefe Cagado de Terra. This has a black fhell with feveral hexa- gonal figures engraved on it ; the head is like that of the other kinds, and is brown, as are alfo the legs, but variegated with fpots of a dufky greenifh hue. The liver of this fpecies is efteemed a very delicate difh.

3. The frejh-water Tortoife^ or the mud-Tortoife. This lives in muddy places, frequently in the ditches that furround the walls of towns. The fhell of this kind is fcarce at all con- vex on the back, and the creature very difagreeable and ugly j it is alfo remarkable for the length of its tail, which is Sen- der and tapering like a rat's. The fhell is black, and is com- pofed of feveral fmall pieces nicely joined together : it can at pleafure thruft out its head, or draw it back into the fhell ; it feeds on mails, infects, fcrV. and will live a long time with- out any food ; and even when the head is cut off will retain motion and an appearance of life in the limbs and body for a long time.

4. The common Turtle, or Sea-tortoife. This much refembles the common land Tortoife, but that it is larger, and its fhell much lefs beautiful and fofter. Its feet are made like the fins of fifties, and well adapted for fwimming. They have on each jaw a continued feries of bone, which is received in a finus in the oppofite jaw, and ferves to chew with.

They come out of the fea to lay their eggs, which they de- polit on the earth in prodigious numbers ; one female fome- times laying an hundred, and thefe are left to be hatched by the heat of the fun.

5. The Jurucua of the Brafilians, or Tartaruga of the Por- tuguefe, called alfo the Frank Tortoife. This has a fort of fins in the place of feet, the fore-ones fix inches long each, the hinder ones confiderably fhorter ; and their fhells are very elegantly variegated with different figures. Ray's Syn. Quad. p. 258. See the article Jurucua.

6. The Cauoanne Tortoife.*, This is a fea-kind, much refem- bling the former in fhape; but the fhell is thicker, and the fiefh but ill tailed.

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7. The Carclte Tortoife. This is a fmall kind, and does not depufit its eggs in the fand, as the others; but lays thttn among gravel and heaps of fmall pebbles. The flefh of this fpecies is but ill tailed, but its fhell is extremely valuable lor ornamental works.

8. The Jurura of the Brafilians, or Cagado a" ' Agoa of the Portugueie. This is fmaller than the other kinds, and its ihell is of an elliptic figure. The fhell of this fpecies is con ■ fiderably convex on the back ; its head is long, and its tail fhort. Marggrave kept one of this fpecies in his houfe one- and-twenty months without food.

9. The jmall Eaji-lndian Land-Tortoife. This is not above three inches long, when at its full growth ; its ihell or cruft is compofed of three orders of fcales, and a geneial rim fur- rounding them all. Its colours are white, purple, yellow, and black, and it is a very beautiful kind ; when the lcales of this fhell are taken off, the veftiges of them are plain in a mottled black and white colour, with fome yellownefs. The lower fhell is white, and marked with a great number of beau- tiful lines. The head and beak in this Ipecies, are like thofe of the parrot ; and the upper part of the head is variegated with red and yellow ; the neck is (lender, and the fore-legs are covered with fmall fcales. The feet are flat, and are di- vided into four toes. The hinder legs are much longer and (tenderer than the fore ones, and are only covered with a tough fkin ; the feet however of thefe are fcaly, and have four toes, as the others. The tail is flender and tapering, and about three inches long. Ray's Syn. Quad. p. 259.

10. The lejer checkered Tortoije, marked with ftars. The fhell of this is about feven fingers breadth long, and five wide ; it is black, and marked out into rhomboidal figures ; and is compofed of three orders of prominences, beliile the general furrounding rim ; from the middle of thefe eminences there arife five, and from the fides four tubercles, from which there are a number of ftellar figures radiated. The lower fhell con- fifts of eight pieees, two of which are much larger than tfie reft, and this is of a blackifh and yellowilh mottled colour.

1 1 . The great cbecquered Tortoife. This fpecies is found in the ifland of M adagafcar, and is the mofr. convex of all the Tortoifei. It is a foot long, eight fingers broad, and fix high.

1 his is the fize of one kept in the Mu;eum of the Royal

Society.

12. The teffelatcd Surinam TarUife. 13. The tefelatedVir- ginian Tortoife. And, 14. The fcaly iortoife. This is of the mud or frclh-water Tortoife kind. It is ufually about a foot long, ten inches broad, and three and a half high ; and the middle of the back rifes into a very remarkable longitu- dinal ridge. This is fomewhat allied alfo to the carette Tor- toife. Ray's Syn. Quad. p. 260.

TETARTEMORION, among the antients, denotes the fourth part of the zodiac. Pitifc. in voc.

TETHALASSOMENOS, a term ufed by the old medical writers, to exprefs wine mixed with fea-water.

TET1M1XIRA, in zoology, the name of an American fifh, more ulually known by the name of the Pitdiaw. It is a fmall fifh refembling a pearch, with a purple back, and yellow fides and belly. Marggrave's Hift. Brafil. See the article Pu-

DIANO.

TETRACERA, in botany, the name of a genus of plants; the characters of which are thefe : The cup is a fix-leaved pe- rianthium. The leaves are roundifh, and ftand expanded. There are no petals fo far as can be ke\\ in the dried fpeci- mens, and the growing plant has not been examined iince the time that Houfton was deceived by its external refcmblance with the petraa, and defcribed its fruit and the flowers of the petraa under the character of one genus, which he called petrea. The ftamina are numerous fimple filaments, of the length of the cup; they are permanent alio, and the antherse "are fimple. The germina of the piftii are four in number ; they are of an oval figure, and gape open one from another. The ftyles are fubulated, and very fhort; and the ftigmata are obtufe. The fruit is compofed of four capfules, which are oval and crooked ; and arc compofed of one valve containing only one cell, and opening at a future near the top when ripe. The feeds are fingle and roundifh. Linntsi Gen. Plant, p. 249.

TETRACHORD (Cycl.)— The names of the founds of a Te- tracbord, confidered by itfelf, were hypate, parypate, paranete, and nete. Ariftoxenus calls them hypate, parypate, lychanos, and nete. WalliCs Append, at Ptolem. Harm. p. 159, 160. When Tclracbords came to be joined, the parypate was fome- times called trite, as being the third from the nete ; and the paranete was fometimes called lychanos, as in the fore-men- tioned place of Ariftoxenus. IVallis, ibid. See the article Lychanos.

The Tetracbord of Mercury, contained four firings or chords, m the proportions of 12, 9, 8, and 6 ; fo as to give the fourth, fifth, and oflave of the lowelt chord. This is the opinion oi Bocrhius, and after him of Zarlino. Vid. Wallii'% "Append. Ptolem. Harm. p. 178.

TETRACriS, in natural hiftory, a name given by Linkius, and other authors, to a kind of flar-fiflj, compofed only of four rays, the more common kinds having five.

TETRA-