Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 2.djvu/627

 T E R

TERRAIGNOL, in the manege, a horfe that cleaves to the ground, that cannot be made light upon the hand, that can- not be put upon his haunches, that railes his fore- quarters with difficulty, that is charged with (boulders, and, in general, one whole motions are all ftiort, and too near the ground.

TERRAIN, in the manege, is the manege ground, upon which the horfe makes his pifte, or tread.

TERRE Tenant, Terra Tenons, in law, he who hath the actual poffeffipn of the land. For example : A lord of a ma- nor has a freeholder, who letteth out his freehold to another, to be poilelfed and occupied by him, this third perfonis called the tertenant. Weft. Symb. par. 2. Blount, Cowel.

TerRE Verte, in the colour trade, the name of a green earth much ufed by painters, both fmgly for a good Handing green, and in mixture with other colours. The name is French, and fignihes green earth. It is an indurated clay, of a deep Dluifh green colour, and is found in the earth not in continued itrata or beds, as molt of the other earths are ; but in large flat maifes of four or five feet in diameter ; thefe break irregularly in the cutting, and the earth is generally brought out of the pit in lumps of dif- ferent fizes. It is of a fine regular and even ltructure, and very hard. It is of an even and glofl'y furface, very fmooth to the touch, and in fame degree relemDling the morochthus, or French chalk, but adhering firmly to the tongue. It does not ftain the hands in touching it ; buc, being drawn along a rough furface, it leaves an even white line, with a greeniih cair. It does not ferment with acids, and it burns to a uuiky brown colour.

It is dug in the ifland of Cyprus, and in many parts of France and Italy. That from the neighbourhood of V erona has been ufed to be efteemed the belt in the world ; but of late there has been fome dug in France that equals it. There is alio an earth dug on Mendip Hills, in the finking for coal, which, tho' wholly unobl'erved, is nearly, if not wholly, of equal value. Hill's Hilt, of Foflils, p. 31, 32.

TERRIFICATIO, a word ufed by lome chemical writers to exprefs the coalition of the earthy particles of fome bodies after fermentation, or during the time of it.

TERROR. The effect of Terror, or of hidden frights, in difeafes, often are very great.

It is generally ooferved, that people who are moft afraid of the plague in times of contagion, catch the infection fboneft, and that thofe who are molt terrified and difheaitened at firit in the difeafe, generally die of it. It is indeed uncertain, whe- ther this be to be attributed to the Terror, or whether the ^terror itfelf, as a confequence of dejection of fpirits, be not merely a fymptom of the difeafe. Kerkring, Spicileg. Anat. Sudden frights, in acute difeafes, have evidently killed many, by the agitation into which they have thrown the fpirits, al- ready too much dilbrdered. We have alfo accounts of perfons abfolutely killed by Terrors, when in perfect health at the time of receiving the fhock from them : People ordered to be executed, but with private orders for a reprieve, have expired at the block, without a wound. And Kerkring gives an in- irance of a perfon, who, walking along the if reels, was fore- told by a beggar that file flioind die on a certain day, then nearly approaching, and who really expired on that day. The World gave the beggar the credit of predicting future events ; but the phyficians rather fuppofed rhat the effects of the Ter- ror killed the patient. Id. ibid.

TERSIO, the name given by Pliny, and the antients, to the porpefs. It is ranked among the cetaceous kind, and is the fmalleft fifh of that tribe.

The porpefs, properly fo called, feldofn exceeding five feet in length, in which it differs from the dolphin ; a filh very often confounded with it ; but which is frequently feen of ten or twelve feet in length. The fnout of the dolphin is alfo much larger than that of the porpefs ; which is another thing that may ferve to determine their difference. In the ditTection of the head of this fifh, the meatus auditorius was found to be two inches diftant from the exterior canthus of the eye, forming a very fmall hole, which feems the provident care of nature, left the water, getting in, fhould prove an incon- venience to it. Arillotle and Mr. Ray, indeed, a°ree in faying, that there are no car-holes found in the head" of this lifli ; but a careful infpection fliews, that they were both miftaken.

The porpefs has no gall-bladder, and thence authors have con- cluded that it has no gall ; but this is too halty a conclufion ; for there is a duct which arifes in the liver, and has a great many branches, and which, tending downwards, joins itfelf to the pancreatic duct ; and thefe two, fo united together, form a canal, or common duct, about four or five lines loni>, before they difcharge their contents into the duodenum ; from whence it appears that the porpefs has always a difcharge of bile into the duodenum, though it is thin and diluted, and fuchas, in other animals, is ufually called hepatic bile. Klein's Hift.Pifc. r

TERTHRON, a word properly fignifying the extreme part of the fail-yard in (hipping. Hippocrates ufes it in a metapho- rical fenfe, to exprefs the extremity of a difeafe. TERTIAN (Cvr/j—The medical writers diftinguim this dif- eafe into two kinds, the fingle and the double ; and befide

TER

thefe, into the legitimate and the fpurious and fub-confinual. In the (punou! 'Tertmn the cold fits are fhorter, and the chil- l.nefs lefs intenfe, and the heat fcarce ever goes off at all • be- ide this, ,t is ufually attended with a cough, and with violent laffitudes and pains in the limbs after the fits ; a vertieinous diforder 111 the head, reftlefsnefs in bed, and a want of appe-

The fimple Tertian is alfo carefully to be diftinguiffied from thofe acute fevers, principally of the epidemic kind, which frequently affect the appearance of it, when they happen in the fpnng feafon, and the patient is fubjea to crudities in the primp: via;. Thefe laft, befide the appearance of the fimple Tertian, always carry with them the certain marks of malig- nity, and often are attended with petechial fpots on the fourth day or later. The juft diflinguifliing all thefe appearances, hi difeafes that refemble the fimple Tertian, is extremely necef- fary, as the treatment of them, in the way of the fimple Ter- tian, muft be attended with very bad confequences.

Thefigns of the fimple Tertian are thefe : It ufually feizes people in the morning, frequently about 1 1 o'clock, and often ear- lier, and begins with a very remarkable horror and coldnefs, with which the patient trembles violently : This is firll felt in the region of the loins, and thence propagates itfelf up the back, and fo to every part of the body ; this is fucceeded by a naufea, and a itraitnefs of the praecordia ; and when the Ter- tian is legitimate and genuine, this naufea proceeds to abfolutq vomiting, by which there is ufually voided a thick vifcous and mucous matter ; but fometimes a bilious faburra; and in the firit fits, ufually fome of the food of the day before, indigefled. Sometimes there are only violent Teachings to vomit, without any thing coming up; and in fome a diarrhoea comes on in the place of the vomiting. Whpn thefe fymptoms have continued an hour or two, the coldnefs goes oft", and there fucceeds an univerfal languor and forenefs in the joints ; and this is the more violent, as the naufea has been the lefs fo. .This lan- guor is followed by a violent heat, which fometimes comes on at once, and fometimes flowly and gradually, and is attended with pains in the head, and a violent thirfl, and bitter tafle in the mouth. Junior's Confp. Med. p. 364. As foon as the violence of the heat abates a little, a fweat comes on ; but this is not great, and often does not appear at all in the firit paroxyfms. The more flill and quiet the perfon is, the more quickly the heat goes off, and the fweat- ing comes on. The whole fit rarely continues lefs time than fix hours; ufually it holds eight, and fometimes eleven hours ; but when it continues longer than this, it is to be fufpected for being of the fpurious kind, and degenerating into a conti- nual one. The fit returns in the fame manner as at firit every other day, or, as the medical writers term it, every third, including the days of both paroxyfms ; and ufually, while undifturbed, returns on the patient at the very fame hour.

The double Tertian. The figns of this are, that the fits return every day ; but then the fucceeding paroxyfms do not anfwer to one another, but the alternate ones ; thus the third fit an- fwers to the firft, the fourth to the fecond, and fo on. It is by this, that this difeafe is diftinguiflied from the quotidian, which has its fits every day coming on at the fame hour ; while in the double Tertian, if the firft fit comes on in the morning, the fecond comes in the afternoon ; then the third comes on in the morning as the firft, the fourth in the after- noon as the fecond, and fo on.

The anomalous Tertian obferves no regular time of coming on at all, but will begin one day in the morning, another in the evening, a third at noon, and a fourth in the afternoon, and fo on.

Perfons fubjecls to Tertians. Young people are much more frequently fubject to this difeafe than older, and men oftener than women. People of an active life are more fubject to it than thofe of a fedentary one : But no people fo eafily fall into it as thofe men who are apt to be fick after dinner, and make a cuftom of fuppreffing their inclination to vomit.

Caufes of it. Thefe are the eating immoderately of foods diffi- cult of digeftion, and efpecially when this is done againft the ftomach, or while that is afflicted with naufeas, violent conr- motions of anger, or the other paffions, immediately after a full meal ; and to thefe is to be added, a coldnefs of the ab- domen after meals, by which digeftion is impeded, and the driving back any cutaneous humour.

Prognojlics and Method of Cure. It is commonly obferved, that Tertians, when not improperly treated, are rather conducive to health, than injurious to it ; and that people are ufually much better after they are cured of them, than before they were attacked by them. If thofe who have a tertian ufe a mo- derate diet and good regimen, it often goes off of itfelf, without the afliftance of medicines; but when ill treated, as by giving violent fweating medicines in the time of the hot fit, the pa- tients are greatly weakened, and fometimes very dangerous inflammations of the vifcera, and acute fevers are brought on ; and this the more certainly, as the patient is younger, of a more plethoric habit, and ufed to a high diet, and the ufe of~ wine, or other ftrong liquors.

The more the gentle fweat, which fucceeds the hot fit, is en- couraged, the weaker the fits grow at every period, and the 8 difeafe