Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 2.djvu/624

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Ariftoxenus obferves, there are five things to be confidered about founds, txo-^, tention ; linW(r 9 intention ; a'wit, re- miffion ; o&t*k, acumen; and ^vrv^ gravitas. Ibid. See thefe Terms in their proper Places. TENSOR {Cycl.) — Tensor Tympany in anatomy, a name given by Albinus to one of the mufcles of the ear, called by Cowper, internum auris, and by others, internus mallei. TENT, {Cycl) a fmall bundle of fcraped lint, ufed in dreffing fome wounds, worked into the fhape of a nail, with a broad flat head. They differ in thicknefs and length, according to the fize of the wound for which they are intended. They are chiefly ufed in deep wounds and ulcers, and are of fervice to convey medicines to the moil inner recefles and fi- nufes of the wound. 2. To prevent the lips of the wound from uniting before it is healed at the bottom. And 3. By their affiftance grumous blood, fordes, and other foulncfles, are readily evacuated.

They are to be made extremely foft, that the cure of the wound may not be retarded, by the pain they would other- wife bring on ; but, that the wound may not be kept open too long, it is adv'ifable, as foon as the part is fufficiently cleanfed, and the finufes are found to heal up, to leffen the fizes of the Tents by degrees, and as foon as fafely and conveniently may be, to leave them entirely off.

Many furgeons, of great note, have entirely forbid the ufe of Tents, from the frequent obfervation of the ill effects arifing from the furgeon's neglecting, or not knowing thefe neceflary cautions.

There are, however, befide thefe Tent's of fcraped lint, an- other kind, made of linnen rags not fcraped, worked up into a conical form, to the bafis of which is fattened a ffrong thread ; the apex of it mutt be a little unravelled, to make it fofter, that it may not become painful. The thread is fattened to the bafis, that it may be recovered with the greater eafe, if bv any accident it fhould be forced into the cavity of the thorax or ab- domen, for thefe fort of Tents are chiefly ufed to keep open wounds that penetrate into the thorax or abdomen ; in order to make way for the proper difcharge of blood, matter, cifV. by the mouth of the wounds.

A third fort of Tents there remains yet to be defcribed, whofe office is not only to keep open, but to enlarge, by degrees, the mouth of any wound, or ulcer, which fhall be thought too ftrait, by which means a freer pafliige may be procured for the blood or matter that was confined ; and that the proper medicines may find a more ready admittance. Thefe Tents are ufually csWeAJponge Tents, and are made ei- ther of fponge, or of the roots of gentian, calamus aroma- ticus, c5V. for thefe kind of things imbibe the matter that flows to them, and being enlarged, by that means dilate the lips of the wound. Heifier\ Surg. p. 17. TENTHREDO, in natural hiftory, the name of a fly of the flinging kind. It is of the fize and fhape of the bee, but of the colour of the wafp. It loves to be among meat, as in kitchens and larders ; it is a very gregarious animal, but makes no honey, though whole fwarms live together. TENTORES, among the Romans, were perfons appointed to •' hold the cloaths of the charioteers that contended in the circus,

Pitifc. Lex. Antiq. in voc. TENUIROSTR^, in zoology, the name of a genus of final] birds, which feed on infe&s, and have {lender and fharp beaks; of this genus are the lark, fwallow, red breaff, and a number of others. Ray's Ornithology, p. 148. TEPETOTOTL, in zoology, the name of a Brafilian bird, of the gallinaceous kind, more ufually called mituporanga. See the article Mituporanga. TEPHRIA, in the natural hiftory of the antients, a name given

to the grey ophites. See the article Ophites. TEPHROMANTIA, t^ f ^«,i„«, in antiquity, a fpecies of divination, performed with afhes ; for which fee Potter, Ar- chseol. Gnec. T. 1. p. 353. TEPID, in natural hiftory, a term ufed by writers on mineral waters, to exprefs fuch of them as have a lefs fenfible cold than common water.

They diftinguifh all the medicinal fprings into three kinds ; the hot, the tepid, and the cold ; but the middle term might eafily be mifunderftood to mean a great deal more than they exprefs by it ; all that have what can be called the leaft fenfi- ble warmth, are called hot ; and the tepid are diftin^uifhed from the absolutely cold, only by their being lefs cold. ° Some of this clafs of mineral waters, and fome few alfo of the cold ones, have a fharpifh vinous tatte, which is never obferved in any of the hot ones. This tafte is loft on the giving the waters the flighteft heat, and is therefore very difficult to be guefled at as to its origin. It is not only found in the alumi- nous and vitriolate. waters, but alfo in thofe which arc mani- feftly nitrous, and which abound in fulphureous falts, quite different in their nature from acids. 'Tis therefore an addi- tional fomewhat, quite dittinct from the faline properties of the fluid, and as eafily connected with one kind of that as with the others.

The caufes of heat in the mineral waters remains yet wholly unknown, notwithftanding all that has been written concern- ing it. It is hard to believe, that there are continual fubter- ranean fires near enough the furface, to give a heat that pre- ferves itfelf in fo great a degree to the very place of their erup-

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tions; and it is equally hard to conceive, that there can be beds of fermenting mineral matters, fufficient in quantity and force to have given the fame degree of heat to waters for fo many ages, as fome of our hot fprings are known to have fub- fifted. Dudos's Exam, des Eaux. Miner.

TEPIDARIUM, among the Romans, a tepid, or blood-warm bath, which was joined to the cold and hot baths, and was a medium between the two ; fo that if any perfon wanted to go from the hot to the cold bath, or vice verfa, he always took the Tepid bath in his way. Pitifc. in voc.

TERBEDH, in the materia medica, a name given by Avifenna to the Turbith, a purging-drug, mentioned by all the authors of his time ; but in general, in a very confuled manner. The Turbith of b'erapion is the Tripolium of the Greeks. The Turbith of other authors is the pityufa or the alypum-root ; all thefe are things greatly differing from one another, and from the true Turbith of our fhops defcribed by Garcias. T he greateft ciitics have been perplexed what to determine as to the Turbith of Avifenna; it feems plainly different from all thefe; and though Scaliger, and others, make it alio dif- ferent from the Turbith of our times, and of Garcias ; yet there is fome reafon to fufpeft that they err in this, and that the drug is the fame.

This author fays, that the Turbith of his time was a woody fubftance, brought from the Ealt-Indies. This cannot belong to any ot the other plants, as they are natives of Greece, not brought from the Indies, and as they were not woody, but herbaceous plants; but the Turbith, which we at this time receive from the Indies, is a woody ftalk, and the virtues of it agree well with thofe afcribed by Avifenna to his Tur- bith.

Garcias tells us, that the Indians ufe it to purge phlegm, and that they add ginger to it by way of correflive ; and Avi- fenna fays the fame thing, of its ufe in his time.

TLRD1NA, in the materia medica, a name by which Paracel- fus, and fome other authors, have called the great garden Va- lerian. Ger. Emac. Ind. 2.

TEREBINTKUS, the Turpentine-tree, in botany, the name of a genus of plants ; the charaSers of which ail ihefe. The flower is of the apetalous kind, being compofed of feveral ftamina, furmfhed with their apices; thefe sre however bar- ren, and the embryo-fruits are produced on other plants of the fame fpecies, which produce no flowers. Thefe finally become a capfule, compofed of one or two cells, and con- taining oblong feeds. See Tab. r. of Botany, Clafs iS. To this it is to be added, that the leaves are pinnated, grow- ing feveral over-againft one another on a middle rib, which is terminated by an odd leaf.

The fpecies of Turpentine, enumerated by Mr. Tournefort, are thefe : i. The common Turpentine-Use. i. The Tur- pentine-tree, with a larger eatable fruit, like the piftachia nut. 3. The Turpentine-tree, with final! blue eatable fruit. 4. The Indian Turpentine-tree of Theophraftus, the piftachia of Diof- corides. 5. The trifoliate piftachia, or Turpentine-tree. 6. The Turpentine-tree of Cappadocia. 7. The American Tur- pentine-tree, with fruit iike the piftachia, but not eatable. Town. Inft. p. 579.

TEREBO I IN, a word ufed by Paracelfus, for the common turpentine.

TEREBRA, {Cycl.) the name of a chirurgical inftrument, ufed for the perforation of bones, or for the extraaing of bul- lets, or other the like extraneous bodies, out of wounds.

TEREBRA i ULA, in natural hiftory, a name given by Mr. Lhuyd to fome fpecies of the fmcoth concha; anoniw, which have near the head of the fhell a fmall hole, which looks as if bored by art. See the article Conchje Anc-mia.

TEREDO, a name given by naturalifts, to a fpecies of fea- worm, which eats its way into the bottoms of fnips, lining the hole it makes with a kind of fhelly matter. The head of this creature is well prepared by nature for the hard offices it is to undergo, being coated with a ffrong ar- mour, and furnifhed with a mouth like that of the leech ; by which it pierces wood, as that animal does the fkin. A little above this it has two horns which feem a kind of continua- tion of the fhell. The neck is as ftrongly provided for the fervice of the creature as the head, being furnifhed with fe- veral ftrong mufcles. The reft of the body is only covered by a very thin and tranfparent fkin, through which the motion of the interlines is plainly feen by the naked eye ; 2nd by means of the microlcope, feveral other very remarkable parti- culars become viable there.

At that part where the interlines end, the tail begins ; this is longer than all the reft of the body ; it is depreffed in the middle, and puffed out on each fide, and is joined to the cal- lous part of the lower end of the body, in an irregular man- ner, fo that there is an indeterminate void fpace left between ; this occupies the middle part between what the natural hifto- rians call two fole.-e-form fins. This creature is wonderfully minute, when newly excluded from the egg, and at its ut- moft bignefs is a foot long ; three or four inches is however its more frequent length.

The fkin of this little animal being ftripped off, the heart, ftomach, and inteftines come plainly in view, as alfo the cal- lous mufcles of the neck, and two white ovaries; the heart is compofed of two pyramidal vefiels.

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