Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 2.djvu/616

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the upper jaw of the thymallus. 4. They are in fome com- prefled or flatted at the fides, as in the gadi and eioces. 5. They are fmooth and even at the Tides, as in the greater part of fifties : Or, 6. They are ferrated or notched at the fides, as in the fhark kind, and fome others. 7. They are in fome ftrait, as in the common acus or needle-filh, of Oppian. And, 8. They are fometimes crooked inwards, as in the ofmeri, &c. Finally, they are fometimes convex on one fide, and flat on the other, as in the caprifcus.

The Teeth of fifh differ in proportion alfo. I. In fome they are all of the fame iize in the fame fifh, as in the cottus, c3V. 2. In fome they are of very different fizes in the fame mouth ; we have inftances of this in the pike, the lucioperca, and many of the gadi. 3. They differ alfo in number and arrangement, for in fome fifh they are placed only in fingle rows in the jaws, and other places allotted for them ; but in others they are aggregated into feveral rows ; the firft is the cafe in the fahnons, &c. the other in the cotti, and other fifh. Aricdi Ichthyolog.

Mammoth's Teeth. See the article Mammoth's Teeth.

TEFTERDAR, the name of an office of dignity in the Eaftern nations. In ./Egypt he is the lord high-treafuier of the tribute paid out of the lands to the Grand Seignior. _ He is named for a year by the Porte; but is generally continued in his of- fice many years. This office is fometimes given to one of the poorer Beys, to help him to fupport his dignity ; and fre- quently to a quiet one, who is not likely to enter into in- trigues. For one party never cares that a ftirring man of the oppofite party Ihould be inveltcd with an office of this dignity. Pocock's Egypt, p. 165.

TEGS, a term ufed in fome part of the kingdom by the far- mers, to exprefs lambs of a year old.

When a flock of ewes and lambs are turned into a turnep- field, the young lambs of three weeks old will immediately fall to eating the turneps, and fcoop them very prettily ; but thefe Tegs will not touch them for feveral days. They ufual- Iy ftay till almoft ftarved to death before they begin, but when they have begun they foon grow fat.

TEGULA Hykrnka, Irifh Slate ; a ftone of the flate kind, fo ftrongly impregnated with alum, as to deferve the name of an alum ore. It is often likewife found to contain a large portion of vitriol.

It is found in great abundance in many parts of Ireland, as alfo in feveral of our own counties. Many prefcribe it in powder as a ftyptic, in hsemonhages of all kinds, with fuccefs ; but, perhaps, it would be full as prudent for the perfon who knows to what fait or falts it owes this virtue, to give thofe falts alone, in a dofe that he can depend upon, and without the load of earthy matter, which is always to be found in this powder. Vid. Hill, Hilt. Mat. Med. p. 257. feq. This fubftance beaten to powder and infufed twelve hours in Water, will impart fo much of the vitriolic fait it contains to the water, that being mixed with an infufion of galls the li- quor will become reddilh, in the fame manner that the me- dicinal waters of many parts of this kingdom do, which not containing vitriol enough to make ink with, the infufion of galls yet turn reddilh with it. It is hence not improbable, that many of thefe waters owe their virtues to this very fub- ftance. This kind of flate being very frequent in many parts of the kingdom, at different depths under the fuiface j and it being not hard to conceive, that a bed of water paflzng through a large ftratum of it, may acquire thofe virtues in its pailage that we find common water, in our own experiments, becomes poflefied of by a few hours cold infufion. This on being calcined, in order to try whether it be an iron ore, does not after burning, anfwer to the magnet ; fo that it feems to contain no iron at all in the Hate of metal. But this is obfervable, that it calcines to a fort of ochre, be- coming of a yellow colour, and marking as ochres will do. The yellow of this flate being burnt too far becomes of an orange-colour, exactly like the fediment of yellow matter, which we find about the fcrrugineous waters ; and this fediment is hence efteemed by fome to be the remains of this flate dif- folved by the water, rather than iron ore. It is even doubted by fome, whether the yellow ochres are indeed iron ores, or not ; for many of them will not anfwer to the magnet, even after feveral days and nights continued calcination. It is in- deed very certain, that all the naturally red ochres do contain iron, all of them having particles that anfwer to the magnet after a much {lighter calcination than this given in vain to the yellow kinds. Phil. Tranf. N°. 243. p. 272.

TEICHOPCEUS, tmxmw, among the Athenians, an ofHcer who had the care of the city walls ; their number was the fame with that of the tribes, every tribe having the choice of one. Pottery Archasol. Grasc. T. 1. p. 84.

TEITEI, in zoology, the name of a Brafilian bird called alfo guiranheemegeta^ and gurotmdi.

It is of the fize of our red-breaft. Its beak is black, thick, and fhort ; its head, the upper part of its neck, its wings, its back, and its tail, are of a bluiuS black, Alining like the fineft high-polifhed (teel. Its throat, the lower part of its neck, its breaft, and its belly, are yellowifh. Its legs and feet are brown. The female is of the fame fize with the male, but

Tel

differs in colour, being variegated with green, yellow, and grey. It fings very fweetly, and is kept in cages, five or fix together in the fame cage. Marggrave's Hilt. Brafil.

TEJ JGUACU, in zoology, the name of a fpecies of lizard, cumtnon in the Brazils,, and called alfo Tematara. It much refembles the iguana, in its general figure, but dif- fers from it in that its whole body is black, only variegated with fome white fpots ; its tail is thicker at its origin, it has not the feries of ferrated fpines, which the iguana has run- ning all down its back. In the hinder feet the outer toe is alio more remote from the reft, and fhorter ; and it has a long red bifid tongue i and the animal can vibrate it an inch or more out of its mouth, in the manner of fnakes ; but it makes no hifling. It lives principally on the fucking of eggs, but it is capable of bearing hunger a long time ; Marggrave having kept one alive feven months without eating. This fpecies afforded alfo a certain teftimony to that author, of the repro- duction of the tail when cut off. Ray's Syn. Quad. p. 265.

TEIUNHANA, in zoology, the name of a fmall American lizard. It is about the thicknei's of one's little linger, and has a fharp nofe. Its tail is very flendcr, fix fingers breadth long, and terminates in a point almoft as fharp as a needle. Its head is covered with fcales ; its back, fides, and legs, with a tender lkin as foft as fattin to the touch ; and its tail is covered with extremely minute fcales, of a fquare figure. The throat and belly ate covered alfo with fcales of the Tame fhape, but larger. Its head is wholly brown j its back and fides are variegated with ffreaks of brown and green, and with feveral beautiful longitudinal feries of green and black fpots. The throat and belly are white ; but they are beauti- fully variegated with fpots of a fine deep blood-red. The tail is of a dufky yellow or wax colour on the upper part, and of a pale and beautiful fielh colour underneath. Ray's Syn. Quad. p. 267.

TELAMONES, among the Romans, figures of men fupport- ing the out-jetting of cornifhes in architecture. The word, according to fume, is derived from the Greek T&apui, from TtXaw, or rXaw, I bear.

Among the Greeks they were called Atlantes, At^vte?, which comes from the fame word t«x*w, or ta«w, by the figure me- tathefis. Pitifi. in voc.

Telamones, is alfo ufed by the chirurgical writers fometimes for lint, and fometimes for the fillets or bandages, which they apply over their dremngs.

TELE, TtMy among the Athenians, thofe revenues that were brought in by lands, mines, woods, and other public poflef- fions, let apart for the ufe of the common-wealth ; as alfo tributes paid by fojourners and freed-fervants, and thecuftoms laid upon certain trades and goods. See Potter Archasol. Gnec. T. 1. p. 80.

TELEOLOGY, the fcience of the final -caufes of things. This is an ample and curious field of enquiry, though pretty much negle£ted by philofophers. Wolf. Difc. Praslim. Logic.

§.8 5.

1 ELEPHIUM Orpine, in botany, the name of a genus of plants j the characters of which are thefe : The flower is of the rofaceous kind, confifting of feveral petals, arranged in a circular form, and contained in a cup, confifting alfo of many leaves. The piltil arifes from the cup, and is finally converted into a triangular fhaped unicapfular fruit, con- taining a number of fmall and roundifh feeds. To thefe marks it may be added, that the leaves ffand alternately on the ftalks.

The fpecies of Telephhnn, enumerated by Mr. Tourneforr s arethele: 1. The common wild Orpine. 2. The American Orpine, with purfelain leaves. 3. The red-flowered houfe- leek-Ieaved fea Orpine. And, 4. The white- flowered houfe- leek-leaved fea Orpine, lourn. Lift. p. 248.

TELESCOPE (Cycl.)— Mr. Caleb Smith thinks that catadi- optical Telefeopes might be formed with fpeculums of glafs, inftead of metal ; and makes feveral obfervations as to reme- dying the diforders cauled by the different refrangibility of the ravs of light. See Phil. Tranf. N°. 456. feet. 8.

TELET./E, among the antients, were fulemn rites performed in honour of Ifis. Pitifc. in voc.

TEHCARDIOS, in natural hiftory, the name given by fome authors to a ftone found in the fhape of a heart. It owes this figure to its having been found in the Ihell of fome large bi- valve of the cockle kind j and is more ufually known among authors under the name of Bucardites. See the article Bu-

CARDITES.

TELIPHANO, in botany, a name ufed by fome authors for the doronicum, or leopard's bane. Ger. Kmac, Ind. 2.

TELLA Sagrum, in natural hiftory, a name given by the na- tives of the Eaft- Indies, to a kind of earth which they ufe ex- ternally to dry up ulcers, and internally in cafes of coughs and colds. It is ot the nature of the finer clays, and is found at the bottoms of fome of their rivers.

Tella Pajlmum, in natural hiftory, a name given by the peo- ple of the Ealt-Indies to a kind of white arfenic, or rats-bane, found native among them.* * ■

It is well known to be a fatal poifon, and ufed to deftroy vermine. It lies in the cliffs of rivers among ftrata of Hone 3 in