Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 2.djvu/602

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It is of a middle fize between the duck and goofe; its beak is bfoad, ihort, and red ; and at the origin of the upper chap there is a large red tubercle of flefh.. The head and upper part of the neck are of a mixed blackifh and greenifh colour, very glofly and fhining; the reft of the neck is white ; the breaft and moulders are of an orange-colour, which makes a fort of ring furrounding the whole anterior part of the body. The lower part of the breaft and belly have a black broad line reaching to the anus ; the reft of the breaft and belly are white ; as are alfo the under fides of the wings, but juft be- low the tail there is a faint caft of the orange colour. The middle of its back is white. The fhoulder-feathers falling on each fides of the back are black, and the wings are almoft wholly white, only feme of the longer feathers are black. The tips of moft of the tail-feathers are alfo black. Its legs and feet are of a pale red, and their inveflient fkin fo thin, that the veins may be feen under it. They are common on the coafts of Lancafhire, and build in deferted rabbit-holes ; but their flt-fh is not well tailed. Ray's Ornithol. p. 279.

TJEDA, in pharmacy, a term ufed by fome authors to exprefs certain compofitions made up in form of troches. Thefe arc fometimes meant as pefTaries to be introduced into the vagina, and therefore made into this form ; fometimes they are com- pofitions of fragrant or other ingredients for fumigations.

Tjzda, in botany, r. name given by fome authors to the pi- nafter or common wild pine or mountain pine. J. Bauhin, Vol. 1. p. 253.

TALL, an Eaft-Indian weight, being the fixteenth part of a rarr, See the article Bahar.

T./ENARIA, T»iKXjM«, in antiquity, a feftival in honour of Neptune, furnamed Titnarius, from Tisnarus a promontory in Laconia, where he had a temple. Potter, Archasol. Graec. T. 1. p. 432.

T^NARIUM Marmor, the name of a marble ufed by the an- tient architects and ftatuaries. There were two kinds of it, very different in colour, but perfectly agreeing in hardnefs, and in the high polifh they were capable of. The firft or moft frequent kind was black, and was dug from the promon- tory called Tanarus, in the Lacedaemonian ftate ; the other, which was more fcarce, and much more beautiful, was of a green colour with a caft of yellow ; this was dug in the Ta- getan quarries, and was called by fome nwmor berbofum, and xanthon. Strabo.

T/ENIA, {Cycl) in ichthyography, the name of a fifh of the anguilliform, or eel-fhaped kind, common in the Mediterra- nean fea, and brought to market in Italy, and elfewhere. It is a very remarkable little fifh, being of a pale flefh colour with a flight admixture of blue, and is free from fcales ; and its flefh fo tranfparent, that the vertebrae of the back may be eafily counted through it. Its body terminates in a long and very {lender tail. The mouth is fmall, and has one row of fiiarp teeth in each jaw, and is very fingular in that the belly- fin is twice as wide as the back one ; and runs fo far up to the bead, that the anus which is fituated at its termination, is very near the angle of the under jaw. The inteftines are all covered with a filvery peritonaeum, which is feen alfo plain- ly through the flefh. It is commonly of a foot long, and not more than a finger's breadth. Wilhghbys Hift. Pile, p. 116.

There are two bther fpecies of this fifh. See the articles Falx, and Cavirago.

Tjenia Comuta, the horned T&nia, in ichthyology, a name given by many authors, to the fpecies of cobitis, named by Artcdi, the cobitis with a forked prickle placed under each eye. This fifh is properly a fpecies of the cobitis. Schon- J~eldt Hift. Pifc. See the article Cobitis.

T AGETES, African Marygold^ in botany, the name of a ge- nus of plants, the charaders of which are thefe : The flower is of the radiated kind : Its difk is compofed of flofcules di- vided into feveral fegments, and its outer edge of femiflofcules ; all ftanding on embryo feeds, and contained in a one-leaved cup of a tabulated form. The embryos finally become feeds of an angular form, furnifhed with a foliaceous head, and af- fixed to the thalamus of the flower. There are alfo fome fpe- cies in which the flower is wholly compofed of femi- flofcules.

The fpecies of Tagetes, enumerated by Mr. Tournefort, are thefe : 1. The great upright Tagetes, with fingle pale yellow flowers. 2. The great upright Tagetes, with very large double flowers. 3. The fmaller Indian Tagetes, with a fingle flower, commonly called the fingle African, or French mary^old. 4! The fmaller Indian Tagetes, with double flowers, c, The fmall Indian Tagetes, with a double reddifh yellow flower. 6. The middle-fized Indian Tagetes, with a double yellow flower. 7. The Indian Tagetes, with a fingle fiftulous flower. 8. The Indian Tagetes, with a double fiftulous flower, q. The leaft Indian Tagetes, with a velvety flower. 10. The Tagetes, with extremely finely divided leaves. Tourn, Infl p. 4S8.

We have a great many fpecies of this plant annually raifed in our gardens, for the beauty of their flowers. They are propagated by fowing the feeds in fpring, on a moderately hot bed j when the young plants come up, they muft have air

■ allowed them ; and when three inches high, they fliould be

femoved to another hot bed, which fliould be arched over with hoops that it may be fheltered with mats. They are to be planted here at about eight inches diftance, and when they are grown ftronger, as about the beginning of May, they are to be taken up with a ball of earth about their roots, and placed where they are to remain ; or elfe at eighteen inches diftance in a nurfery, where when they flower the fineft forts may be marked and removed, with a large ball of earth to their roots, either into pots, or into the borders of the flower- garden. They are very beautiful \ but their fmell is very of- fenfive. Miller's Gardener's Diet. TAGLIATO, in the Italian mufic, is ufed for a meafure cal- led by the French Barre ; that is, when the character of com-


 * with a pependicu-

mon time is thus marked

lar line drawn down through its middle. It fignifies a pretty quick motion, and contains a breve, or its quantity in fmaller notes, in each bar. Hence it is called Alia breve.

I AJ ACU, in zoology, the name of an animal common in fome parts of America, and called by many authors aper mofchife- rus, or the mufk-boar.

It is of the fhape of our hog, but much fmaller, and has no tail, and its head is broader, and the fnout much lefs pointed than in our hogj the neck is fhort and thick, and the whole body of a grifly colour or mixture of black and grey. Its body is covered with hairs, much thicker and ftronger than our hogs briftles, fomething like the briftles of the hedgehog, and like them alfo variegated with circles of black and white ; thefe are four or five fingers breadth long on the back, and gradually diminifh to the fides ; on the middle of its head be- tween the ears it has a fort of creft, made up of black briftles ; its ears are fmall and erect, and its eyes fmall ; its fnout, feet and hoofs, are juft like thofe of the European hog ; but the two pofterior or exterior hoofs are longer than in any other of the cloven-footed beafts.

What is moft fingular however, in this creature, is a certain gland which he has upon the back, and which has given oc- cafion to fome to fay its navel was placed there. This gland is fituated on the very ridge of the back near the rump, and is fo clofely covered with long briftles, that till they are re- moved by blowing, and keeping them back with the hand, the gland is not to be feen ; when thefe are removed there is feen a fpot almoft naked, in the middle of which the top of the gland is feen ; the lips of this gland ufually ftand a little way above the flefh, and its aperture eafily admits a large ftylus ; and this gland, when lightly prefled, fpews out a liquid fubftance of a brownifh yellow colour, and very fweet fcent, fomething like that of mufk or civet. The gland itfelf is placed between the fkin and flefh, and is not wholly covered by its conftringing mufcle, but only fur- rounded by it at its bottom. Ray's Syn. Quad. p. 120.

TAIIBI, in zoology, the name of an American animal, de- fcribed by Marggrave and other authors, and fuppofed by jbme to be only the male of the Opoflum. The Portugucie in America call it the Cachorro de tnato, and by the Dutch it is called Bofchratte.

Its body is long, its head fhaped like that of a fox, its nofe fharp, and it has whifkers like thofe of a cat ; its eyes are black and prominent, and its ears roundifh, foft, tender, and white. The tail near its infertion has white hairs, and to- ward the extremity black ones, and near the end is naked of hair, having a fkin like that of a fnake over it. Ray's Svn Quad. p. 183. J '

TAIL {Cycl.)— Tails of Fijhes. This part in the fifh kind is the fubjedt of very great diftinctions, among the characters of the feveral genera. It differs in the feveral kinds of fifh in a very obvious manner, in number, fituation, and figure. In regard to the firft difference, the acus lumbriciformis, and one of the kinds of the ferpem marinus, have no Tail at all ; in all other fifties there is a Tail, and it is never more than one on each fifh.

In regard to fituation, there is this great difference, that in fome it is placed perpendicularly, in others horizontally. In almoft all the known fifhes it is placed perpendicularly, ex- cept in the dolphin, the phocaena, the orea, the mana'ti, and all the whale kinds ; for in all thefe it is placed horizontally, when the body is laid in its natural pofture. In figure it has many very remarkable differences, which are of great ufe in ichthyological diftinctions. 1. In fome fifh it is rounded at the end ; as in the cottus, and fome others. 2. In fome it is cut off" even as it were at the end, fo that the whole Tail is a fort of parallelogram ; as in the tench, and fome of the falmons. 3. In fome fifhes it is cufpidated at the end, as is the cafe in the conger, the eel, and the petromyzon. 4. In others it has as it were a fmall fegment of a circle cut out at the end, and fo is flightly hollowed out ; this is the cafe in the caraflius, and fome of the falmons. 5. In many fifh it is forked or opened into two points, making an acute angle ; this is the figure of the Tail in the pearches, the cyprini of many kinds, &c. 6. Finally, the Tail is falcated in many fifh, that is, It is of the lhapeof a crefcent ; as in the fword-fiffi, the tunny, mackrell, and the like. Artedi, Ich- thyolog,

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