Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 2.djvu/601

 TAB

TAD

T.

Tin the Italian mufic, ftands for Tutti, all or alto- gether. See the article Tutti. It is alfo ufed to mark the tenor, and has the «£ words prims, fecundo, or the figures i°, 2°. ad- ^ ded, to fignify the fir ft or fecond tenor. The letters T, t, or tr, are often ufed likewife to fignify a make or trillo, to be made on any found, and are placed over the

b note on which the fhake is to be made ; thus —m — • or

4r

being an abbreviation of the word Trillo. See the

article Trillo.

TABACUM, in botany, a name by which John Bauhine, and fome others have called the tobacco-plant, more ufually known among authors by the name n'tcotiana. See the article Nico- tiana.

TABARZET, a word ufed by fome writers to exprefs highly refined fugar.

TABAXIR, and Arundo Tab axifer a, names by which fome authors call the Bamboo cane. C. Bauhin. Pin. p. 18.

TABERNA Meritoria, among the Romans, Mars's hofpital, or a place where difabled foldiers were maintained at the charge of the government. Danet. in voc.

TABES Dorfalis {Cycl.) — This diftemper, according to a late author, is a particular fpecies of coniumption, the proximate caufe of which is a general debility of the nerves. Of the feveral kinds of confumptions incident to human bo- dies the Tabes dorfalis is the floweft in its progrefs, but the moft melancholy in its circumftances ; and, unlefs timely ob- viated, for the moft part fatal.

This difeafe is incident only to young men of falacious dif- pofitions ; and proceeds from too early venery, an immoderate ufe of it, or pollutions.

It feems therefore to derive its origin from too frequent ve- nereal fpafms. And the immoderate lois of the feminal fluid, has alfo a confiderable fhare in producing the effect. The fymptoms of the Tabes dorfalis are involuntary, noctur- nal feminal emiflions, a pain in the back, and often in the head ; formication in the fpine, an aching pain, rolling, and hanging down of the tefticles, a weaknefs of memory and fight, and a mucous difcharge from the urethra, efpecially after ftraining at the difcharge of the excrements. The mu- cous difcharge here mentioned, is called by Hippocrates /*- quidum femen ; but it is no more than the mucus of the proftate gland. This difeafe is farther attended with great melancholy and dejection of mind ; and a gutta ferena often follows. The eyes grow hollow, the vifage meagre and thin; the body emaciated and weak, a palpitation of the heart, and fhortnefs of breath fucceed ; with a concourfe of hectical complaints, ending in death. For the cure of this diftemper, a regularity of the non-naturals is of the utmoft importance. Good air, rather cool than hot, is of great ufe. As to diet, high-feafon'd meats, fpirituous and fermented liquors, fhould he avoided. No food is (o be- neficial as milk : Chocolate alfo is efteemed, in fuch quan- tities as to fit eafy on the ftofnach. Animal food of eafy di- geftion at dinner, does no harm. Suppers fhould be avoided, at leaft milk only fhould be then taken, about two hours be- fore going to bed. Sleep muft be little, and in due feafon ; that is, the patient fhould go to bed and rife early. Indulgence in bed in a morning is hurtful. The general rule mould be, to rife immediately upon waking ; which, though irkfome at firft, will by cuftom be made familiar and agreeable. Mode- rate exercife, or fo much as the patient's ftrength will admit of without wearlnefs, ought to be ufed. Some recommend riding, efpecially a long journey, by fuch daily portions as to avoid extraordinary fatigue. The fecretions of the body, if out of order, fhould be regulated : And the patient fhould be entertained with chearful company. As to medicines, the clafles of balfamics and aftringents are chiefly ufeful. Among the latter, the Peruvian bark, either in fubftance, extract, or tincture, the acid elixir of vitriol, and the tinftura faturnina or antiphthyfica, are the moft efficacious. Strengthening pla- fters may alfo be laid on the loins; and, chief of all, the cold bath mould be ufed. See Pract. EJTay on the Tabes dor- falis, Lond. 1748.

TABON, in natural hiftory, a name given by the people of the Philippine iflands to a biid called in other places date, and re- markable for the largenefs of its eggs ; though fome accounts of thefe are certainly fabulous. See the article Daie.

TABULARIUM, among the Romans, the name of that part of the treafury where the Elephantine books were kept. See the article Elephantine, Cycl.

Supi'L. Voi,. II.

TABUM, a word ufed by medical writers, to exprefs a thin famous and putrid humour, flowing from old ulcers, or from mortified parts, in cafes where the vital powers are not fuffi- cient for the generation of a perfect or concocted matter. TACET, in the Italian mufic, is often ufed to denote a long reft, or paufe. It ufually fignifies that a whole part is to lie ftill : thus, Chrifle Tacet, depofuit Tacet, intimates that while one or more parts are performing the Chrifle, or the verfe depofuit, he. the part marked Tacet fhould be filent. Broff. TAC-Free, in old charters, an exemption from payments.

Blount. Law Diet, in voc. TACHAS, in ichthyology, a name given by fome authors to

the manati, or fea-cow. See the article Manati. TACIT Decree, in Roman antiquity, fecret deliberations, to which none but old fenators were fummoned, J. Capitolinus mentions a decree of this fecret kind, which he calls S. C. taciturn, and fays, that the ufe of them among the antients was derived from the neceflities of the public, when upon fome imminent danger from enemies, the fenate was either driven to fome low and mean expedients, or to fuch meafures, as were proper to be executed before they were pubhfhed, or fuch as they had a mind to keep fecret even from friends ; on which occafions they commonly recurred to a Tacit decree, from which they excluded their clerks and fervants, performing that part themfelves, left any thing fhould get abroad. Capitol, de Gordian. c. 12. In the early times of the republic there are feveral inftances mentioned by hiftorians, of fuch private meetings of the fe- nate, fummoned by the confuls to their own houfes ; to which none but the old or proper fenators were admitted, and of which the tribunes ufually complained. Vid. Dion. Halle. L. x. 40. L. xi. 55, 57. Middlet, of Rom. Sen. p. go. TACK, in a fhip, a great rope having a wale-knoc at one end, which is feized or faftened into the clew of the fail ; fo is reefed firft through the chefie-trees, and then is brought through a hole in the fhip's fide. Its ufe is to carry for- ward the clew of the fail, and to make it Hand clofe by a wind : And whenever the fails are thus trimmed, the main- Tack, the fove-Tack, and m\fcn-Tack, are brought clofe by the board, and haled as much forward on as they can be. The bowlings alfo, are fo on the weather-fide; the lee-fheets are haled clofe aft, and the lee-braces of all the fails are like- wife braced aft. Hence they fay, a fhip fails or ftands clofe upon a Tack, i. e. clofe by the wind. The words of command are, Hale aboard the Tacks, i. e. bring the Tack down clofe to tiie chefs-trees. Eafe the Tack, i. e. flacken it, or let it go, or run out. Let rife the Tack. i. e. let all go out. The Tacks of a fhip are ufually belayed to the bitts, or elfe there is a chevil on purpofe to faften them. TACKLE {Cycl.) — Burton-T ackle, in a fhip. See the ar- ticle Burton. Gtinners-T ackle, in a fhip, that which ferves to hale the ord- nance in or out. IFiriding-T ackle, in a fhip, a Tackle that ferves as a pennant, with a great double block and three fhivers in each, feized faft to the end of a fmall cable about the head of the maft; it has a guy brought to it from the fore-maft. Into this block is reeved a hawfer, which is alfo reeved through ano- ther double block, having a ftrap at its end ; which being put through the eye of the flings, is locked into it with a fidd, in order to hoift in goods.

The fall of this Tackle is reeved into a fnatcb-block, and fo is brought to the capftan, whereby the goods are luaved. T ACONLAR-Tree, a name by which fome authors call the-

fugar-cane. Marggrave, p. 829. TADPOLE. The animal called by this name is no other than the frog in its firft ftate from the fpawn ; and this creature furnifhes the curious in microfcopic obfervations with a beauti- ful view of the circulation of the blood, efpecially when young. See Tab. of Microfcopical Objects, Clafs I. The method of procuring them for this purpofe in the great- eft perfection, is this : Let a fmall quantity of frog's fpawn be kept for fome days in water, and from this will be pro- duced a vaft number of young Tadpoles ; thefe, while very young, are perfectly tranfparent, and when placed before the double microfcope, the heart may be eafily feen, and its pul- iation regularly obferved ; and the blood protruded thence may be beautifully feen circulating through the whole body ; but particularly in the tail, where tho' fo very minute, more than fifty veflels may be feen at one view. The young brood grow more and more opake every hour, and in a day or two the circulation of the blood can only be feen in their tail, or in the fins near the head. Baker's Microfcope, p. 126. TADOMA, in zoology, a name given by many authors to a fpecies of duck, called by others vulpanfer^ and in Englifh the jhell-drake^ or burrow-duck ; and by fome the ber~ 1 gander.

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