Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 2.djvu/591

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Sosceptor. aurarius, in middle age writers. See the article

AURARIA.

SUSPENSORIUS, in anatomy, a mufcle of the eye. It is fo called, from its ufe in fuch animals as go much with their head hanging down. VeGilius has defcribed it as belonging to man, in whom it is never found. Fifties and fowls are commonly without it, as well as man ; but oxen, and, fo far as has been obferved, all quadrupeds, are provided there- with ; though it is not of the fame ftrudture in all. Dr. Porterfeld, in Med. EfT. Edinb. Vol. 3. Art. 12. The doctor thinks, that the ufe of this mufcle is not only to fufpend the eye, and preferve the optic nerve from being too much ftretched, but principally to afiift the ftreight mufcles in moving the eye, according as its different fibres aft.

SUSSEX marble, a name given by many to a peculiar fpecies of marble found in the county, the name of which it bears, and formerly much ufed in the pillars of churches, and other buildings, but now lefs regarded. The ground of this marble is grey, with a faint call: of green, ■ and it is very thick fet in all parts with fliells ; thefe are chiefly of the turbinated kind, and they are generally filled with a white fpar, which adds very greatly to the beauty of the ftone. It is plain, from confidering the whole mafs of this marble, that this fpar was received into the fliells before they were depofited in the marble. This is about the hardnefs of the common white Genoefe marble, if any thing, fomewhat more hard. The flender round fcapi of the pillars in Weft- mi nfter- Abbey, and in many other of our old Gothic build- ings, are made of this kind of marble. Some people have thought that the fcapi of pillars of this kind, which occur in moft of our Gothic buildings, are artificial, and that they are a kind of fufdc marble caft in cylindric moulds. But any one who will compare the marble, of which thofe pil- lars are made, with its fhells, and the fpar they are filled with, with the marble of the Suffix quarries, will find both to be the fame in every particular. Woodward's Cat. of FofT. p. 20.

5UTORIUS, in anatomy, a name given by Riolanus to a mufcle of the leg, called by Cowper, Albinus, and others, the fartorius. The French authors call it the couturier ; Vefalius, and others of the more early anatomical writers, have called it the primus tibiam moventtum.

SUTURE (Cycl.) — All wounds are not to be united by the needle, but thofe only that are oblique, tranfverfe, or an- gular, and at the fame time very large and deep ; or in cafes where a part is very nearly cut off"; or if a wound is fo circumftanced, that it cannot be kept in a proper fitu- ation by plafters and bandages. Wounds that are to be ftitched, mould be in their recent irate, and mull be firft well cleanfed from extravafated blood, and all extraneous bodies ; there mould alfo be no lofs of fubftance, except in thofe flefhy parts that are eafily elongated j and no contufion, nor

1 any fign of inflammation.

Dry Suture. This is to be ufed in flight wounds, and efpecially when they happen in the face; and indeed, wherever it may appear of force enough to keep the lips of the wound together; and as it gives no frefh pain, and oc- cafions no fear, it is much fitter for wounds of the face than the needle. The plafters, which are to form the dry future, lhould be of a fufficient length, and fhaped like the part to which they are to be applied, fo as to furround the greateft part of it, but not the whole, left they fhould retard the cir- culation of the blood, and bring on tumors, and mifchiefs of that kind: they muft alfo be fuch as will ftick very faft, the diachylon, if good, or the common flicking plafter, are fitted for this purpofe. The haemorrhage being well ftopt, and the wound well cleanfed, fome vulnerary balfam of the gummy kind, as the balfam of Peru, or the like, is to be ap- plied ; and over all a fticking plafter is to be laid, adapted to the fize of the part. Two or more of thefe may be ap- plied, as occafion fhall require, leaving a fpace between, and they are to be fecured in their place by the application of proper bolfters and bandages.

Petit's method of making the future of this kind, is hy let- ting the plafters have one, two, or more openings in the middle, through which the furgeon may difcover, as by the fpaces left between in the former method, whether the lips of the wound are properly united or not; and may alfo be able to apply proper remedies to the part, without removing the plafters. Thefe plafters are applied in the fame manner as the former, and left on till the work is compleated. But there is alfo yet another manner of performing the dry future, to wit; fpread two plafters upon ftrong cloth, an- fwering in fize to the wound ; to the fides or margins of thefe fallen three or four tape firings, according to the length of the wound, and then, after warming the plafters, apply them on each fide of the wound, at about a finger's breadth from it; after this bring the lips of the wound to- gether, drefs it as in the former method, and while an af- fiftant keeps the lips of the wound together in a proper fitu- ation, tie the ends of the tapes, firft in a fingle, and after- wards in a flip knot, to keep the part in contact ; over each ©f thefe mould be laid an oblong comprefs, and over all a Suppl. Vol. II,

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large fquare one, and the whole kept on by a proper ban- dage. I he day following the wound is to be atrain exa- mined, and if the tapes are loofened, they muft be drawn tighter again ; but if they are not loofened, let them remain untouched, and only moiften the parts with a few drops of balfam, and cover them up again with the comprefles and bandages, as before. Some, inftead of the tape, ufe clafps of brafs, or fteel ; but this method is much lefs convenient than the former, and therefore is little ufed. Hei/hr's Sur- g el 7> P- 37-

Bloody Suture. In large wounds, efpecially tranfverfe ones, as their lips cannot be kept in their fituation by means of the dry future, which is frequently the cafe in wounds of the thigh, or in the abdomen, nates, or arms; or when pieces hang from the wounded part, as often happens 1 in wounds of the forehead, cheeks, nofe, or ears; or when wounds are large, and made in an angular, or cruciform manner, the needle muft be ufed to bring their lips together ; and this is called the bloody, or the true future. This ope- ration is alfo diftinguifhed into two kinds, the fimple, and compound.

The fimple future is that which is performed only by the affiftance of the needle and thread : to this clafs belong the interrupted future, the glover's future, and the twifted ju- ture; the laft of thefe is feldom ufed but in cafes of the hare-, lip, and the fecond only in wounds of the inteftines ; but the firft is in common ufe for all wounds which require the true, or bloody future.

The beft method of making the common, or interrupted future, is this. Take a double thread, well waxed, pafs it through a ftrong crooked needle; when the lips of the wound are brought together, and held firmly in their proper fituation by an amftant, with one ftroke pierce through them both, pafling the needle through the lower lip from without inwards almoft to the bottom, and fo on from within outwards, obferving to make the punctures at a finger's breadth diftance from the wound, which in this cafe we will fuppofe to be in length two fingers, varying this diftance according to the fize of the wound. After taking oft 7 the needle, tie the ends of the thread firft in a fingle. knot, and then in a flip knot, covering all with the fame dreflings, as are ufed in the dry future. But if the wound be fo large, that one ftitch will not be fufficient, then two or more are to be made, according to the length of it, at about a finger's breadth diftance one from the other. To prevent the knots from bringing on any mtfehief, lay a fmall linnen comprefs over the fingle knot, and make the flip knot over that; which, if any pain or inflammation fhould fuc- ceed, may be afterwards eafily loofened at plcafure. This is the method to be obferved in ftrait, oblique, or tranfverfe wounds; but where there are angles, as in a tri- angular wound, you are to proceed in the fame manner, but obferve to let the future begin at the angle, and the other ftitches be taken about the middle, both ways ; but if the wound be quadrangular, or have two angles, like the Greek letter n, which fomctimes happens in the face, then the futures muft be made in both the angles ; and when the wound is fo large, that thefe are not fufficient, then as many more, as are neceflary, muft be made in the midway be- tween them. When you meet with a cruciform wound, and the lips of it cannot be kept together by the ufe of plafters, the bloody future muft be made, by pafling the needle through the lips, near the end of each extremity of the wound ; and when the ftitches are all thus made, the threads muft be tied as m the other cafes. HeiJIers Sur- gery, p. 38.

Compound Suture. Some of the furgeons among the antients ufed a compound future for large wounds, inftead of the in- terrupted future, now generally practifed : they preferred this method, becaufe it prevented the lips of the wound from being lacerated, which fometimes happened when the other method was ufed, and not only prevented the wound from uniting, but frequently brought on other grievous dif- orders ; and though this method has of late years been re- jected, and particularly by Dionis, in his Surgery, yet many ftill prefer it, in feveral cafes, to the common interrupted future', but inftead of the pieces of Wood ufed by the anti- ents, thofe, who now pra<£tife it, ufe pieces of plafter rolled up in a cylindrical form, of the length of the wound, and of about the fize of a gocfe-quill, from whence it is called by fome the quilled future. This method prevents tumors, pain, and inflammations, which might be brought on by the hardnefs and preflure of wood.

Palfynus performs this operation, in *deep wounds of the mufcular parts, with a large and ftrong crooked needle, fur- nifhed with a double thread well waxed, which has alfo a bow at one end. The needle thus fitted being pafled thro* both lips of the wound, in the fame manner as in the other operations of the true future, and af erwards a fecond, and a third, patted in the fame manner, a roll of plafter is to be introduced into the bow ends of the thread, which are left hanging out; then when the needle is taken out at the other fide, another roll of plafter is to be placed between the ends of the thread; and the lips of the wound being 3 R r r branch