Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 2.djvu/589

 SUP

Supinator longm, a long flat mufcle, lying on the external condyle of the os humeri, and on the convex fide of the radius, from one end to the other.

It is fixed by flefliy fibres to the external intermufcular li- gament, and to the crifta of the external condyle of the os humeri, for five or fix fingers breadth above the condyle, between the brachials, and anconeus externus; from thence it runs along the whole convex fide of the radius, and is inferted by a flat narrow tendon, a little above the ftyloide apophyfis, in the angle between the concave and flat fides of the extremity of this bone. JVinffoufs Anatomy, p. 189.

SUPPLE. To fupple a horfe, in the manege, is to make him bend his neck, fhoulders, and fides, and to render all the parts of his body more pliable.

SUPPOPLIT^EUS, in anatomy, a name given by Spigelius, and fome others, to the mufcle more generally known by the name of the poptittsus. See Poplit^eus.

SUPPRESSION {Cycl.)— Suppression of urine. There are commemorated, in the Philosophical Tranfactions, three cafes of an actual and total fupprejjion of urine, fuppofed to proceed from a ftone lodged in the neck of the bladder; but in all which, on introducing the catheter, it was found that there was no ftone there, nor any urine in the bladder. In all thefe cafes the fame remedy was ufed; that is, a great quantity of acids diluted largely with water, and in confe- quence of this the urinary fecretion was immediately reftor- ed, and the patient foon voided it in a proper manner, and was reftored to health without any further ufe of medicines. PhHof. Tranf. N° 253.

A fupprejfion of urine fomet'imes happens to women with child, by the womb falling down, and preffing on the ure- thra. See Act. Acad. Nat. Curiof. Not. 4. Obf. 113.

SUPPRESSIONS ignis, a fire of fupprejjion^ a term ufed in chemiftry to exprefs fuch ah application of fire to any fub- jecT:, that it fhall at once act upon it above and below in the fame manner. The ufual way of giving this heat, is by covering the veffel, in which the ingredients are put, with fand, and then laying hot coals upon that, fo that they may heat through the fand downwards.

SUPPURATION {Cycl.}— When in tumors and phlegmons nature fhews a tendency to fuppuraiion, or ripening, all the jefolving, or difperfing medicines muft be laid afide, and great care muff be taken to forward the maturity of the inflammation, that is, to convert the ftagnating blood into laudable matter; then to give a difcharge, or vent, to this fuppurated matter, afterwards to cleanfe the part, and fi- nally to incarn, and heal it.

The firft of thefe intentions, the ripening the fwelling, is to be promoted by fuch of the emollient medicines as ob- ftruct the pores of the (kin, as fats, oils, and glutinous me- dicines; as alfo the fharp, pungent, and, in fome degree,

■ cauftic medicines, which may be ufed in form of fcata- plafms, or plafters. Of the firft kind are mallows, marfh- mallows, figs, linfeed, honey, crumb of bread, the various animal fats, and the oils of Iillies, chamomile, &Z. and of the latter, or the fharp and pungent ripeners, are garlic, onions, faffron, turpentine, and many of the gums, as galbanum and ammomacum; and laflly, four leven of bread.

Medicines compounded of thefe are to be applied hot to the part, and the application frequently repeated, till the matter within is found to be fufficiently ripened, by the foftnefs and whitenefs of the tumor. But when the abfeefs is fmall, it is more convenient, and fufficient, to apply fome of the ripening plafters, as diachylon, with the gums, or the like, till the fuppuration is perfected.

Nor are internal remedies wholly to be neglected in cafes of this kind, efpecially where the tumors are large, or of con- fequence. In thefe cafes, when the blood moves too flowly, which may be known by the pulfe, the patient muft be al- lowed to eat meat, and muft take fuch medicines as are warm and ftimulating; by means of which, and by the in- creafed motion of the blood, the infpiffated particles con- tained in the fmaller vcflels will be the more eafily con- verted into matter.

Strong broths are very proper for this purpofe, as alfo the ufe of wine, or ale, in moderation; and Venice treacle, di- afcordium, and the confection of alkermes, are to be the medicines taken three or four times a day, and medicated teas, made of fanders-wood, faffafras, or cinnamon. But, on the contrary, when the motion of the blood is too vio- lent, and the heat too great, cooling medicines are to be given, fuch as the thin and watery drinks, the fubacid me- dicines, and nitre; bleeding, in a fmall quantity, is alfo often neceffary in this cafe. But when the conftitution is found, and the blood's motion regular, the ufe of internal medicines, to promote fuppuration, is trifling, and may be altogether rejected. When by thefe means the matter is perfedly formed, the abfeefs is to be carefully opened by the furgeon, and the matter difcharged, after which the wound is to be cleanfed and healed in the common way. Heifier's Surgery, p. 183.

SUPRACOSTALESj mufcles irregularly triangular, and fi-

S U R

Mated on the back part of the ribs, near the vertebra, com- monly called levatons cop arum.

Each of thefe is fixed by one tendinous extremity in the tranfverfe apophyfis, which lies above the articulation of each rib, and to the neighbouring ligament; the firft be- ing inferted in the tranfverfe apophyfis of the laft vertebra of the neck, and the laft in that of the eleventh vertebra of the back. From thence the flefhy fibres run down ob- liquely, increafing in breadth as they defcend, and are in- rerted in the back part of the outfide of the following rib : fome of the fibres often pafs beyond that rib, and are fixed in one or more of the ribs below it by feveral digitations, which he at a greater diftance from the vertebra;, in pro- portion as they run lower. In the inferior ribs thefe digita- tions are more confiderable than in the fuperior. Winlfoul* Anatomy, p. 232,

Supracostales long!, in anatomy, a name riven by Ver- heyen to thofe mufcles of the loins, which Albinus has de- ferred under the names of the levatons longi coftarum. See the article Levatores.

SUPRASPINATUS, in anatomy, is a thick narrow mufcle, in fome meafure penniform, filling all the fupra-fpinal cavity of the fcapula. '

It is fixed to all the pofterior half of the fupra-fpinal h!h, and fometimes its infertion reaches near the neck of the bone. Then the fibres leave the furface of the bone, and being, as it were, fupported by the fat, or cellulous fub- ftance, pafs between the acromium, and neck of the fca- pula, under the arch formed by the acromium and extre- mity of the clavicle, and under the ligament between the acromium and apophyfis coracoides; being afterwards in- ferted in the fuperior furface of the great tuberofity of the head of the os humeri, very near the bony channel. This mufcle is covered by the trapezius, fFinlloufs Anatomy, p. 184.

SUPREME pear, a name given by the gardners to a fmall pear, called alfo by fome the little mufi pear. It is of a roundifh fhape, and is ufually produced in clufters. The ftalk is fhort, and when it is ripe, the fkin is yellow. The juice is fomewhat mufky. If it be not fuffered to hang till too ripe, it is an excellent pear. It ripens in the be- ginning of July, and continues good but a few days. The French call it le petit mufcat. Miller's Gard. Dift.

SURA, (Cycl.) the name of a drink ufed in the Eaft-Indies, and made of the juice that flows from the cocoa-tree. Beyle'% Works Abr. p. 51.

This juice being evaporated, and expofed to the fun, forms a fugar, but it is little efteemed. Beyle, ibid. p. 53.

SUR CUI in vita, in law, a writ that lies for the heir of a woman, whofe hufband aliened her land in fee, and fhe neglected to bring the writ cui in vita for recovery thereof, her heir may bring this writ againft the tenant after her de- ceafe. F. N. B. 193. Terms of Law. Blount, Cowel.

SURCULUS, in the anatomy of plants, a word ufed to ex- prefs that part of the branching of the ribs of a leaf which is of a middle kind, between the great middle rib and the fmalleft reticular ramifications. The middle rib is, by the writers on thefe fubjefls, called petiolum. The firft divifions, that go off laterally from thefe, ara called rami, or branches; the next divifion of thefe, into more minute ones, are called furiuli; and the final divari- cations of thefe into the reticular work, that fpreads itfelf over the whole leaf, arc called capillamevta. Many, however, confound thefe two laft divifions, and call all beyond the fecond divifion, or lateral branches of the middle rib, by this name of furculi. A&. Erudit. 1722. See Petiolum and Ramus.

SURD (Cycl.) — Simp\efurds are commenfurable in power, and by being multiplied into themfelves give, at length, rational quantities. But compound/^, multiplied into themfelves, commonly give irrational produas. Yet in this cafe, when any compound furd is propofed, there is another compound furd, which multiplied into it, gives a rational product. Thus \i j a—^/b were propofed, multiplying it by v'a 1 -]- ,/ai-f v'i*, the product will be a — b. The inveftigation of that furd, which multiplied. into the propofed furd, gives a rational product, is made eafy by three theorems, delivered by Mr. Maclaurin, in his Algebra, p. 109, feq. to which we refer the curious. This operation is of ufe in reducing furd expreflions to more fimple forms. Thus fuppofe a binomial 1 furd divided by another, as ^20 + ^/12 by ^5— ^/ 3) the quotient

might be expreffed by — — ^~^~ — But this might be

V 5 — V 3 expreffed in a more fimple form, by multiplying both nu- merator and denominator by that furd, which multiplied into the denominator, gives a rational product : thus, y' 20 + J 12 _ ./n + t/ 12 y" 5 + < / 3 _

y5-s3 I " s y*r-V3 x '■/ 5 + ,/ 3 ~

v' 100 + 2 •60 -f 6 _ 16 -f- 2 ,/6o _ ,

3

= 8 + 2^15.

To do this generally, fee Mac Laurin, lib. cit. p. 113. ' J Wl

When