Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 2.djvu/582

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refpiration, getting into the child's mouth, would equally prefs the nipple with the other parts of the breaft, and con- sequently the caufe of the ifl'uing out of the milk would no longer fubfiil ; the mouth being no longer capable of perform- ing the office of a pump, than while it is empty. Hence, according to Mr. Maloet's account, the child born without a palate could not fuck, becaufe the nofe and mouth hud, by the abfence of this organ, a conftant and uninterrupted communication.

This account however did not feem right to Mr. Petit, for thefe reafons : a void in the mouth is not at all efTential, ■ or ncceflary to fucking^ as appears every day by women's milking their cows ; when, without any fuch void, and by the mere preflure of their hands, -they get out the milk. All the mechanifm ufed here, is a continual fucceflion of ftroaking down the teat, one hand fupplymg the place of another, and here is milk extracted without either avoid, or a pump; and if the action of fucking be nicely obferved in an infant, it will be found to amount only to the fame thing. It feizes the nipple, and makes with its lips a fort of flefhy canal, which receives, and continues gently to prefs it. The lips are found by anatomy to be compofed of partly longitudinal, and partly tranfverfe fibres ; in the action of feizing the nipple, the firft of thefe are extended as far as they are capable, and afterwards their natural contraction fqueczes the nipple, and does what the hands of the milk< do on the cow's teat, prefling out the milk in the very fame manner. The fhape of the nipple being larger at its origin, than at the end, makes it eafily Aide out of the child's mouth, and this gives the infant conftant occasion of lay- ing hold of it higher up, and then if it flip a little, that is only a motion which, as the child's lips inclofe it round, will the more facilitate the flowing out of the milk, which is thus forced from above downwards. The lips of the in- fant, though they are thus afliftant, are not however the only organs employed in fueling, the jaws are of great ufe, by their force and power of compreiuon, and the tongue is a very ferviccable afliftant.

The tongue in infants is extremely thin, tender, and flexile : this is applied clofely to the under part of the nipple, and when it afterwards is drawn down toward the bottom of the mouth, there is then indeed formed in that place a fort of void, which determines the milk to flow readily in there, efpecially as the tongue itfelf has before given the principle of fuch a motion. Nor is this all the ufe that Mr. Petit al- lows the tongue in fucking ; he obferves, that the root of it may be as ferviceable to the child in the fwallowing the milk, as the tip of it was in getting it out of the nipple ; for when the milk has been conveyed along it to tie lower part of the palate, in the manner of a gutter, the root at that time prefling againft the cefcphagus, compels the milk to run down it, and then the tip is again employed to the fucking out more milk ; and the action of fucking is thus al- ternately relieved by fwallowing, and both greatly aflifted by the* tongue. It is very poffible, from the different ftruc- ture of the parts, that in the infant firft mentioned, the root of the tongue might be incapable of its office of af- ftfting in fwallowing, while the tip of it readily performed its office of fucking ; and this Mr. Petit takes to have been the occafion of its death, for the child lived only five hours.

From this theory of fucking it is plain, that a child born without a palate may yet be able to fuck by means of its tongue. Mem. Acad. Scienc. Par. 1735. We are told of a man's giving fuck to a child, and thereby rearing it ; but we do not find any other evidence of the truth of the ftory, than the word of the man, or pretended man, who was a besrgar. See Philof. Tranfaci. N°a6i.

P- 8, 3-„.,

In the Philofophical Tranfactions we have an account rjf a

woman, of fixty eight years of age, giving fuck to her grand- children. This woman had not borne a child for twenty years, or upwards. It would feem, as if the fucking of the child had brought milk into the breafts. See N° 453.* feci:. 10.

Sucking fijb t in ichthyology. Seethe article Remora.

SUCU, in botany, a fpecies of apple-tree, faid to be frequent in the province of Canton in China. The fruit is dried like figs to be kept all the year, and is brought into Europe. It is fomewhat larger than our apple, almoft round, and of a reddifh colour, or fomctimes green. When it is dry, it has a cruft refembJing honey or fugar. Hofm. Lex. Univ, in voc.

SUDARIUM, in ecclefiaff ical writers, the fame with brandcum. See the article Brandeum.

SUDIS, in zoology, a name ufed by moft authors for the fea pike, a fifh called by others lucius marinus, and Jbhy- raua. See Tab. of Fifhes, N° 44.

It in fome degree refembles the common river pike, but is thinner in proportion to its length, and in fome degree approaches to the acus, or tobacco -pipe-iifh, in that parti- cular. Its fcales are final], and its nofe long, and of a conic form, the under jaw running out a good way beyond the upper, and ending in a fharp point. Its mouth is very

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wide, and yellow within ; its tongue large and narrow, and armed all along with fharp and fmall teeth. The jaws are furniflied each with a Angle row of large and fharp teeth, fet at fome diftance one from another; and in the middle of the lower jaw is one tooth longer than the reft, which has a hollow in the upper jaw made to receive it. It has two fins on the back, which are both, but efpecially the fore one, very prickly ; and the tail is very deeply forked. It is caught in the Mediterranean, and ulually fwims in. fhoals together. lis ufual length is ten or twelve inches ; and it is efteemed a very well tafted fifh. Ray's Ichthyogr. p. 273.

SUDORIFIC (Cyf/.)— Afafe, eafy, and effectual fndorific may be, prepared in the following manner. Take an ounce of refined camphor, beat it in a marble mortar with two ounces of blanched almonds, till it be reduced to a lrnooth and even pafte. This may be formed into pills, or bolufes, and given, according to the ftrength of the patient, and other confidcrations, from three grains to forty. Sudorific, perfpirative, and alexipharmic medicines, make a large part of the common difpenfatories. A few medicines, well chofen, might fupply the place of all thefe ; and of x\\Qfc one principal one would prove to be camphor, which trial will always (hew to be greatly fuperinr to bezoar, Gafcoign's powder, lapis contrayerva, and the like. Shatu's Lectures, p. 227.

SVEGLIATO, in the Italian mufic, is ufed for a brifk, lively, gay manner of finging or playing. Thus they fay ■maniera fvegliata.

SUET A, in ichthyology, a name given by Bellonius, and fome other writers, to the nafus, a fpecies of cyprinus, according to the Artedian fyftem, and diftinguifhed by that author by the name of the cyprinus with the fnout (landing prominent, in form of a nofe, and with forty rays in the pinna ani. See the articles Cyprinus and Nasus.

SUFFIBULUM, among the Romans, a name given to the pratexta of the pontiffs, and palla of the Veftal virgins. Pitifc. Lex. Antiq. in voc.

SUFFIMENTA, fumigations, in pharmacy. The fumigations prefcribed by difpenfatory writers are reduced to two kinds ; the one conducive to health, the other only to pleafure; and of each kind fome are of moift, or liquid ingredients, others of dry ones.

The fumigations for pleafure are compofed of fragrant and iweet-fcented fubftances, and are ufed in form of powders, troches, or medicated candles. The firifc are ufually pre- pared of ftorax, benjamin, lignum aloes, cinnamon, cam- phor, mufk, ambergris, and civet, mixed in due quanti- ties, and all reduced together to a powder. The fecond kind, or troches, are compofed of the fame kind of pow- dered ingredients, and are made into a pafte with a mucilage of gum tragacanth, and then cut into form. And the laft: kind, or candle fumigations, are prepared of the melted fweet gums, with labdanum, made up into the form of large can- dles, with as much of the beforementioned fweet ingredi- ents as can be received into the mafs. Thefe, though only meant for luxury and pleafure, yet have medicinal virtues ; and as they abound in cordial fubftances, cannot but revive the fpirits, and refift contagion. The moift fumigations of this kind confift of the powders before named, blended among a large quantity of rofe and orange-flower water, and of folutions of ftorax, and other of the fweet gums in fpirit of wine.

The fumigations ufed to reftore health are of feveral kinds. Some are meant only as corroboratives, and thefe are com- pofed of much the fame ingredients with thofe ufed for pleafure ; others are ufed to dry up abundant humors, to purge the lungs, or to promote the menfes. In all diforders of the uterus, there fhould be added to thefe fumigations, galbanum, caftor, and afla fcetida. A common fumigation is aJfq ufed, by throwing tobacco on coals, and receiving the fmoak through a funnel ; and to this are fometimes added colt's foot leaves, with other pectoral herbs, and a little fulphur. Thefe are very ufeful for drying up ulcerations of the lungs, and other diforders of the breaft. The moift fumigations, for the fake of health, confift either of fome fimple liquor, fuch as vinegar, wine, aqua vitse, or rofe water ; and in fome cafes, as for the difcuffing hard tumors, a red-hot brick, or ftone, is thrown into vinegar* and the fteam is received on the part. This is alfo a fumi- gation often ufed in times of peftilential contagion, and that with great fuccefs. Decoctions of uterine herbs are alio frequently ufed for fumigations in feveral diforders of the womb.

Olibanum, amber, ftorax, and balfam of Tolu, make a fine dry fumigation for a catarrh : and in hyfteric cafes, great benefit is often found from holding the head, with the mouth open, over a hot folution of an ounce of afla fcetida in a pint of ftrong wine vinegar.

SUFFITION, fuffitio, among the Romans, a kind of luftra- tion, prattifed by perfons who had attended a funeral ; it was performed by walking over fire, and being fprinkled with water. Pitifc. in voc.

i SUFFOCA-