Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 2.djvu/573

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ehtred upon their feveral exercifes ; after this they returned to the alipterium, where they had the fweat and fordes wiped off from their bodies by the alipta with an iron ftrigil.

The fordes taken off from the body, and confifting of oil, duft, and fweat, were preferved for medicinal purpofes, and we find them ufed among the old phyficians. The ftrigils were of the fhape of a gardner's knife; they were made of different materials, as ivory, horn, gold, fil- ver, iron, brafs, and the like; but in fome after times the word was only ufed to fignify a linnen cloth, or a piece of fpunge, which every one carried about him for his own ufe. The fordes, faved for medicinal purpofes, were called Jirig- menta. Sec the next article.

STRIGMENTUM, the filth, dirt, or fordes, abfterged from the fkins of thofe that bathed in the baths and places of public exercife among the antients, or from the walls of bathing places, or ftatues fet up in them. Thefe were all referved for medicinal purpofes, and were properly of three kinds. The firft, or bath ftrtgments, con- fifted of the fweat, oil and fordes, collected in thofe places. The fecond kind was the ftrtgments of the palseftra, con- fifting of the fame things, with the addition of duff, which was thrown upon the bodies of the perfons before they en- tred on thofe exercifes. The third kind was that collected from the walls of the gymnafia, and from the ftatues, of whatever materials they were made, which were placed there. Hence the nature of the firft and fecond kind might always be afcertained, but that of the third was very dif- ferent ; for as it was often collected from brafs and copper ftatues, it partook of the nature of the ruft, or aerugo of thofe metals which was collected from them with it. Thefe ftrtgments were fuppofed to be of a heating, drying quality, and difcutient ; they were, therefore, ufed for dif- cuffing the parotides, and for condylomata of the anus. Thofe of the palseftrEe were ufed to difcufs collections of matter about the joints ; and applied in the manner of a cataplafm, were faid to be of great ufe in the fciatica : and thofe collected from the walls and ftatues were ufed to cleanfe old ulcers.

STRIGONIENSIS terra, earth of Strigonium, in the materia medica, a red earth of the bole kind, found about the fold mines at Strigonium in Hungary, and ufed in fome places as an aftringent and fudorific.

The characters by which it is known from the other earths, are thefe. It is but of a coarfe and impure texture, and lighter than moft of the boles ; in colour it is of a ftrong, but dull red, and is of a tolerably fmooth furface. It is apt to crumble to pieces between the fingers, and ftains the ikin in handling. It melts freely in the mouth, and has a remarkable fmoothnefs, but very little aftringency in its tafte, and leaves a fenfible grittynefs between the teeth. It is fome- times veined and fpotted with fmall molecular of an earth, like the whitifli variegations of the red French bole. It makes a flight effervefcence with aqua fortis, or any other acid men- ftruum, and fuffers no change of colour by burning. Hi IPs Hift. of Foff. p. ir.

STRIGOSULA, in natural hiftory, a name given by Mr. Lhuyd to a fpecies of foffile oifter-fhell. See the article Fojfi/e Shells.

STRIKE [Cyd.) — Strike a nail, in the manege, is to drive through the horfe's fhoe, and the horn or hoof of his foot. and to rivet it for holding on the {hoe.

Strike a vein, in the manege. See Bar, Append.

STRIKING {Cyd.) — Striking-toj&«/, in a clock, the fame with that which by fome is called the pin-wheel, becaufe of the pins which are placed on the round or rim (which in number are the quotient of the pinion divided by the pinion of the detent-wheel. J In fixteen days clocks, the firft, or great wheel, is ufually the pin-wheel; but in fuch as go eight days, the fecond wheel is the pin-wheel, or ftriking-wheel See Pin-wW, Cyel.

STRILLOZZO, in zoology, a name by which fome authors have called the emberiza alba, or bunting, or perhaps a bird fomewhat different from our bunting, and common in Italy for it is not yet afcertained, whether the Jiriliozzo fpeci fically differs from the bunting, or only by fome accidental variegations.

STRING (Cyd.)— Strings of metal, a term ufed by our miners to exprefs thofe thin and fmall veins of ore, into which the beds or veins degenerate toward their terminati- ons. Thefe are from an inch to a tenth part of that in thick - nefs, and run through the folic! rocks to a great diftance. The ore in them is ufually very pure and rich, and as they lie in the rocks, communicating with the larger veins of ore, they refemble the feveral fmall brooks and rivulets in a hilly country, which by degrees uniting all their ftreams, form the rivers. See the articles Load and Vein.

STRINSIA, in ichthyology, a name given by authors to that fpecies of the gadus, which is called by fome Iota, and by others muftela jiuviatilis ; by us in Engliih the eel-pout. Olaus Magnus calls it the borbocha \ and Artedi, who refers it to the genus of the gadi, diftinguifhes it by the name of the

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gad,,, with two fins on the back, with even jaws, and beards

iTD7o C m0Uth ' Sce the articIe Gadus. V i !•' "/'f- A cllafe is faid t0 /"'> '•imfclf into fhort or fighting finis, when he puts out his colours in the poop ; His flag on the main-top; his dreamers or pendants at the cut. or his yard-arm ; furls his fprit-fail ; peeks his mifen ; and flings his main-yard. In which cafe the chafer muft prepare himfcif for fight.

ST JU VALE, in zoology, the name ufed by many for the filh more ufually known by the name of aper, the boar-fifth. It is a fmall filh, of the fhape of the dore'e, caught in the Me- diterranean. Aldrovand. de Pifc. p. 270. See Tab. of ™. N" 19. See the article Aper.

S 1 RIX, the owl. In the Linnaean fyfrem of zoology, this makes a diftinft genus of birds of the hawk kind, the di- ftinguifhmg characters of which are, that the feet have three toes before, and only one behind, none of which are move- able backwards. Linnm Syft. Nat. p. 44.

Strix is more particularly made the name of the common brown owl, or ivy owl This is diftinguifhed from the other fpecies of the otvl kind by thefe charaflers. Its beak is of a pale horn colour, and but fhort, yet the opening of its mouth is very wide. Its eyes are remarkably large and protuberant, and the apertures of its ears very large; and covered with a membrane ; and its eyes are nearer to its ears, than in any other animal. Its face is furrounded with a double circle of feathers, and its back is mottled with brown and black, and its belly of the fame colour, but fome- thing paler, as if it had a mixture of whitifiinefs. The legs are feathered almoft down to the toes, and the outer feather of its wing is much fhorter than the reft, by which it is di- ftinguilhed from the aluco without any farther mark. Ray's Ornitholog. p. 66.

ST ROBILE, a word ufed by chirurgical writers to exprefs a pledget of a twifted form.

STROBILUS, among botanifes, a kind of pericarpium, form- ed of a number of vaginas with contorted points applied clofe to one another. See Pericarpium.

STROBULUS, among the antients, a kind of mitre, which rofe to a height by many windings and turnings, and ufed by the barbarians ; initead of which the Romans wore the apex, which had a high, but flreight top. Pitifc. in voc. See the article Apex.

STROCAL, in glafs making, a long iron infirument like a fire-fhovel, ufed to empty the metal out of a broken pot into a whole one. Neri's Art of Glafs Append.

STROMATEUS, in ichthyology, a genus of fifhes of the malacopterygious, or fort-finned kind, the characters of which are thefe. The body is very much compreffed, and very broad and thin ; it has no belly fins, and has only one back fin, which is extended over the whole back. The only known fpecies of this genus is the callichthyt of authors, a fifh called the frntola at Rome. The tail is very forked ; the mouth is very fmall ; the teeth are placed in the jaws and palate ; and the tongue is fmooth and broad. The body is frriped crofsways. Artedi, Gen. Pifc. p. 15. Thejlnmateus is a broad, flat, and fhort fea-fifh, fomething refembling the turbot in figure, and thin both on the back and belly, but fwimming erecf, not fiatwife. Its common fize is of about a pound and half weight ; its colour on the back a pale bluifh, and on the fides and belly a filvery white ; and on its back, and upper part of its fides, it is very beautifully variegated with yellow lines and fpots, and towards its belly with others of a paler tinge of the fame colour. There are two longitudinal lines on the fides* the one ftrait, the other arched and bent. Its fkin is ex- tremely thin and tender, and is covered with fcales. The tail is forked, the end of the fnout obtufe, and the mouth very fmall. It has only one row of teeth in each jaw, but it has, befide thefe, two bony fubitances in its mouth, all over covered with fmall teeth. It has no belly fins, but has two fmall ones at the gills, and one long one running down the back, and another fingle long one anfwering it near the tail. It is caught in the Mediterranean, and brought to market at Rome under the name of the lampuga, and is a very delicate filh. Ray's Ichthyography, p. 156. 3TROMBUS, in conchyliology, the name of a genus of fhells, nearly allied to the buccinums, and called by the ge- nerality of authors turbo. See the article Turbo. STROMLINGUS, in ichthyology, a name given by fome writers to the aras of the Greeks, which is no other than the common herring. See the article Halec. There is no other difference between the Jiromling and her- ring, but that the former is fmaller. STROPHIARIUS, among the Romans, a perfon who pre- pared and made thejlrapbia. See Strophium. STROPHIUM, among the Romans, a fhort fwath or band, wherewith the young women kept down the fwelling of their breads. Pitifc. hex. Ant. in voc. Strophium was likewife a bandage for the head, made of two or three garlands of Bowers tied together. Pitifc. loc. cit.

STROPPUS,