Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 2.djvu/511

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flowered meadow-forrel. 3. The tatzAovr-forrel with curled leaves. 4. The great mountain -forrel. 5. The Pyrenean forrel with very long and narrow leaves. 6. The mountain- forrel with a broad and roundilh leaf, fomewhat refembling that of arum. 7. The mountain-_/flw/ with leaves like thofe of the lemon-tree, and with branched twigs. 8. The mountain-/orr£/ with undulated leaves, and not branched twigs. 9. The dwarf mountain-/orn?/ with the fagopyrum leaf. 10. The mou.nta.in-/orre/ with knotty points. 1 1. The tuberofe-rooted forrel. 11. The fortel with pale green arifa- rum leaves. 13. The mount&m-foi'rel with narrow arrow- headed leaves. 14.. The marygold-leaved forrel. 15. The atriplex-leavcd fhining forrel. 16. The great Italian forrel with round glomerated feeds. 17. The lanceolated fieid- forrel. 18. The tall narrow-leaved lanceolated, or fheep's forrel. 19. The narrow-leaved creeping lanceolated forrel. 20. The imnW forrel with leaves not lanceolated. 21. The ..Cretic forrel with prickly feeds. 22. The fmall Cretic forrel .' with utrlculated feeds. 23. The bafil-leaved forrel. 24. The . American forrel with leaves ftanduig on very long foot-

- ftalks. 25. The roundifli-leaved trce-forreL 26. The round- leaved garden-yVre/. 27. The round-leaved Alpine forrel. 28. The round-leaved creeping Yorkfhire forrel with leaves finuated in the middle. 29. The creeping fhielded-

forrel. 30. The little erect forrel with multifid leaves. 31. The trihxUleaved Indian forrel. Tourn. Inft. p. 502. Sorrel feeds are found to contain a vaftly larger proportion of the active principles this plant abounds with, than either the leaves or the roots. They afe efteemed aftringent, and good in diarrhoeas, dyfenteries, and haemorrhages. We much neglo£t this plant, becaufe it is common; yet this plant alone has very often proved a remedy for the fcurvy. Mr, Morin, of the Academy of Paris, who in the Hotel Dieu had many hundred fcorbutic patients, cured the , greater part of them only by forrel boiled and eaten with

//"W-Sorrel, lujuhy in medicine, is a very grateful acid ; in fevers it quenches thirft, and takes off the heat of the fto- mach. It is recommended in fevers of all kinds, and the

. fcurvy; alfo in obftructions of the liver and of the vifcera. It is fometimes given in decoction in fevers, and the expreffed

■ juice is mixed with the juices of the other antifcorbutic plants againft the fcurvy;

Externally, it is extolled againft inflammatory eruptions of all kinds in decoction, which is to be ufed by way of fomen- tation. There ufed to be a fyrup, but, at prefent, only a conferve of this plant' is retained in the fhops. Sorrel, in the manege, is ufed for a reddifh colour. The

■ mane -ought to be red, or white, in a horfe of this colour. . It is diftinguifhed, according to the degrees of its deepnefe,

into a burnt forrel, and a bright, or light forrel. Generally fpeaking, it is a fign of a good horfe. SORY, in natural hiftory, the name of a folfile fubftance, much fpoken of by the antients, but fuppofed to be now

■ loft : this, however, proves to be an error, for it is plenti- fully produced in the caftern parts of the world, and is in common ufe there, only under another name; neither

- indeed is it peculiar to that part of the world, though the inaccuracy of the late writers of foflils has made them over- look or miftake it.

It 13 a firm and not brittle fubftance, though of a fpungy and cavernous ftructure, and is conliderably heavy. It is found in maffes of no regular fhape or fize, fome being roundilh, others angular or flatted, and fome of the fize of a wallnut, others of many pounds weight. It feels very harfh and rough to the touch, and is covered with no in- veftient coat or cruft, but fhews its natural furface, which is always corrugated or wrinkled, and ufually full of final] protuberances and cavities, and when broken, is found to be of a rugged and fpungy ftructure within. Its natural colour is a rufty black, but it is fometimes red- difh, and fometimes bluifh ; and is commonly ftained, in different places, with fpots of a bluifh or ruft colour, when black ; and of a greenifti hue, when it is of a reddifh colour : in the places where it is free from thefe, it is ufu- ally fomewhat bright and fparkling. It is of an acrid and difagreeable tafte, and of a ftrong and naufeous fmell : put into the fire it burns to a deep purple, and if boiled in water a great part of-it becomes difTolved in it ; and this may again be feparatcd from the water by evaporation and cryftal- iization, and then appears in the form of pure blue vitriol, forming regular rhomboidal cryftals, and tinging iron to a copper colour, on being firir wetted, and then rubbed upon it. Hill's HUh of'Foff. p. 606.

It is found in many parts of theTurkifh dominions, particu- larly in Gallo-Grascia ; as alfo in fome parts of Germany. In this country it is boiled for the blue vitriol it contains. In Turky it is mixed with lime, and made into a pafte with water, which is laid on fuch parts of the body as they would eradicate the hair from, and effects that purpofe in a very few minutes. In the eaftern nations, where it is thus ufed, it is known by the name rufrna.

The antients ufed it externally to take off pimples, and : put a piece of it into a hollow tooth, as a remedy fof the Suppl. Vol. II.

SOU

tooth-ach. There can be no doubt of their firy being the fame fubftance with this; fmce Diofcorides has defcribed it to be blackifh in colour, full of fmall cavities, moift on the furface (as ours always is in moift weather) and of a difa- greeable tafte and fmelh

This fubftance, as alfo the chalcitis, rhify, and melanteria; are all properly ores of vitriol, the particles of thofe falts be- ing fo perfeaiy blended in them, as not to be at all diftin- guifhable to the naked eye, yet being always regularly fepa- rable from them by water, which is to the faline fares what fire is to thofe of the metalline kind. Hill's Hift. of Foff. p. 607.

SOSPIRO, in the Italian mufic, a paufe or reft, equal to the time of a crotchet. See the articles Pause* Rest, Cha- racter, CycL

Canone al Sospirq. See Canone al fofp'iro.

SOSTENUTO, in the Italian mufic, denotes that the found is to be held out in an equal and fteady manner for the whole time of the note. Thus they fay create fojlemte* See Corelli) Concerto 8.

SOTIRELLA, a name given by fome to a compound medi- cine, in form of a hard mafs, and confifting of opium and fome other narcotics, with camphor, wood-foot, and nut- meg. It is defcribed in the Auguftan Difpenfatory, and is intended to be put into hollow teeth, as a remedy for the tooth-ach.

SOUGH, otherwife called an addit, in mineralogy, is a paffao-e like a vault cut out under the earth, to drain the water from the mines. Houghton's Compl. Miner in the Explan. of the Terms.

SOUL (Cycl.)—$ovL-fcot, a certain fee paid by our Saxon an- ceftors to the prieft on opening a grave. "See the article Burial.

Souh-trees y in mining. See the article Stows.

SOUND (6y.J~Mr. Euler b is of opinion, that no found making fewer vibrations than 30, or more than 7520 in a fecond, is diftinguifhable by the human ear. According to this doctrine, the limits of our hearing, as to acute and grave, is an interval of eight octaves.— [ b Tentam. Nov; Theor. Muf. cap. 1. feet. 13.J

Sound, in the manege. A horfe is faid to be found that does not halt. When a jockey fells a horfe, he warrants him found hot and cold ; that is, that he does not halt either when you mount him, or when he is heated* nor yet after alight- ing, when he ftands and cools.

SOUNDING (Cy/.)— Sounding the pump^ at fea; is done by letting fall a fmall line, with fome weight at the end* down into the pump, to know what depth of water there is in it.

SOUR land, in agriculture, a term ufed by the farmers to ex- prefs a cold and fomewhat wet clayey foil. This muff, have its tilth according to its ftate and condition, when they fet about it. If it have a ftrong fwarth upon it, then they give it a fallow, by turning it up when the fun is in Cancer : this they call a fcalding fallow, and efteem it of great ufe, becaufe it kills the gfafs roots, and makes the land fine; but if it be light, and have but a thin fwarth, they leave it for a cooler tillage, and plow it early in the year, when their clay is fallowed.

Pigeon's dung and malt-duft are the moft proper manures for this foil. The malt-duft is to be fown with the winter- corn, and plowed in with it, for then it lies warm at the roots of the corn all winter. Plot's Oxfordshire, p. 246.

SOURDON, in zoology, the name of a bivalve fhell-fifh found on the coaft of Poitou, and other places. It is a fmall fifli, its length being little more than an inch, and its breadth about three quarters of an inch. Its fhells are both confiderably convex, the outer furface is deeply furrowed, but the infide is perfectly fmooth, The fifh buries itfelf lightly in the fand, and has a pipe of communication, which it raifes to the furface ; but as this creature never buries it- felf deep, the pipe is neceffarily very fhort ; but they are cut into feveral fegments at the extremity, and appear as it were fringed, and have feveral hairs growing from thefe feg- ments. The fourdon is capable of a progrefliye motion by means of a limb, fomewhat refembling that of the other chamas ; but more than any approaching to the nature of a leg, as it in fome meafure reprefents, in miniature, a hu- man leg with a clumfy boot upon it : by means of this limb the creature can eafily bury itfelf in the fand, or rife up out of it, or move horizontally on the furface, and that as well backwards as forwards, and that with more fwiftnefs than could be well fuppofed. Mem. Acad. Par. 1710.

SOURIS, in the manege, is a cartilage in the noftrils of a horfe, by means of which he fnorts. See Snort. The cutting of this cartilage is called in French effouriffer,

SOUTHERNWOOD, abrotcnum, in botany, the name of a genus of plants, the characters of which are wholly the fame with thofe of wormwood, and the plants are only to be diftinguifhed by their very different general face and ap- pearance.

The fpecies of fouthermuood, enumerated by Mr. Tourne-

fort, are thefe. I. The broad-leaved fccntlefs afyrotanum,

2. The great narrow-leaved male abrotanum. 3. The greateft

1 U u m narrow-