Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 2.djvu/477

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fomewhat toward a triangular figure, and are free from any long fpines. See Murex.

Ledpard-SHELL, in natural hiftory, the Englifh name of the pardus, a kind of voluta ; fo called, from its fpots refem- bling thofe of a leopard. There are three kinds of this, one fpotted with black, another with yellow, and another with red. ..

JWtf-SHELL, in natural hiftory, a name given by many to a fpecies of porcelain, refembhng a young hair in colour. See the article Porcellana.

Ligbining-SnELL, in natural hiftory, a name given by fome authors to a fpecies of murex with variegations on its body, refembling the pictures we commonly fee of flames of light- ning. See the article Murex.

Map-SHELL, in natural hiftory, the name given by fome to a peculiar fpecies of porcelain -yZW/, the figures on which reprefent the lines on a map. See Porcellana.

Noah's a^-Shell. See the article Noah.

Oi/ler-SnELL. See the article Oister.

Old w^-Shell, the name given by fome to that fpecies of chama, which the French alfo have called vie lie ridee. See the article Vielle ridee.

'Omzos-Shell. Seethe article Ostrea.

Pipe-StiELL, in the materia medica. See Entalium.

Saddle-SnELL, in natural hiftory, the name of a fpecies of oifter, which in fome degree reprefents a faddle in its fhap' See the article Ostrea.

St. James's Shell, in natural hiftory, a name given by writ- ers on Jbells to a very beautiful fpecies of variegated pecten, See the article Pecten.

St. Michael's Shell, in natural hiftory, a name given by au- thors to a fpecies of pecten, or (caMop-Jbell. It is of a bright yellow colour. See Pecten.

Seorpion-SaELL, in natural hiftory, the name of a fpecies of murex, very much approaching to the nature of the fpider- Jhell. This is a common Jhell in cabinets. It is of a yellow colour, and very deeply ridged, and full of tubercles ; there arife from the lip of the Jhell five large fpines, or, as they are ufually called, fingers, and two others, which are very much bent, the one from the head, the other from the tail : thefe are very elegantly radiated with white and a fine vio- let colour on the lips. See the article Murex.

Screw-StiELL, See the article Turbo.

Small-pox-$HELL, in natural hiftory, a name given to a re- markable kind of concha venerea, or porcelain -JheU, the protuberances on the furface of which are fuppofed to repre- fent the puftules of the fmall-pox. There are two fpecies of this Jhell, the one white with flattifh protuberances, the other greeriifh with more elevated ones. See the article Porcellana.

Sha^-Shell, in natural hiftory, the name given by many to that beautiful fpecies of porcelain-^//, the fpots of which re- prefent thofe of a fnake's fkin. See the article Porcellana.

Spider-SHELL, the name of a kind of murex. See the articles Arancha, Concha, and Murex.

Strawberry-Sti. ell, in natural hiftory, a name given by col- lectors of Jbells to a very beautiful fpecies of cordiformis, fpotted with fmall round red fpots.

Swallow-SHELL, in natural hiftory, the name given by au- thors to a fpecies of oifter, which in fome degree reprefents the figure of a fmall bird flying. See Ostrea.

Swan-SHELL. See the article Cigne.

TTg^T-SHELL, in natural hiftory, the name of a fpecies of por celain, or concha venerea, fuppofed to reprefent the fpots on i tiger's fkin. See Porcellana.

Trumpct'SHELL. See the article Trumpet.

Turban- Shell. See the article Turban.

Turnep-SHELL. This is a fpecies of fez-Jbell, by others called the radijh-jhcll. It is exactly of the fhape of a turnep, and is of the dolium, or concha globofa kind. Thofe who have called it the radiJh-Jhcll, allude to the great black round- rooted radifh, not to our common radifh. See the article Dolium.

§UELL-apple, in zoology, an Englifh name for the Ioxia, or crofsbill ; given from his manner of fplitting an apple, and feeding on the kernels, leaving the Jhell of the pulp untouched. Ray's Ornitholog. p. 181. Seethe article Loxia.

SHELL-drake, in zoology, a common Englifh name for the tadoma. See the article Tadoma.

bHELL-fiJh. Thefe animals are in general oviparous, very few miranccs having been found of fuch as are viviparous. A- mong the oviparous kinds, anatomifts have found that fome fpecies are of different fexes in the different individuals of the fame fpecies, but others are hermaphrodites, every one being in itfelf both male and female : in both cafes their encreafe is very numerous, and fcarce inferior to that of plants, or of the mod fruitful of the infect clafs. The eggs are very fmall, and are hung together in a fort of clufters by means of a glutinous humour, which is always placed about them, and is of the nature of the jelly of frogs fpawn ; by means of this they are not only kept together in the parcel, but the whole clufter is fattened to the rocks, Jbells, or other folic! fubftances, and thus they are preferred from being dnven on more by the waves, and left where they cannot fucceed. Langius, Method, Teftac.

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SntLL-gall-bifecl, an infect of the gall-infect clafs, fomewhaf refembling thofe which are called the boat-fafhioned ones, but differing in this, that as the two ends of that fpecies are not very different in form, in this kind one of the ends is fharp and pointed, in comparifon with the other. It has its name of Jhell-injecl, from the refemblance it bears to a muf- c\e~Jhell; as it is, in its whole form, not unlike one of the two Jbells, "in which the common fea-mufcle is enclofed, but the pointed end of this injcSt is much more extended in length, than the fmaller end of this jhell. This fpecies is extremely fmall, and may be eafily miftaken for the minute cafe, out of which fome fmall infect has efcaped j or in another ftate, for the neft in which fome fmall infecl: had depofited its eggs : but if the afliftance of the microfcope be called in, they will eafily be difcovered to be true gall-infects, even as foon as they are hatched from the eggs. This fpecies, at its full growth, is fo fmall, that it requires good eyes to difcover it. It is brown, very fmooth, and polifhed on the furface, and much of the colour of the bark of fome trees. It has ufually an edge of a cottony matter, vilible where its fides touch the tree, and its eo-o-s are always depofited on a fine cottony bed. The younc ones are white, flat, and have two fmall horns, and fix legs. In this ftate they are known to be of the gall-infect clafe; not by their likenefs to their parent, but to the young gall-infects of other fpecies. They march about very brifkly for fome time after they are hatched, and after that fix themfelves, and then begin to grow, and by degrees alter their form, till they at length are of the fame fhape with their parent. Rcaiwiur, Hift. Inf. Tom. 4. p. 69, 70. Su.ELL~fand, a name given by the farmers, in fome parts of England, to the fragments of jhells found on the fea-fhores, and ground to a fort of powder, fo that they refemble fand. There is alfo another kind ufed as this is, in fome parts of Cornwall, and compofed of fragments of a fort of tender white coral. This is found principally about Falmouth, and is called by the fame name of Jlicll-Jand, though very improperly. All the kinds are of great ufe in agriculture, but they are differently efteemed by the farmers, as they are more or lefs rich, which they know by their colours. The reddifh kind is efteemed moft of all, next to this the blue is judged the beft, and after this the white. Such as is dredged up from under the water, is always found better, than fuch as is found dry on the fhores ; and fuch as is en- tirely compofed of Jhells is to be chofen, rather than fuch as has fragments of ftone among it, which is a very common cafe.

In Cornwall they ufe this as the general manure of their land ; they carry it up in lighters as near the lands, where it is to be ufed, as they can, and thence it is fometimes car- ried to the place, where it is to be ufed, by carts, and fome- times by men with horfes, a horfe being able eafily to carry thirteen gallons of it at a load. One man drives feven or eight of ihofe horfes in a train, and the farmers find it worth their while to carry it ten or twelve mile from the water fide in this manner. At this diftance it ufually cofts about eight pence the load, but where the lands lie near the water, the price is very inconfidcrable. So much of this fand is ufed in the county of Cornwall, that the land-carriage alone, at this eafy rate, is found to amount to more than thirty thoufand pounds a year, and the advantages from it is very- great ; fo that it is wonderful, that the practice is not ex- tended all over the kingdom where the fea-coafts are near. Phil.Tranf. N Q ii3.

SnELL-toothed, in the manege, an appellation given to a horfe that from five years old to old age naturally, and withuut any artifice, bears mark in all his fore teeth, and there ftill keeps that hollow place with the black mark, which is called in French genne de feve, i. e. the eye of a bean; in- fomuch, that at twelve or fifteen he appears with the mark of a horfe that is not yet fix : for in the nippers of other horfes, the hollow place is filled, and the mark difappears, towards the fixth year, by reafon of the wearing of the tooth. About the fame age it is half worn out in the middling teeth, and towards the eighth year it difappears in the cor- ner teeth : but after a Jhell-toothed horfe has marked, he marks ftill equally in the nippers, the middling, and the corner teeth ; which proceeds from this, that having harder teeth than other horfes, his teeth do not wear, and fo he does not lofe the black fpo*. Among the Polifh, Hungarian, and Croatian horfes, we find a great many of them hollow- toothed ; and generally the mares are more apt to be fo than the horfes.

SHELTIE, the name of a fmall, but ftrong kind of horfe, found in the ifland of Zetland, commonly called Shetland. In the country, the price of one of thefe horfes is about a guinea. Phil.Tranf. N" < "473- feet. 8.

SHERARDIA, in the Linnsan fyftem of botany, a diftinct genus of plants, the characters of which are, that the cup is a fmall perianthium, divided into four fegments, fituated on the germen, and remaining after the flower is fallen. The flower confifts of one petal, which is a long cylindric tube, divided into four fegments at the end ; the fegments are pointed, and the flower placed flatwife. The fhraiua are 3 four