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white fepta. This alfo is common about London, and ge- nerally lies near the furface. 5. A hard greyifh brown one with brown fepta. This is a very firm and hard one, and is found in the clay pits about London, but generally lies deep. 6. A hard ferrugineous brown one with brown par- titions. This is a particularly ftrong and firm kind, and is lefs common than the preceding kinds. It is found however in Surry, and on the coafts of Yorkfhire. 7- A foft whitifh one with brownifh yellow fepta. This is the moft ioft, lax. and crumbly, of all the bodies of this genus, and is lefs com-

■ mon than moft of the kinds. It is found in Leicefterfhire and Yorkfhire, and has been met with at Paddington. 8. An elegant cruftated one with a bluifh nucleus, and brownifh yellow crufts. This is very rare, and has been found only about Loughborough, and once in the neighbourhood of Deptford. 9. A hard dufky brown one with very thick fepta. This is common in the cliffs, and on the fhores of York- shire, and has been found alfo in the clay-pits about Rich mond and Deptford. 10. A hard greyifh brown one, divid- ed into talc by thick whitifh partitions. This is found in Lciceilerfhire, Yorfhire, and Norfolk. 1 1 . A brown com- prefled kind with yellow fepta. This is often found of three feet in diameter. It is common in the cliffs, and on the fliores of Yorkfhire, SufTex, and Kent. 12. A whitifh grey very hard kind, looking like flint. This is a very lingular fpecies, and greatly fuperior to all the reft in- the clofenefs of its texture. It is found near Peterborough in North- amptonfhire, and fometimes in the neighbourhood of Lon- don. And 13. a bluifh one, brown on the outfide, with white fepta. This is a very lingular, though not very beau- tiful fpecies, and is very fcarce. It is not known of any where, except at Loughborough in Leicefterfhire, and in the great clay-pit at Richmond. Thefe are the fecomite of thefe colours.

The yellow fecomite are, 1. A hard pale yellow one with few and thin partitions. This is found about Highgate, and is common on the fhores of Yorkfhire. 2. A foft dufky yellow one with very thick fepta. This has but little beauty, but it is very frequent in our clay pits, thofe about Deptford abounding with it. 3. A hard bright yellow one, with va- riegations of brown. This is a lingular and very beautiful fpecies, the brown variegations being fometimes found in

- veins, fometimes as a central nucleus. This is not known of any where, except on Mendip-hills. 4. A very hard brownifh yellow undulated one, with very few, and thofe whitifh partitions. This elegant fpecies is found alfo only on Mendip-hills. And 5. a hard greyifh yellow one, divid- ed into talc by thin yellow partitions. This is a very beau- tiful mafs, and is frequently met with on the Yorkshire fhores j fometimes alfo about Highgate.

The ferrugineous fecomia are thefe, 1. A round yellowifh ruft coloured one, with thin draw coloured partitions, found in Somerfetfhire, and about Iflington. 2. A roundifh ferru- gineous red one with yellow fepta, very common in North- amptonfhire and Yorkfhire, and fometimes found in the clay-pits about Iflington. 3. A ferrugineous brown one with whitifh fepta ; a fpecies of very little beauty, found on the {hores of Yorkfhire. And 4. a hard blackifh brown one, with a yellow cruftated coat, found about Richmond, and in fome other places. Hill's Hift. of Foff. p. 510, feq.

SECOND {Cyd.)— Second, in mufic. What is faid in the Cyclopedia under this head wants correction ; the truth is this. There are three kinds of feconds occurring in practice, the lefTer, the greater, and the fuperfluous _/mW; to which, if the enharmonic genus were reftored, we might add, the diminifhed fecond. The leffer fecond is the femi-tone major, and is nearly equal to 5^ commas. The greater fecond is the tone, which being either major or minor, there muft alfo be two greater feconds ; one nearly equal to 8-1- commas, and the other to g' : commas : but practitioners ufually con- found thefe two. The fuperfluous fecond is a tone major, and femi-tone minor ■* ; the other fuperfluous fecond, arifing from the tone minor and femi-tone minor, is not in ufe. Laftly, the diminifhed fecond is a femi-tone minor lefs than the hii'ar fcond; that is, equal to the diefis enharmonica. Thus between E and F b, or between A and B b b , would be a diminifhed fecond, as alio between G fharp and A b. This laft has been pradifed by an eminent mufician of this age b. — [ a See the Table, under Interval. *> Mr. Handel, in the Oratorio of Samfon, in the fecond part of the fong, Re- turn, return, God of bo/ls.]

Some authors, asOzanam c, call the femi-tone minor by the name of diminijhed fecond; but this is contrary to the ana- logy in like cafes, where diminifhed is ufually applied to in- tervals a femi-tone minor lefs than a true diatonic interval. Thus the diminifhed feventh is a femi-tone minor lefs than the flat feventh, or feventh minor. — [ c Diet. Mathemat. P* 653'] See the Table, under Interval.

Dimhiifocd Second, in mufic. See Diminished fecond.

Second de Foreille, in anatomy, a name given by Vieuflens and others to a mufcle of the ear, called by Cowper and others jlapidaceus, zndfiapedis mufculus; and by h\b'm\is Jlapedium. Window calls it le mufcle de Vetrier. See Ear.

Second deliverance, fecunda deliberation e, a judicial writ that lies after nonfuit of the plaintiff in replevin, and a rcturno habendo of the cattle replevied, adjudged to him that dif- trained them ; commanding the flierift" to replevy the fame cattle again, upon fecurky given by the plaintiff in the re- plevin for a redelivery of them, if the dillrefs be iuftihed. It is ' -a fecond writ of replevin, &c. F. N. B. 68. Terms of

• Law. Blount-, Cowel.

SECRETARIUM, among the Romans, a reclufe room, where the judges confidered the caufes that had been litigated before them, and came to a refolution what fentence they were to pronounce from the tribunal. It was moft ufually feparatcd from the tribunal by a veil. Pitifc. in voc.

SECTA (Cycl.) — Sect a ad curiam, a writ which lieth againft him who refufeth to perform his fuit to the county court, or court baron. F. N. B. 158. Blount, Cowel.

Sect a curia, in our old writers, fuits and fervice done by the tenants at the court of their lord. Paroeh. Antiq. 320.

Secta facienda per Mam qua habet aniciam partem, a writ to compel the heir that hath the elder's part among coheirs, to perform fervice for all the coparceners. Reg. orig. 177. Cowel.

SzcTAfalda. See Faldege, Cycl. Not.

Secta molendini, a writ lying where a man by ufige, time out of mind, csV. has ground his corn at the' mill of a cer- tain perfon, and afterwards goes to another mill with his corn, thereby withdrawing his fuit to the former. And this writ lies efpecially for the lord againft his tenants, who hold of him to do fuit at his mill. Reg. orig. 153. F. N. B. 122. Bkunt, Cowel.

Secta regalis, a fuit by which all perfons were bound twice in a year to attend the fheriff's tourn, and was called rega- lis, becaufe the fheriff's tourn was the king's leet; wherein the people were to be obliged by oath to bear true allegi- ance to the king, C3V. Blount.

Secta unica tantimi facienda pro pluribus btsreditatibus., a writ that lies for an heir who is diftrained by the lord to do more fuits than one, in refpecl: of the land of divers heiis de- fcended to him. Reg. orig. Blount, Cowel,

SECTILIA, among the Romans, pavements laid with ftones cut into various forms. Suetonius difringufihes them from thofe that were teflelated. Pitifc. in voc.

SECTION [Cycl) — Ccefarian Section. Many have exclaimed againft the cruelty of this operation, and certainly it is too terrible to be ufed on any, but the moft emergent occafions ; but there feem three cafes in which it is juftifiable, nay abfo- lutely neceflary. The firft is when the mother is dead, ei- ther in labour, or by fome other accident, and the child is perceived to be alive. The fecond is when the mother is living, and the foetus dead, and incapable of being extracted by the common pailages by any help of the midwife. And the laft, when the mother and child are both living, and there is found an utter impoffibility of delivery any other way. In all thefe cafes the Caffarian practice is juftifiable to fave life, that muft otherwife be inevitably loft. In the firft cafe, the operation muft be performed immedi- ately after the death of the mother, otherwife it is to no purpofe, for the child can live but a very little time after- wards in the body. The furgeon is, in this cafe, to make a crucial incifion, as in the common diflcdirions ; or a lon- gitudinal one on one fide, without regard to the coUrfe of the fibres or veflels ; and if the foetus mould have fallen into the cavity of the abdomen, through a rupture of the uterus, it fhould then be taken out ^ or if it be yet in the womb, or in the fallopian tube, thefe parts muft be carefully opened, and the child being taken out, muft have Hungary water pr the like, held at fome fmall diftance from its nofe to re- vive it, and the navei firing be tied up as ufual. The fcetus is not always prefcrved, orYound alive after this operation ; but as there is often a probability of it, it is certainly better to open an hundred dead women in vain, than to lofe the life of one infant.

In the fecond cafe, when a dead fcetus .is contained in the cavity of the abdomen, in the fallopian tube, or in a kind of hernia or facculus without the abdomen, of all which cafes there are inftances recorded ; or when from the particular ftructure of the parts, as is fometimes the cafe in crooked women, and others ; and when, as in many inftances, there is no poffibility of the extraction of the infant, even by in- cifion of it, there is no way but the opening the abdomen, and, if neceflary, the uterus of the mother, and taking out the fcetus ; and this is often the means of prefervino- the mo- ther, and when in parallel cafes the child is alfo alive, there have been not a few inftances of both being preierved. Hcifler's Surgery, p. 29,

The Csefarian feclion is recommended by feveral authors* and Mr. Helvetius communicated to the Academy of Sciences at Paris, a well attefted hiftory of a woman recovering after the operation had been performed upon her by a midwife. Vid. Hift. de l'Acad. des Scienc. 1731.

We have alfo an account of this operation fuccefsfuliy per- formed by a midwife in Ireland. See Med. Ell Edmb. Vol. 5. art, 37.

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