Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 2.djvu/414

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anthlum, divided into five fegments, which ftand wide ex- panded, and remain when the flower is fallen, and are of an oval figure. The flower is of the fhape of a truncated cone; it is of the length of the cup, and is dentated at the edge, and fulcated. There are no ftamina, but the apices ftand each at the fummit of one of the jags of the flower, and are of a roundifh figure. The germen of the piftil is of an oval figure ; the ftyle is of the length of the flower, and is of a pointed form ; and the ftigma is headed. The fruit is an oval berry with four deep furrows, divided into four cells, and containing a number of kidney-fhaped feeds in an oval receptacle. Linnseus thinks this nearly related to the Ttielia. Phonier, 24. Linncsi Gen. Plant, p. 520. SANALIA, a name given by fome authors to thofe tumors,

commonly called meliceres. SANAMUNDA, in botany, a name ufed by fomc authors for the fea heath fpurge, or empctrum of the fhops ; a plant of the thymelsea kind.

In the materia medica, however, according to moft cata- logues, the fanamunda is appropriated to be the name of the heath fpurge, another plant of the thymelsea kind, different from the fea fort. Park. Theatr. p. 203. Dale's Pharmac.

P- 3H- „.

SANATES, among the Romans, an appellation given to thofe people in the neighbourhood of Rome, who hav- ing revolted, foon fubmitted themfelves again ; on which account they had equal privileges with the other citizens, there being a law in the twelve tables ordaining ut idem juris fanatibus quod forctibus fit. Pitife. in voc.

SANATODOS, in natural hiftory, a name given by the peo- ple of Sicilv to the fpungy excrcfccnce found on the ftalk of the dog rofe, and more ufually called the bedeguar. This they greatly efteem in all venomous bites, and ufe it in fine powder, both internally and externally, in many parts of that country. They ufe no other remedy for the bite of a viper : the wound is fcaiified, and fome of the powder is fprinklcd on, and large dofes of it are alfo given internally in ftrong wine.

In the bite of a mad dog they apply it to the wound, foft- encd into a fort of pulticc with oil, or with ftrong wine ; and they give it in repeated dofes internally in broths, and other weak fluids. They give it alfo in continual fevers, and in many other cafes, particularly in the colic. It is faid, that a iingle dofe of a dram of it, in red wine, takes off all the pain of the colic in an hour.

There feems a very old opinion on the fide of this medicine, in the cure of a bite from a mad dog; for Pliny tefls us, that the root of the wild rofe, from the italics of which this fubftance grows, was revealed in a dream for the curing this terrible difeafe. People, who have found out fome one virtue in a plant, are generally ready to attribute a great many more to it ; but though too much may be faid in praife of the virtues of this fubftance, by the people of that part of the world, it is well worth trying whether it does not contain fome of them, as it is a thing very common among us, and eafily had in any quantities. Bsccone's Mufeo de Piante.

SANCTORIAN tables, is ufed to fignify fuch regifters as ex- hibit the quantities of perfpiration, its proportion to ftool or urine, tsV. We have fuch tables from the obfervations of Dr. Lining at Charles-Town, South-Carolina. See Philof. Tranf. N° 470, and 475.

SANCTUAR1UM, in ecclefiaftical writers, the fame with brandeunu Sec Brandeum*

SANDS, arena:, in natural hiftory, a genus of foffils, the cha- racters of which are ; that they are found in minute con- cretions forming together a kind of powder, the genuine particles of which are all, of a tendency to one determinate fhape, and appear regular, though more or lefs complcat concretions ; not to be diflblved or difunitcd by water, or formed into a coherent mafs by means of it, but retaining their figure in it; tranfparent, vitrifiable by extreme heat, and not diflbluble in, nor effervefcing with acids. Hill's Hift. of Fofl'. p. 544.

Thefe are fubjeci to be varioufiy blended and intermixed cither with homogene, or heterogene particles, particularly with flakes of talc ; and according to thefe, and their dif- ferent colours, are to be fubdivided into feveral kinds,

iVhite Sands. Of fuch of thefe as are pure and fret from heterogene particles, we have only fix known fpecies, 1. A fine fhining kind, commonly ufed for fire wing over writing, and common in many parts of the kingdom. 2. A large Dialing white /and, found in great plenty about Maid- ftone, and lent up to London for the making our common \vhite flint glafs. 3. A very fine white glitteringyW, found on the fliores of fome rivers in Italy, and ufed there for the fineft glafs. 4. A brownifh white fine, but dull looking fand, very common in France, and ufed there in glafs- making for the green glafs ; but though common enough with us alfo, is fo much inferior to the other kinds we have, that it is never ufed or regarded. 5. A yellowifh white fine dull [and, common in the deferts of Africa, and not lefs fo in Italy, America, and England, but made no ufe of. And 6. a reddifh white one, common in SufTex, and in many other places.

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Of the white funds, mixed with fimly particles of other co- lours, we have three fpecies. 1. A large brownifh white fhining fand, found, fo far as is yet known, only in one place, which is in the loam pits in Hedgerley near Windfor- and thi3 is the very fand, of which with clay that Ipam is compofed, and to which probably it owes its value. 2, A large yellowifh white fhining fand, which nearly rcfcmbles the former kind, and which might be of ufe to make an artificial loam, in the place of the natural one beforemen- tioned, as alfo in the glafs trade : this is found about Dept- ford, Highgate, Hampftead, jGsfr, 3. A large coarfe varte, gated fand, made up of white, black, reddifh, and brown : this is very common in our gravel pits, and on the fhores of the fea and rivers.

Of the white funds, containing heterogene particles, there are alfo three kinds. I. A fine dull brownifh white fand, with micse, or fmall fpangles of talc ; this is common near the furface in moft parts of England. 2. A fine dull green- ifli white fand, with mica.-, common about Deptford, Wool- wich, &c. And 3. a fine glittering greyifh white fand, with micse, found in great plenty on the fhores of the iflands of Scilly.

Red, or reddifh Sands. Of thofe which are pure there are five fpecies. 1. A large fhining red fand, found on the fhores of the ifland of Santoriui. 2. A large fhining flefii coloured fand, common about Naples. 3. A coarfe fhining brownifh red fand, common on the heaths of Suflex. 4. A fine brownifh red fhining fand, found near the furface onHamp- ftead heath. 5. A fine pale brownifh red Alining fand, fre- quent near the furface 011 the heaths of Suflex. Hill's Hift. of Foffils.

Of the impure reddifh fand we know only one fpecies, a pale red very fine one, with mica; ; this is common in the deferts of Arabia, and not in any other place, fo far as is yet known.

Vellotv Sands. Thefe are a very numerous fort. Of thofe which are wholly pure we have thirteen known fpecies. 1. A fine pale brownifli yellow one, common on Hampftead heath. 2. A fine fhining pale reddifh yellow one, common about Highgate. 3. A very fine fliining pale yellow one, common in the deferts of Arabia, and alio found with us in Kent and Suflex. 4. A fine fliining gold coloured fand, common on Hampftead heath. 5. A very coarfe fhining pale yellow one, frequent every where to the north of London. 6. A coarfe dull whitifh yellow one, common in Hyde-Park. 7. A large fhining yellow one, found alfo in Hyde-Park. 8. A coarfe very bright yellow one, found in Northampton (hi re, and in fome other counties, g, A large dull yellow one, common on the fhores of our rivers. 10. A fine dull deep yellow one, common in America, and in England. 11. A dufky yellow fhining coarfe one, found on Hampftead heath. 12. A coarfe fhining brownifh yellow one, common among gravel about London. Of thofe mixt with arenaceous particles of other colours, we have fix known fpecies. 1. A fine greenifh yellow pale and dull one, found on Hampftead heath. 2. A fine o-reenifh and reddifh yellow pale dull one, found in Suflex. 3. A coarfe blackifh yellow fhining one, common about Tyburn and elfewhere. 4. A fine blackifh yellow fhining one, com- mon about London. 5. A large fhining blackifh and pale yellow one, found about Hampftead. 6. A fine deep yel- lowifh brown fhining one, found in Gloucefterfhire, and fome other counties.

Ol" the yellow fands which contain heterogene particles, not arenaceous, we have nine fpecies. 1. A brownifh yellow fine one, with micas, found about Hampftead. 2. A fine pale reddifh yellow one, with fmall fpangles, common in America, and found with us in Suflex and elfewhere. 3. A coarfe ftraw coloured fand, with micse, found in Suflex, and about London. 4. A coarfe fulphur coloured fand, with micse. This is a more fcarce fpecies. 5. A large fhininf yellow fand, with micas, found on Hampftead heath. 6. A fine dull deep yellow one, with micse, common in moft parts of the kingdom. 7. A large deep yellow fond, with micse, found in Northampton {hire, and fome other counties. 8. A coarfe faffron coloured fand, with mica;, common in Ger- many, and found alfo in Suflex. 0,. A deep brownifh yel- low fine fand, with micse, found about Highgate.

Broivn Sands. Of thofe of this colour which are pure, we have only three known fpecies. 1. A fine brown fand, frequent about Woolwich. 2. A coarfe fliining pale brown one, found on the fliores of the Thames. And 3. a coarfe purplifh brown fhining one, common about Briftol. Of thofe containing heterogene particles, we have only two fpecies. 1. A dull brown coarfe fand; this has among it fome fragments of fpar. It is found on the fhores of rivers. 2. A coarfe fhining pale brown one, common among gravel on the beds of rivers.

Black Sands. Of thefe we have only two fpecies. j. A fine fliining greyifh black one, found in Italy, but not with us. 2. A fine fhining reddifh black one, which feems pe- culiar to America.

Green Sands. Of thefe we yet know only one fpecies, which is a coarfe variegated dufky green ©ne, common in Virgi-