Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 2.djvu/391

 SAC

fe? Backberond & infecutus fuerit per allquem cujus res ilia fuerit, qui dicitur facaburh, &c*

The word may come from the Saxon fac or faca, i. e. lis 3 caufa, profecut'to, and burh, pi gnus, hoc eft furti fymbolum. Spelm. Gloff. in voc.

But Sir Edward Coke fays, facabere, or fakebere, is derived from fac and here, that is, he that did bear the bag. 8 Inft. fol. 69, Blount. Law Di£t. in voc.

SACCARII, among the Romans, were a company or frater- nity of porters, who had the fule privilege to carry all goods from the harbour to the warehoufes, none being allowed to employ their own Haves, and much lefs thofe of others, for that purpofe. P'tiifc. in voc.

SACCER. See the article Saker, Cycl.

SACCHARUM (6>/.>— Saccharum, in the Linneean fyf- tem of botany, is the name of the plant which produces fugar, and which makes a diftinct. genus by itfelf. The charac- ters of this are, that there is no calyx or flower cup, but a downy fubftance longer than the flower, and including only one fingle flower, which is compofed of two oblong and pointed valves, both equal in fize, placed ere&, hollowed and naked, or not bearded. The ftamina are three capil- lary filaments of the length of the flower ; the anthera; are fomewhat oblong, the germen of the piftil is pointed. The ftyles are two and are hairy, the ftigmata are fimple. The flower enclofes the feed which is fingle, oblong, nar- row, and pointed. Linnai Gen. PI. p. 18.

Saccharum faturni, in medicine, is recommended by fome internally for dyfentcries, and haemorrhages of all kinds ; but the generality of the world condemn it, as con- taining all the poifonous qualities of the metal it is made from in their higheft degree.

Externally it has been long famous for its virtues in the eryfipelas, in inflammations of all kinds, and in embroca- tions. It is ufed alfo in fmall quantities in colly ri'ums for the eyes ; it deterges, dries, and cicatrifes ulcers ; and in gonorrhoeas is mixed in injections with great fuccefs. It is well known that this fait made with the common ve- getable or mineral acids, when diftilled, will not give back the acid again, but, only yields a water without any fharj taffe and an inflammable oil ; but if it be made into the ani mal acid of pifmires, whether procured by diftilling thofe infects frefh, or by throwing large quantities of them into water till it is fufEciently impregnated, it will on diftillation yield back the fame proportion of acid of the fame ftrength, Phil. Tranf. N° 68. See Tinctura antiphtbyfica.

Saccharum laclis. See the article Milk.

SACCINI, in our old writers, Monks fo called, becaufe they wore a garment of goat's hair next to their fkins. Saccus is applied to coarfe cloth made of fuch hair. Blount.

SACCO beneditto. See the article Sanbenito, Cycl.

SACCUS cum brocbia, in our old writers, a fervice or tenure of finding 2. jack and a broach to the king, for the ufe of his army. Bract, lib. 2. c. 16. Blount, Cowel.

SACCUS tafteus, a name given by fome anatomifts to the reccp- taculum cbyli.

SACER [Cycl.)— Sacer, in ichthyology, a name given by Gaza and fome others to that fpecies of the labrus, diftin- guifhed by Artedi by the name of the red forked tailed labrus, and called by the generality of other authors the antbias pifcis. See the article Anth'ias.

SACHETTUS, in zoology, the name of a fea fifh, much re- fembling the common river pearch in fhape and colour, and having the fame black obliquely tranfverfe lines on its fides, and feeming the fame with the channadella of Bellonius, Ron- delettus, and other authors. It has only one long back fin, the foremoft rays of which are prickly, the others fmooth behind thefe prickly rays ; it has a large black fpot, which alone diftinguifh.es this from all the other fifh of its kind. Its mouth is large, and its lower jaw fomething longer than its upper. The belly fins are black, and the tail is forked ; the fcales are large ; and as in the other fifh of this kind, cover not only the body but the gills, and part of the head of the fifh. It is common in the Mediterranean, and is brought to market at Rome, Venice, and elfewhere, and accounted a very delicate and well tafted fifh. Ray's Ich- thyolog. p. 326.

SACRA (Cycl?) — Sacra fijlida, a name given by fome to the cavity, in which the fpinal marrow is lodged, and by others to the fpinal marrow itfelf.

Sacra gentilitia, among the Romans. Befide the public fef- tivals obferved by the whole Roman people, and befide the holy-days kept on birth days, marriages, or any other per- fonal account, there were likewife family feafts celebrated annually by the defcendants only of particular families. They thought themfelves obliged to keep thefe with the ut- moft exaefnefs and regularity, on pain of divine vengeance. Livy tells us that a young man of the Fabian family, when

■ the capitol was befieged by the Gauls, made his way through the enemy's army, in order to celebrate the yearly feftival of his family, to the no fmall aftonifhment both of the be- fiegers and befieged. Mem. Acad. Infcript. Vol. 8. p. 310.

SACRANUS color, a name given by fome authors to purple, or very deep red. Suppl, Vol. II.

SAC

SACRARIUM, among the Romans, a chapel in a private family. It differed from lararium, as being dedicated td fome particular deity, and the lararium to the houfhold gods in general. Pitifc. in voc.

SACRE, in zoology, the name of a fpecies of falcon, called by authors faho facer, and differently defcribed by different authors, but by all agreed to be an extremely bold and active bird. The defcription Mr. Ray has felefted of it is this. It is a larger bird than the common falcon. Its head is flat and of a greyifh colour ; its eyes large, and its beak bluifli. ^ Its back and wings are brown; its breaft white, and variegated with brown fpots. Its thighs are white with- in, and its tail is variegated with fpots of the fhape of a kidney. Its wings are very long, and its legs and feet of a bluifh colour. The yearling birds of this fpecies are called fori) and differ confiderably in their plumage from thofe of a more advanced age, having their legs paler, and their breafts lefs fpotted. It will feize upon the largeft birds, and on young goats, feV. for food. Roy's Ornithol. p. 43.

SACRIFICE (Cycl.) — Sacrifices, among the Greeks, were of four kinds, viz. 1. Free-will offerings, or fuch as were paid in confequence of a vow, ;t«g»r»f*« and e'J«!*m*, for a victory obtained, the firft fruits offered by hufband- men for a plentiful harveft, and the like. 2. Propitiatory- offerings, ihanxot, to avert the anger of fome offended deity, and fuch were allfacrifices ufed in expiation. 3. Petitionary facrifices, A»1»W, for fuccefs in any enterprize. 4. Sacri- fices exprefsly commanded by fome oracle or prophet,

For the materials and rites of facrifices fee Potter, Archaeol. Grsee. T. I. p. 209. feqq. and SACRIFICE, Cycl.

SACRIMA, among the Romans, the new wine which was offered to Bacchus as an acknowledgment of his protecting and preferring every thing that belonged to wine. Pitifc.

SACRO-CGCC\G/EUS, in anatomy, a name given by Winflow to a mufcle now generally called fimply the coccyx gceus, he calls it alfo coccygaus pofterior,

SACRO-LUMBARIS, a long complex mufcle, narrow and thin at the upper part, and broad and thick at the lower, re- prefenting a kind of flat pyramid. It lies between the fpine and poftcrior part of all the ribs, and along the back part of the regio lumbaris, all the way to the os facrum. Through all this (pace it is clofely accompanied by the longifflmus dorii, which lies between it and the fpinal apophyfes of the ver- 1 tebrae, a narrow fatty or cellular line running between them; it is fixed below by a bread thin tendinous aponeurofis to the os facrum, and part of the crifta of the os ilium. From thence it runs upward, and a little laterally over al! the regio lum- baris ; afterwards it runs up obliquely overall the ribs, fome- times as high as the two cr three loweft vertebra? of the neck. The fide next the longiflimus dorfi is all this way very even 5 but that next the ribs is divided into feveral digitations, refembling the branch of a palm tree. Thefe are fixed in the tranfverfe apophyfes of the neck, in the tuberofity of the firft rib, in the lower part of the angular imprefflons, in the following ribs, and near the extremity of the laft. Winjlo-ufs Anatomy, p. 245.

Sacro-i.umbaris pars fupcrior, in anatomy, a name given by Cowper and fome others, to a mufcle, called by Winflow tranfosrfalis collateraUs colli,- and by Albinus the cervtcalis de~ kendms. See the article Transversalis.

SACRO-SCIATIC ligaments. Thefe are two in number, the one broad and external, the other fmall, narrow, and internal. The broad, or extemzlfciaiic ligament, is (lightly fattened to the infide of the tuberofity of the crifta of the os ilium. It covers exteriorly the two pofterior fpines of that bone, and continues to be inferted along the anterior and exterior edges of the falfe tranfverfe apophyfes of the facrum. From thence this ligament diminifhing in breadth, defcends obliquely to- ward the tuberofity of the os ifchium, and is inferted immedi* ately below the finus, which lies between that tuberofity and the fciatic fpine. This infertion is afterwards continued over the whole internal labium of the inferior portion of the os ifchium, and of the ramus of that bone, and the inferior portion of the ramus of the neighbouring os pubis. Through all this latter courfe of its infertion, that is after its arrival at the tuberofity of the ifchium, it produces a kind of liga- mentary falx, one edge of which is fixed to the bones, the other lies loofe ; and by this fituation of the falx, itfeems, together with the bones, a kind of deep channel or groove. The fmall facro-fciatic, or internal fciatic ligament, adheres clofely to the infide of the pofterior portion of the former. It is fixed interiorly alfo to the edge of the inferior part of the fourth falfe tranfverfe apophyfis of the os facrum, and from thence all the way to the upper part of the os coccygis. From this infertion it runs up a little obliquely to the fpine of the ifchium, in the fharp point and upper part of which it is fixed. During this courfe it crofTes the broad ligament, being clofely united to the infide thereof, and lofes but very little of its breadth. By thefe two ligaments two diftinctt openings are formed ; a large one which is the fuperior fciatic nam, and a fmall one with the inferior fciatic notch, JVinJIow's Anatomy, p. 123.

SACRUM os. See the article Os facrum.

Nun SACTIM J