Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 2.djvu/382

 ROY

RUB

ROTATION (Cyr/.)— Mr. Winnow has given an account of this, as well as of pronation, and other circulatory ani- mal motions. See Mem. de l'Acad. des Sciences, 1729. ROTCHET, an Englifh name for the fifti, called by authors cuculus, and more frequently by us the red gurnard. Wil- lughby's Hilt. Pifc. p. 282. Seethe article Cuculus. ROTELE, in zoology, a name by which fome call the ruti- luslatior, or rubellio fluviatilis, more frequently known by the name of the Yud or finfeale, a river fifh with red belly- fins and tail. Ray's Ichthyogr. p. 252. See Rubellio. ROTHALS, in zoology, a name given by Gefner, and fome others to the pochard, or red headed luigeon ; a bird diftin- guifhed from all others of the duck kind, by having no va- riegation in its wings. See Pochard. ROTKNUSSEL, in zoology, a name by which the Germans call the gallinula melampus of Gefner. It is a bird forne- what approaching to the fnipe kind ; its back is brown, with a flight admixture of reddifh, and fome fpots of a dufky co- lour ; its wings are variegated with black and white, and its beak and legs are black. It is common in many parts of Germany. ROTOLO, an Egyptian weight of twelve ounces, each ounce confining of twelve drachms, and each drachm of fixteen carrats. Pocock's Egypt, p. 175. ROTSCHWENTZEL, in zoology, the name of a bird, de- fcribed by Gefner and fome other authors, and feeming to be the fame with our ruticilla, or red-jlart. See the article Ruticilla. ROTSIMPA, in ichthyology, a name given by the Swede; to a fpecies of cottus, called by Jonfton and Schonveldt fcorpius martnus. It is different from the fcorpeena of the generality of writers, and is of the coitus kind. It is diftin- guifhed by Artedi by the name of the fmooth cottus, with many thorns upon the head, and with the upper jaw fome- what longer than the under one. See the article Cottus. ROTULA (Cycl.) — Rotula, in natural hiftory, the name of a genus of the echini mariniy of the general clafs of the placentas. The characters of the rotula are, that they are flatfhells in form of a cake, compofed of various flat pieces. and formed into a round, fomething like that of a wheel ; but wanting one or more parts of its outer ring, and radi- ated or dentated. Their mouth is fituated in the middle of the bafe, and the aperture of the anus in the third region of the axis, and marked with a cinquefoil flower at the fummit. The great and obvious character is however the dentated edge. Of this genus there are two known fpecies. 1. A kind with three very deep finufes, and four pervious foramina at the top, or fometimes only with two, and with a finely crenated pen- tagonal vertex ; and 2. The folar echinus, which has ufually nine rays free from the outer ring. The vertex, in this fpecies, is round and denticulated, and variegated with very elegant lines. See Tab. of Teftaceous Animals» N° 10. Klein's Echin. p. 32. Rotula, in ichthyology, is alfo a name given by fome to

the faber or doree. See the article Faber. ROTUNDUS major, {Cycl.) in anatomy, a name given by Riolan, and fome others, to a mufcle, called by Vefalius and others the tertius humeri, and tertius bracbium moven- lium. Albinus, Cowper, and others, call it teres major. ROUGET, in ichthyology, a name given by the French to the fifti called the lyra and capo by authors. It is a fpecies of the trigla, and is diftinguifhed by Artedi by the name of the trigla with the long bifid fnout and tubulous noftrils, ROUGH {Cycl.) — RouGH-/f<z, in the fea language. See

the article Over-grown-/^. ROUND [Cycl.) — Round in, or Round-*?/?, at fea, a term belonging to the main and fore fail. When the wind larg- cth, they fay, Let rife the main tads, or the fore-tacks ! Hale aft the fore-Jheet to the cat head ; and the main Jheet to the cubbrldge-head ! And when thefe meets are thus haled down they keep them from flying up with the paffaradorope. This work is called rounding in or rounding aft the fail. Round-_/«"w, in the fea language. See Seam. Round-j^#«, in the fea language. See Splice. RouND-r^>, in the fea language. See Top. ROUSSIN, in the manege, is a ftrong well knit, well flowed horfe, fuch as are commonly brought into France from Ger- many and Holland. ROWELS of afpur, in the manege. See Spur, Cycl ROWLE, in a ihip, is a round piece of wood or iron, wherein the whip goes, being made to turn about, that it may carry over the whip the eafier from fide to fide. ROYENA, in botany, the name of a genus of plants, the characters of which are thefe. The perianthium confifts of one leaf, which is inflated and permanent, and is lightly divided into five obtufe fegments at the edge. The flower is monopetalous, and confifts of a tube of the length of the cup, and an expanded mouth, which is divided into five oval and reflex fegments. The fta- mina are ten very fhort filaments growing to the flower. The antherae are oblong, acute, and double, and they ftand erect, and are of the length of the tube of the flower. Th germen of the piftil is of an oval figure and hairy, and is di vided into two ftyles, which are a little longer than the flamina. The ftigmata are Ample; the fruit is an oval cap-

fule, compofed of four valves, and furrowed with four deep lines, and contains only one cell, in which are four oblong and triangular nuts covered with a calyptra. This has been defcribed in Paradifus Batavus, and fome other books, un- der the name of a fpecies of the bladder nut, ftaphylo- dendri fpecies. Lintteei Gen. PI. p. 193. Hort. Amfid. Vol. 1. p. 187. Herm. P. B. p. 232.

RUBECULA, in zoology, the name of a bird, commonly known in England, under the name of the red breajl, and called by fome erithacus. This is a folitary bird, and natu- rally ihy, but in winter will even come into peoples houfes in fearch of food. It is very careful in building its neft. It builds in the thickeft bufhes and hedges, where there are multitudes of fallen oak leaves, or the like large light mat:er. It covers its neft very artfully with large quantities of thefe leaves, and makes only one way to get into it, which is by a narrow pafiage, and which it always covers with leaves when it goes abroad for food. Ray's Ornitholog. p. 160.

RUBELLIO, in ichthyology, a name given by fome authors to a fmall fea fifth of a red colour caught in the Mediter- ranean, and more ufually called by writers on thefe fubjedls the erythrynus. Aldrovand. de Pifc. p. 154. See the article Erythrynus.

Rubellio fluviatilis, the name of a frefh water fifti of the leather mouthed kind, called in Englifh a ruddoxroud, and in fome places 2. finfeale. It is a common fifti in many of the rivers of England and Germany, and efteemed a well tafted fifh. They are in feafon all the year, except in the month of April, which is their fpawning time, and the males at that time are fubjedt to a great number of white fpots upon their heads, and are more rough than at any other feafon. It is a fifh broader than the carp, but thicker than the bream. It is of a brownifh yellow colour, and has very large fcales ; the tail and belly fins are red, and the gilts are commonly marked with a red fpot. Willuvhby'% Hift. Pifc. p. 252.

RUBELLUS, in zoology, a name given by fome authors to the common roach, and by others to the rudd or finfcale. Gefner, de Aquat. p. 965. See the articles Kutilus and Rubellio.

RUBEOLA, in botany, the name of a genus of plants, the characters of which are thefe. The flower confifts of one leaf, fafhioned like a funnel, and either lightly dentated, or divided into four fegments at the edge. ' Thefe have fome- times a Angle, fometimes a double cup, and that of the two which was the lower, or the fingle one, if there were no other, is finally converted into a fruit compofed of two feeds.

The fpecies of rubeola enumerated by Mr. Tournefort are thefe. 1. The broad leaved rubeola. 2. The narrow leaved rubeola. 3. The procumbent rubeola with a very long fpike.

4. The common fmooth purple flowered fmall rubeola, called by many rubia fquinanchica and fquinancy wort.

5. The white flowered fmooth four leaved rubeola or fqui- nancy wort. 6. The rough Portugal rubeola with purple flowers. 7. The fez rubeola. Tourn. Inft. p. 130. Thefe plants are called by Mr. Tournefort rubeola as a di- minutive of rubia, or madder ; moft other authors have called them rubia fpicata, or fpiked madder. They differ principally from the galliums in the funnel ihape of the flower.

RUBETA, the toad, in zoology, a creature fufflciently known. It is larger than the frog, its body is thick, its back broad, and its belly fwelled, and looking as if inflated, whence it is too heavy and unweildy to hop about as the frog does ; its fkin is considerably thick, and full of tubercles, of a dufky and blackifh colour on the back, and fpotted on the belly j and is naturally a loathfome and difiigreeable object.

It feeds on the fame things that the frog does, worms, fnails, flies, and other infedts j it feems alio, that they are able to live on much lighter food, fince there have been many inftances of toads being found in the folid bodies of trees in holes, juft, big enough for them to turn about in ; and where there could be no nourifhment conveyed to them, except what they found in the juices of the tree. There are not wanting alfo inftances of their having been found in the fame manner in blocks of folid ftone, if we can credit the generality of authors. Ray's Syn. Quad. p. 252.

RUBETRA, in zoology, a name by which Gefner and fome others have called that fpecies of the asnanthe, commonly known by the name of the ft one-chatter, ftane-fmick, or moor- titling. Gefner de Avib, See the article Stone-chatter.

RUBIA {Cycl.) — Rubia, madder, in the Linnsan fyftem of botany, a diftinct genus of plants, the characters of which are, that the calyx is an extremely fmall perianthium, fitu- ated on the germen, and divided by four notches at its ex- tremity. The flower is compofed of one fingle petal which is flat, divided into four fegments, hollow at the bafe, but forming no tube. The ftamina are four pointed filaments ftiorter than the flower. The anthers are Ample. The germen of the piftil is double, and fituated below the receptacle. The ftyle is flender ? and bifid at top, the ftig-

I 2 mata