Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 2.djvu/361

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precife as fome have fuppofed. The firft>tf/«z of the earth is very variable, both as to bounds and temperature. The fecond region feems for the moft part cold, in companion of the other two ; but in feveral places, which, by reafon of their diftance from the furface of the earth, it would be natural to call the middle region, the temperature of the air is very different at the fame feafons of the year, which fhews that it depends on fomething more than bare depth from the furface. The third region of the earth is univer- fally obferved to be warm, but by no means regularly, or uniformly: the fame depth in fome places, giving only a moderate warmth, while in others it gives a very confut- able heat. Borrichius tells us of a certain abbe fond of chemiftry, and particularly curious in the matter of long digeflions by regular heat, who found a way of making a furnace perpetually warm, by piercing the earth to a certain depth, and ufing the heat of this third region of it. His method, we are told, was to bore a hole with a pike twenty feet deep, and pour into it ten or twelve pounds of quick- Silver ; this made its way into the ftrata, and through them in a body into the chambers of heat in this third region, where the heat having a vent upwards, made by this open- ing, never failed to afcend in a perpetual and regular ftream, and gave that regular digefting heat that no artificial fire could equal. But this is an alchemical ftory. Boyle of Cofmical Qualities. Borricb. de Qrtu Chem. Region, in antient Rome, a part or divihon of _ the city. They were only four in number till Auguftus's time, who divided the city into fourteen regions, over each of which he fettled two furveyors, called curatores viarum, who were made annually, and took their divifions by lot. Thefe fourteen regions contained 424 ftreets, 31 of which were called great or royal ftreets, which begun at the gilt pillar that flood at the entry into the open place in the middle of the city.

The extent of thefe divifions varied greatly, fome being from 12000 or 13000 to 33000 feet and upwards in circumfe- rence. Authors, however, are not agreed as to the exact li- mits of each. See Kenn. Rom. Antiq. Not. 1. 1 . c. 2. p. 34. feq. Pitifc. Lex. Antiq. in voc. regis. Danet, Diet, in voc. PanciroL Defcript. Urb. Rom. T. 3. p. 283. REGRADATION, regradatio. See Degradation, Cycl. REGULAR leap, in mufic. See Leap. REGULUS (Cycl,)— The feparation of filver out of the rega- ins, made from the filver ore by means of lead, is to be performed in this manner. Put two coppels of the fame bignefs, perfectly dry, and capable of containing at leaft one third more than the regulus, under a muffle in an aflay- furnace ; make a ftrong fire, and let them be red hot for a quarter of an hour, then free the regulus from its fcorise, by ftriking it gently with a hammer, and put it carefully into one of the hot coppels, and into the other put, at the fame time, the fame quantity of granulated lead alone, as was ufed in the making the regulus. When the regulus boils and fmoaks diminifh the fire a little, and let the coppels be kept moderately, but not violently red hot. When it has tfoodfolong, that the fkin of litharge, continually produced from the lead, and covering the furface of the regulus, difappears, and the coppel fhews the fcorise only of the lead with the pure filver, either in fufion, or hard and bright in the middle, let the coppel continue only a minute or two longer on the fire; then take it out with a pair of tongs, take away the metal in grains, and if any fcoria?, or frag- ment of the coppel adhere to it, wrap it together in a pa- per, and fquecze it between the cheeks of a vice, or a pair of tongs, to break off that brittle matter without hurting the regulus. If this regulus be pure filver, it will now be very white, but if it contain any gold, it will fhew it by its yellownefs.

To determine exactly how much filver the quantity of ore contained, weigh it nicely in a fine balance, and take out the fmall regulinc lumps from the other coppel, and weigh- ing that, deduct its weight from that of the other, becaufe fo much filver that owes to the lead ufed in making it, and the remainder is the proportion of filver contained in the ore. Cramer's, Art of Affaying, p. 211. Regulus criftatus, the ere/led or golden crown wren, the name of a very beautiful little bird, the fmalleft of all the European birds. Its whole weight is not more than a dram, and the crown of its head is adorned with a very beautiful faffron coloured, or orange red (pot, which is called its creft, and by fome its crown, and from this golden crown the bird has obtained the name of the regulus, tyrannus, bafdan, and other appellations of royalty. This crown the bird can at pleafure draw together, by wrinkling its forehead, and by this means hide it from fight. The edges of this crown are of a pale yellow, and its end circumfcribed by a black line. It is of an oblong figure, and is extended ftrait from the origin of the beak to the back part of the head. The fides of this little bird's neck are of an extremely glofiy grcenifh yellow, and the ambit of its eyes white. Its neck and back are of an obfeure yellowifh green, and its breaft of a dufky white, fometimes of a pale ereenifh caft. A wing feathers are brown, with

their edges yellowifh without, and whitifh within ; and the middle ones are lb tinged in part with black, that when they are folded in the fh.ut.ting of the wing, they make a black fpot in its middle ; and the tips of one feri'es of the feathers being white, they make alfo a white trar.fveiio ftreak on each wing. The tail is brownifh, the feet yellow, and the beak half an inch long, and verv f lender and black. They are common about the Peak in Dcrbyfhire, and in fome other parts of England. They fit ufuallv on the tops of oaks, and other high trees. They lay fix or feyen eggs, not larger than peas. Hay's Ornitholog. p. 163. Regulus non criftatus, in zoology, the name of a bird more commonly known by the name luteola, and by fome Called afdus. Ray's Ornitholog. p. 164. SeeLuTEOLA. REJECTIO, a word ufed by medical authors for the call- ing any thing up preternaturally by the mouth, whether it be by vomiting or by fpitting. REINS (Cycl.) — Reins, in the manege, a name given by the Duke of Newcaftle to two ffraps, or ropes of a caveflbn, which he ordered to be made faff: to the girths, or the pommel of the faddle, with intent that the rider fhould pull them with his hand, in order to bend and fupple the neck of the horfe. Falfe Rein is a lath of leather pafled fometimes through the banquet, to bend the horfe's neck, which is difapproved of by the Duke of Newcaftle'; by reafon it flacks the curb, and makes the bit no more than a trench that has no curb. REIS effendi, in the Turkifli affairs, an officer of irate an-

fwering to our chancellor. RELAIS, in fortification, a French term, the fame with

berme. See Berme, Cycl. RELATION, relatio, in rhetoric, is fometimes ufed to fig- nify the fame with recrimination. See Recriminati- on, Cycl. RE MANCIPATION, remancipatio, among the Romans, a form of divorce obferved in marriages that had been con- tracted by coemption. This was done by delivering the wife into the hufband's hands ; fo the,marriage was dilTolved by the hufband's redelivering the wife into any perfon's hands, agreed upon between them. Pitifc. in voc. See Coemp- tion. REMISSION (Cycl.) — Remission, re?niJpo, owms, in the antient mufic, was ufed to fignify the paflage of the voice from acute to grave; being oppofite to intention, Arijloxcn. p. 10 — 13. Ariftid. Quint, p. 8, 9. REMOLADE, or Charge, in the manege. See the article

Charge, Cycl. REMORA (Cycl.)— This is a fmall oblong fifh, whofe body is of a cylindric figure, and tapers off to a thinnefs at the tail. Its mouth is triangular, and the upper part is fhorter than its under. Its head is flat, and marked with ftreaks, •fo as to look like the palates of fome fifties : thefe run tranfverfely, and are carried on to the back, making a ftri- ated fubftance of two fingers breadth, by which it faflens itfelf to any other fubftance, as the body of a larger fifh, the hulk of a fhip, or the like. The eyes are fmall and yellow, with a black pupil. It has no teeth, but in their places a multitude of fmall prominences. It has two fins under the gills, and two more lower on the body. Befide thefe it has two longitudinal fins, one on the back, the other on the belly, running the length of the body to the tail. The whole fifh is of a greyifh colour, and it is caught in the Eaft and Weft Indies, and in many other feas. See Tab. of Fifties, N° 14. and Marcgrave's Hift. Braf. p. 117. Remora ?nutian'i, in natural hiftory, a name given by fome to the genus of fliells called concha venerea, and par- cellana. See Porcellana. REMOTION, remotio, in rhetoric, the fame with what is

otherwife called metajlafis. See Metastasis. REMOULIN, in the manege, is ufed to denote a ftar upon

a horfe's forehead. REMPHAN, in antiquity, the Egyptian name for the planet Saturn. Some think that remphan was the moon. See the articleCHiuN. REMURIA, among the Romans, a feftival inftituted in ho- nour of Remus by his brother Romulus. Mem. Acad. Infer. Vol. I. p. 45. RENALIS lapis, in natural hiftory, the name given by many authors to a fort of fiderochitum, or cruftated ferrugineous body of that kind, containing a nucleus of a different matter from that of the crufts. It is found about Prague, and in fome other places, lying near the furface in ftrata of a yellow clay. Its ufual bignefs is that of a ripe peach, and its crufts are of a dufky ferrugineous brown colour ; and its internal nucleus of a pale yellowifh green, cum- pofed of a marley earth, and ufually of a kidney-like fhape, whence its name. RENDS, in a fhip, are the fame as the feams between her

planks. RENES (Cycl) — Renes fucccntnriatl. Valfalva has endea- voured to prove the raws fuceenturiati, or glanrftda ramies, to be organs of generation, or affiftant to them. Valfalva claimed this difcovery. ■ Mi. Ranbv fufpedted that the duel 2 which