Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 2.djvu/359

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apophyfes, of the third, fourth, fifth, and fixfh vertebrt in a digitated manner, from thence it runs up obliquely inwards, and towards the lateral parts of the bodies or the vertebrae, pafles on the forefide of rhe firft and fecond, with- out being inferted in them, and approachmg gradually to- ward the fame mufcle, on the other fide, it IS inferted near it in the fore part of the lower fide of the apophyfis bafilans. Id. Ibid. ..

Rectus capitis pojlicus major, in anatomy, a name given by Albinus, in his hiftory of the mufcles, to a mufcle ca led maims reilus capitis by Window, and defci ibed by Vefahus by°the name of the tertuts capitis moventium ; and by c.pi- selius, and others, under that of reclus major.

RECTUS capitis popcus minor, a name given by Albinus to a mufcle of the head, called by Riolanus and others pojlicus minor and by Winnow rectus parvus ; Vefalius has defcribed it under the name of quartus caput moventium.

Rectus exterior oculi, in anatomy, a name given by Fabri- cius and others to one of the mufcles of the eye, called by Riolan and others the fuperbus, and by fome the elevator oculi', it is the abduclor of Albinus, one of his quatuor rem.

Rectus inferior oculi, in anatomy, a name given by Fabri- cius, and fome others, to one of the mufcles of the eye, called by others humilis, and by Albinus the deprejor. It is

' one of the quaiuor recli oculi of that author.

Rectus interior oculi, in anatomy, a name given by Fabri- cius to one of the mufcles of the eye, called by Molinet the bibitorius ; and by Cowper, Albinus, and others, the ad- ductor oculi. See Adductor, Cycl. and Suppl.

Rectus fuperior oculi, in anatomy, a name given by Fabri- cius to one of the mufcles of the eye, called the attollens by Albinus, and by others the elevator oculi and the fuperbus. See the article Elevator, oculi.

RECUPERATORES, among the Romans, were commif- fioners, appointed to take cognizance of private matters in difpute, between the fiibjefls of the ftate and foreigners, and to take care that the former had juftice done them. It came at laft to be ufed for commiflioners, to whom the praetor referred the determination of any affair between one iubjedt and another. Pitifc. in voc.

RECUR VIROSTRA, in zoology, the name of a very re- markable bird, fo called from rhe remarkable bending up- wards of its beak, and named avofetta by the Italians. It is a little larger than the common lapwing, weigh- ing ufually about ten ounces ; its beak is three fingers breadth long, very (lender, black, and flatted, and bending upwards, which is peculiar to it alone. Its head is mo- derately large and very round, and both that and the upper part of the neck is black, only that there is a fmall variega- tion of grey juft. behind the head. Its breaft, belly, and throat are all of a fnowy whitenefs, and its back is varie- gated with black and white ; its wings are alfo variegated with black and white ; its tail is all white ; its legs very long and blueifh, and feathered half way down below the knees. It is very common in Italy, and is not unfrequently feen about the eaftcrn fhores of England. Ray's Ornithol. p. 241.

RED (Cycl.)— To make a deep red in glafs, the following method is that moll praflifed by the glafs-men. Take cryf- tal fritt twenty pounds, broken pieces of white glafs one pound, calcined tin two pound, mix thefe well together, and put them into a pot to melt and purify ; when thefe are melted, take fteel calcined, fcales of iron from the fmith's anvil, both powdered very fine, of each an equal quantity ; put leifurely an ounce of this mixed powder to the before- mentioned metal, mix all well together, and let them ftand fix or eio-ht hours in fufion, to incorporate ; take out a proof after this, and if there be too little of the powder, it will appear of a dufky yellow; then more of the powder mull be added, and then add three quarters of an ounce of calcined brafs ground to a fine powder ; mix them thoroughly together, and the mafs will be of a blood red; continue flir- ting the whole together, and frequently taking out proofs of the colour ; when it is right, work it immediately, otherwife it will lofe its colour and become black. The mouth of the pot muff in this procefs be left open, elfe the colour will be loft. Neri's Art of Glafs, p. 100.

Blown red, in the porcelain manufacture, a name given to a peculiarly coloured china ware of a fpangled red, or to the colour alone that fpangles it. It is an ornament eafily in- troduced into ufe in our own manufactories of porcelain ware, and is done in the following manner. The colour is to be prepared of common copperas, calcined to a red colour in a charcoal fire, in a crucible, with another luted on the top of it inverted, and with a hole in its bottom. The fignal of the calcination being finifhed, is, when the black clouds ceafe to come up through the hole, and a fine white thin vapour arifes in their place. The veflels are to be then fuffered to cool, and the red matter in them is to be reduced to a fine powder ; while the veflels to be coloured with this are yet wet. The operator is to provide a glafs pipe, and covering one end of it with a piece of fine gawfe ; he is to dip this into the powder, and taking it carefully out, with what little is ftickinsr to it, he is to blow againft the vefi'cl Suppr,. Vol. II.

RED

at fome diftance from it : thus the rineft part of the powder only will reach the veflel, and will be laid on in form of glittering fpangles, very fmall, but all diftinct. This is a fort of colouring much cfteemed by the Cliinefe thcmfelves, and they have a way of ufmg the common blue in the fame manner ; but few of the veilels, thus painted, come over to us. Obferv. de 1'Afie.

Red game, an Englifh name of a bird, common in the moun- tainous parts of Yorkihire, and fome other of our northern counties. It is of the fhape of a partridge, but much larger, and of a mixed colour of red and black, and is feathered down to the ends of the toes. See the article Go K-cock.

Indian Red, a name ufed by the colourmen and painters for a kind of purple ochre, brought from the ifland of Ormus in the Perfian gulf, and ufed as a red colour. It is called among the authors on thefe fubjecls terra perf.ca. Hill's Hift. of Foil", p. 58.

Red land, in agriculture, a term much ufed. by hufbandmen, to exprefs afandy foil of a reddifh hue, interfperfed for the moft part with pieces of fand ftone of the fame colour, or ibmewhat deeper.

There are feveral varieties of this foil, one of which is almoft entirely made up of fand; another with an admixture of clay with the fand, the whole making a loofe loamy earth ; and a third, full of fragments, of a poor fandy iron ore, and often containing fhining fpecks of felenitze. Mcreton's Northamp. p. 40.

Red-AW. See the article Minium.

REn-foank, in zoology, the name of a water Hrd, called by authors gallimila erytbropm, and callidrys. It is about the fize of the common plover. The back is of a greyifh or brownifh green, ufually fpotted with black ; its neck grey, and its throat variegated with black and white ; the breaft is white, with a few loofe ftreaks of black. The wing fea- thers are variegated with black, brown, and white ; the breaft is two fingers breadth long, (lender, and fhaped like the beak of the woodcock ; reddifh at the bafe, and black- ifh lower down. Its legs are of a fine beautiful red, and the hinder toe is very fhort and fmall. Ray's Ornithol. p. 221.

RzDjlart, in zoology, the Englifh name of the ruticilla, a very beautiful bird, with a white fpot on his head and a red tail. See the article Ruticilla.

Red weed, in botany, a name given to a plant common in Bermudas, and fome other places ; and called by our firft travellers to that part of the world the fummer ijland redwetd. Its berry is of a fine red colour, and affords a tincture little inferior to that of cochineal, and pollening all its virtues in medicine ; the only misfortune of this, and fome other very fine vegetable colours, is, that they fade foon. The juice of the fruit of the opuntia, or prickly pear, is as fine a dye as can be procured from the cochineal, but it will not ftand ; the infedl feeding on tins, however, we find affords a colour of the fame nature, that will ftand. The fruit of the red iveed is in the fame manner liable to be eaten by in- fects as that of the prickly pear, and it is worthy a trial, whether its colour obtained at fecond hand from thofe in- icc"is, will not ftand as well as the cochineal does, and whe- ther the infects may not be propagated in a fufficient abun- dance to ferve the markets in the fame manner. Phil. Tranf.N°40.

Red wing, in zoology, the name of a bird of the turdus, or thrufh kind, called alfo in fome places the wind thriS 9 or twine pipe, and by authors the turdus iliacus, or tylas. It is a little fmaller than the common thrufh, and is lefs fpotted. Its back, neck, and head are of the fame colour with thofe of the common thrufh ; but its fides, under the wings, and the feathers which line the wings, are of an orange colour, or dufky red ; its belly and breaft are whitifh, and its throat yellowifh, with brown fpots : the wings are of a fort of chefnut colour, a little variegated. It feeds on infedts, as worms, and the like ; and is a bird of pafiage, coming to us at the fame time with the fieldfare, and leaving us alfo when that bird does. It is not well known where they breed, though fome have gueffed it to be in the moun- tains of Germany and Bohemia. They have a bitterifh tafte, and are lefs valued than the fieldfare. Ray's Ornithol. p. 139.

REDDLE, [Cycl.) the common Englifh name for the fub- ftance, called in Latin rubrica, and ufed in painting, and for marking flieep, &e. Hill's Hift. of Foff. p. 48. See the article Rubrica.

REDIMICULUM, among the Romans, a girdle, which go- ing about the neck, divided on the breaft, and palling down each fide, went round, and kept the robe tight to the body. See Pitifc. in voc.

REDUCTION, {Cycl.) in metallurgy, is the bringing baclc metalline fubftances, which have been changed into fcaria or allies, or otherwife diveftcd of their metallic form, into their natural and original ftate of metals again. Cra?ner\ Art of Allaying, p. 185.

All metals and femi-metals may be reduced by proper ma- nagement, whatever have been their changes, except only zink, which having been burnt to allies, admits of no re- duction. But the mixture of gold, and filver, was never Eec y«