Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 2.djvu/341

 Q^U I

QUO

is but the accidental fymptom of an inflammatory fever, or fome other difeafe about the time of its crifis.

Signs of a quinzy. The firft fymptom of this difeafe is a diffi- culty of fwallowing, joined with a tumor in the throat, and a fenfation of a pricking pain ; to thefe fymptoms there fucceeds an inflammation and violent heat in the fauces : and in a few hours thefe fymptoms increafe to fo great a degree, that the pa tient becomes unable to fwallow ; the tongue fwells violently, and the veins appear black and tumid under it, the face be- comes red and tumid, and the temporal veffels are diftended, and the eyes become fwelled and feem as if they would ftart out of the head ; then refpiration becomes very painful, and there is danger of abfolute fufFocation. The hands become pale and cold to the touch j and the flefti is at times very hot, and foon after very cold again ; and in the progrefs of the dif- eafe the patient is ufually found to be very low fpirited. The idiopathic qu'm%y fcldom happens to any except young people of a remarkably plethoric habit of body; and people are mod fubject to it who have been ufed to frequent bleedings at the nofe, and who live fedentary lives, and feed high. The moft frequent caufes of this difeafe are a fupprelfion of he- morrhages by the nofe, a fudden cooling of the body after exceiTne beat, drunkennefs, an improper ufe of ftrong fternu- tatory powders, violent and loud calling, and finally, luxa- tions of the neck.

As to the fymptomatic quinzy. the moft common of all caufes of it is the improper ufe of bleeding in acute fevers and other inflammatory difeafes.

Prcgnfiics in quinzies. The more violent the attack of this dif- eafe is, the greater'is the danger with which it is attended. The fpurious quinzy is always more favourable than the true one, and the mildeft of all the kinds is the paracynanche, as the cynanche is of all others the moft fatal. Thofe who die of this difeafe rather die of convulfions than of fufFocation. When the matter cannot be difcuffed, there ufually happens a fuppuration ; and in this cale the event is very dubious and uncertain.

Method of cure. Immediately on the attack of the difeafe, a clyfter is to be given. VV arm urine or brine will ferve the purpofe, or, if equally ready, the pulp of eoloevnth, or aloes ; fliould be boiled in the liquor. After this there muff, be a ; large quantity of blood taken from the arm, or foot, which is by fome efteemed much better ; and if the fymptoms do not! then remit, the raninae venas are to be opened foon ;;fterwards. In a milder attack it is not neceflary to bleed in the time of the fit, but the common remedies for allaying the inordinate emo- tions of the blood take place ; fuch as powders of nitre, crabs- eyes, and cinnabar, and on occafion a gentle anodyne or opiate i may be added to thefe; as a fmall dofe of the ftorax pill, or the like. Thefe things are alfo to be given in the more vio- lent cafes, and through the whole courfe of the dirtemper, ' provided that the difficulty of fwallowing does not prevent it.' After bleeding and thefe powders, the ufe of gargarifms is very great: of thefe there are three kinds; i. The refolvcnt or nervine and difcutient : thefe are prepared of orrice and ele- campane-root, hyfibp, chamomile flowers, and annife and caroway feeds, and the like. 2. The lenient, or demulcent, which ferve to allay the inflammatory heat : thefe are prepared of the mucilaginous and cooling things, as quince-feeds in red rofewater, with fyrup of rafpberries, mulberries, and nitre, with Jews-ears and album gra?cum, which two laft are looked upon by many as fpecifics. And, 3. The aftringents : thefe are made of the traumatic herbs, fuch as moufe-ear, felf-heal, and the like, with biftort and comfry-root, pomegranate rind, galls, terra Japonica, and alum.

The gentle aftringents are to be firft ufed, and it muft be with great caution that we proceed from thofe to the more power- ful ones. While thefe are ufed internally, the external ufe of emolient and difcutient plaiflers is alfo to be brought in; fuch are melilot and diachylon with the gums : and in cafes where the heat is violent, inflead of plaiflers, linnen-cloths wetted with fpirit of wine and camphor, with a little faffron, are to be applied. If all thefe things fail, and the fwelling rifes and breaks, the patient is always relieved by the breaking, and is to ufe afterwards, by way of gargarifm, wine fweetened with honey of rofes. The bowels are always to be kept loofe by glyfters, or gentle purges; and finally, where the danger of fufFocation is imminent, bmnchotomy is the laft relief Junker, Confp. Med. p. 154, feq.

Befide the common occafions of this difeafe, we have in the philofophical tranfaclions an account of aftone breeding at the root of the tongue, and caufuig one. The patient was almoft choaked, and the tumor, which was large outwardly, tho' nor tending to fuppuration, yet was ready to break within, and fhewed matter ready to be difcharged. On breaking it with the finger, there ifliied out above a quarter of a pint of matter, and with it a fmall ftone, very hard, and of the fame nature and fubftance with thofe formed in the kidneys. In this diftemper, befides high bleeding, fome recommend a gargarifm compofed of fublimate mercury, half a drachm ; cream of tartar, two drachms ; diflblved in a pint of faring water. Med. Eff. Edinb abr. Vol. II. p. +31. We have the hiftory of an uncommon angina, or quinzy, by

Mr. Monro in the medical efTays of Edinburgh abridged, Vol. 11*. p. 400.

QUJR1CIA, a name given' by fome to the flonc called parts by the generality of writers. See Qhiris.

QJJiRINACIUM opium, in the materia medica, a name given by fome to the gum we know by the name of- afla fcetida. It is a barbarous phrafe of the middle ages, and is founded on the name oww wpmuw of the Greeks, which expreffed the Cyrenean gum, that being the name they gave to the original afla, which was a fweet-fcented gurn, not the ftinking afla- fcetida. We call both thefe afla, but the Greeks diftinguifh the ftinking kind by the name fcordolafaron. See the ar- ticle Asa.

QUIRINUS/v^j. See Qui R is.

QJJIRIS, a name given by the writers of the middle ages to a ftone famous among them for its imaginary virtues, but of which they have left us no defcription.

They call it alfo quirinus and quiricia, and pretend, that if put under any one's pillow, it will caufe them to divulge all their fecrets by talking in their fleep.

QUJRPELE, in zoology, the name of a fmall animal, called by fome authors the Indian ferret, viverra Indica, and by others quit.

Garcias and fome authors give very remarkable accounts of the enmity this creature has to ferpents of all kinds. They tell us, that when this little creature intends an attack upon one of thefe animals, it firft prepares againft danger by gnawing a quantity of the root of the lignum colubr'inwn, or fnake-wood; and when it has thoroughly impregnated its fal'iva, it wets with it firft its fore-feet, and with them daubs over its head and its whole body; and that thus prepared, it boldly attacks the fnake, and never leaves off till it has killed it. Garcias afliircs us, that many of the Portuguefe have been eye-wit- neffes of thefe combats.

It is probable enough, that this creature may attack a fnake when thoroughly hungry, knowing its flefh to be good food ; but I fear the ftory of the antidote is to be fufpected. Ray's Syn. Quad. p. 197.

QUITY, in botany, a Brafilian name ufed by fome authors for the fapindus, or foap-berry tree of the Weft Indies. Margg: Hilt. Brafil. p. 113.

QUOD (Cyd ) — Quod ei deforceat, in law, a writ for tenant in tail, tenant in dower, by the courtefy, or for term of life, having loft their lands by default againft him that recovers, or his heir. Reg. orig. 171, Stat. Weftm. 2. c. 4. Cowel> Terms of Law.

Quod pennittat, in law, a writ that lies where a man is difleifed of his common of pafture, and the diffeifor aliem, or dies feifed, and his heir enters ; then if the difteifee die, his heir fhall have this writ.

QUOIL (C)d)—mather-QvoiL, at fea. See Weather.

QUORUM (Cycl) — Quorum nom-na. In the reign of King Henry VI. the king's collectors, and other accomptants, were much perplexed, in pafling their accounts, by new extorted fees, and forced to procure a then late invented writ of quo- rum nofnina, for the allowance and fuing out their quietus, without the allowance of the king. Blount.

QUOTIDIAN, (Cycl.) in medicine, the name of a fpecies of fever which attacks the patient every day, at firft with a chil- nefs, and with a febrile heat fuccceding this, by which nature commonly attempts to eafe hcrfelf of the load of fome mor- bific matter which ufually adheres in the prims vise. This differs greatly from the continual quotidian fever. See the ar- ticle Catarrhal Fever.

It is diftinguifhed from the double tertian by this, that the quotidian regularly obferves its times of attack and of dura- tion every day ; but in the double tertian, the fingle fits do not correfpond one with another, but only the alternate one?, that is, the paroxvfm of the ihird day correfponls with that of the firft, that of the fourth with that of the fecond, and fo on.

Signs of it. This fever ufually attacks the patient in a morn- ing, and moft frequently about fix or feven o'clock. The firft fymptom is a very violent chilnefs or coldnefs, which ufually lafts about an hour, and is attended either with a vo- miting, or with a diarrhoea, or both. This cold fit is fuc- ceeded by a violent hot one, in which there is an intolerable thirft and pain of the head. The whole duration of the fit is ufually fix hours, and when the heat remits a little of its violence, then fweats ufually come on. This returns regu- larly at the fame hour the next day, and fo on,unlefs dif- turbed by any means ; in which cafe, it anticipates or poft- pones the accuftomed time.

P.rfons f.hjecl to it. This is the leaft frequent of all the inter- mittent fevers. Perfons of phlegmatic habits are more fub- jeit to it than thofe of any other temperament; and it feizes old people oftner than young, and women much more fre- quently than men.

Caufes f it. The firft caufe of this difeafe is a vifcous and mu- cous matter lodged in the prima; vis. This is often attended, with a fpiflitudc of the blood in the vena porta 3, The per cafional caufes which bring on this fpiffitude of the blood and foulnefs of the primse viae, are a coarfe and thick diet, a fe- dentary