Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 2.djvu/280

 POM

PON

POMATIA, in natural hiftory, the name of a large fpecies of garden-fnail, fo called from its feeding on apples and other fruit. It is originally a native of Italy, but is become of late years as familiar with us in England, as if a native with us. It is a noble remedy in confumptive decays ; and a perfon of diftinQion in England having occafion to take great numbers, had feveral large parcels brought carefully alive from Italy, and turned loofe in his garden, where they multiplied to fuch a degree, that the neighbouring woods and hedges foon became full of them, and they have fince been propagated in many other places.

The pomatia is much larger than our common fnail, and of a paler colour : it is of a rouudifh figure, and has five fpires or twills at the head ; thefe are placed very clofe, and its mouth is large and almoft circular, and has no duplieature or fold furrounding it, but it is as thin as the reft of the fllell.

POMEGRANATE, in botany. See Punica.

POMERIUM, in antiquity. See Pomoerium.

POMOERIUM, among the Romans. Authors are not agreed as to particular circumftances relating to the pomocrium ; fome will have it to be a fpace of ground without the walls ; others a fpace within them ; and others again think it was both with- in and without. But which ever of thefe is true, the pomoe- rinm was a place efteemed facred, and kept free from houfes and every other kind of obftruclion. Hift. Acad. Infer. Vol. II. p gi, feq.

POMPEION, nopvuov, in antiquity, a ftately edifice at Athens, in which were keprthe facred utenfds, made ufe of at fefti- vals, and all things neceffary for the folemn proceffions pre- pared. It flood at the entrance of the old city, which look- ed towards Phalerum, and was adorned with many ftatues Of the Athenian heroes. Potter, Archseol. Grsec. ]. I. c. 8. T. i; P' 34-

The word pompeion is del ived from tr^iri v°>, cum pompa inccdo, and was likewife ufed for any utenfil employed on thefe oc- cafions.

POMPiLUS, in zoology, the name of a fea-fifb, remarkable for following the rudders of mips to vaft diftances. It has no fcales : it has a very broad line from the gills to the tail, under which are a number of dotted tranfverfe lines, reaching to the belly, above the line on the fide ; the back is fp< ttcd with different colours. The mouth is moderately large, but the teeth very fmall. Its forehead, between the eyes, is of a gold colour, and it has four fins, two at the gills and two on the belly; and befide thefe, one' long one running all the length of the back, and another anfwering it 'from the anus to the tail. It tail is not forked. RondeUt. de Pifc. n 2<c G/ot- de Pifc. p. 887. ,..

Pompilus is alfo ufed by fome authors for the nautilus, as well of the papyraceous, as the camerated kind. See the article Nautilus.

POMPION, in botany. See the article Pepo.

POMPONA, a name given by the Spaniards in America to a fort of vanilla, the pods of which are 1] orter and thicker than thofe of the common kind, and of a ftronger fmell, tho' Jcfs agreeable. The pulpy matter alfo in thefe pods is more li- quid than that in the common kind, and the feeds much lar- ger, being as big as thofe of muftard. This is never brought to market alone; but the Indians who gather it, cunninoly mix it among the right kind ; but this mould be taken care of by the buyer, fince this kind is very prejudicial, occafioning violent head-achs in men, and in women vapours and dif- orders of the womb.

It is not yet certainly known whether this be tire fruit of a different fpecies of the vanilla plant, or whether it be only different from the common in age, or in the place of growth of the plant. "

FOMUM, apple, a well known fruit. See Apple.

Among the various kinds of applet, fome are ufed for the de- fert, fome for the kitchin, and fome for cyder-makino-. Thofe ufed for the defert, are the following, placed" as they fucceffively ripen after one another : The white juncating) the margaret apple, the fummcr pearmain, the fummcr queen- ing, the embroidered apple, the golden reinette, the fummer white calville, the fummcr red calville, the filver pippen the aromatic pippen, la reinette grife, la haute bonte, the royal ruffetting, Wheeler's ruffet, Sharp's ruffett, the fpine atple, the . golden-pippen, the nonpareil, the l'api, or pomme d'api Thofe for the kitchin ufe, in the order of their ripening, are thefe : The codling, the fummer marygold, the fummer red pearmain, the Holland pippen, the Kentifti pippen, the cour- pendu, Loan's pearmain, the French reinette, the French nip. pen, the royal ruflet, the monftrous reinette, the winter pearmain, the pome violette, Spencer's pippen, the ftone pip. pen, and the oaken pippen.

Thofe mod efteemed for cyder are, the Devonfhire royal wild- ing, the redftreak apple, the whitfour, the Herefordfhire un- der leaf, and the John apple, or deux amies. The feveral forts of apples are defigned cither for ftandards, or in 1 dwarfs or efpaliers ; thofe that are defigned for ftandards mould be grafted on crab-ftocks, and thofe for dwarfs or ef- paliers, on the codling, or fome other fpecies, which does not lhoot freely. See the article Grafting The bell feafon for planting out thefe trees is, if the foil is

dry, in October ; but in a wet foil 'tis heft to defer it till Fe- bruary. The diftance at which they mould be planted, is forty feet fquare, that.the fun and air'may have room to come every way at them, jmd 'tis a very good method in lar»e orchards, to plough and fow the ground between them, till they arc grown up. Good thriving trees of about three \. ars grafting, are to be chofen for planting ; and they fhould he taken bum a foil as nearly as pofiible of the Tame nature with that they are to be planted into, or rather from one thai is fomething poorer. In preparing thefe trees for planting, all the broken or bruifed roots are to be taken off, asialfo all fuch as crofs and gail one another, and .11 fmall fibres ; for thefe feldom furvive a remove, .ome of the moft luxuriant bran- ches muft be alfo taken off at the fame time, and others fhortened, but the head fbould by no means be cutoff, '1 he holes for the planting them fbould be made about two foot deep, and of a breadth proportioned to the extent of the root; the bottom muff be made even, and the clods and lumps all broken. The tree is then to be fet in the middle of the hole, and placed as upright as poffible, and the earth care- fully placed about its roots ; and, finally, trod down about it with the ftct ; and if the weather he dry, every tree fbould have a good watering, which will fix the earth to the roots. A flake fhould alfo be fixed by the fide of each tree to tie it to, that the wind may not make it and loofen the roots. The foot of each tree mould be then furrounded with turf newly cut, with the green fide downwards ; which will greatly help to keep the earth moift ; and if the feafon be very dry, the waterings muff be repeated at different times ; but it is a'very common error to water new-fet trees too much ; and this mould be carefully avoided. The year afterwards dig in the earth about the roots, and bury the rotted turir, which was laid about the root when planted, and there nc^u's no farther care ; the orchard will then thrive of itfelf. Dwarf flandards are of the leaft value of all apple-trees, ne- ver producing w-ell-tafted fruit; and are therefore the word way of managing this tree.

Efpaliers are commonly planted to furround the quarters of kitchin gardens. Thefe quarters fhould be made as larce as the garden-room will permit. The trees mould be planted at fixteen or eighteen feet afunder, if on crab-ftocks, but if on paradife-flocks, twelve feet will be fuflicient ; when thefe are planted in the manner above-defcribed, they fhould be headed to about four eyes above the graft, and they fhould never be of more than two years old from the grafting when planted. The fummer after they are planted, a number of imall flakes muft be provided, of about three feet long, to drive into the ground on each fide of the trees, four to'cach tree; and. to thefe flakes the new fhoots muft be faftened as horizontally as pofiible. If the trees have taken kindly, pro- bably about Michaelmas all the four eyes will have made fhoots; if fo, at Michaelmas, which is the rieht time for prun- ing, the two upper fhoots fhould be cut off "to four eyes each, but the undermoft may be left with fix or eight; but the branches mould never be fhortened in fummer, unlefs on oc- cafion of filling up fome vacancy in the efpaiier, and then this muft not be done after May.

In the fecond year, all the fhoots muft be trained horizontal- ly, except the fore right ones, which muft be d; (placed as fall as they are produced : at Michaelmus, the branches in the middle of the tree, or wherever there is want of wood, muft be fhortened ; but after this be very careful of any great lop- ping, or fhortening of branches, but leave them at full len.nh, training them all horizontally M/lei's Gartners Didf

POND (C,cl.)-P< nd-jW. See Potamogiiton.

Fijh Pond, bee the article Fish.

PONENDUM in tallium, in law, a writ commanding that a pri- foner be baited, in cafes bailable. Reg.Orig.13 -.Blount, C we/.

Vosekdvk / : gii,, m ad exce; tionem, a writ by which jurtices are required to put their feais to exceptions exhibited by the de- fendant againfl the plaintiff's evidence, verdict, or other pro- ceedings before them, according to Stat. Weftm. 2. Blount, Vowel.

PONENDIS in afffis, a writ granted by the ftatute of Weflm. 2. c. 38. which ftatute fliews what perfons Ihcriffs ou<rht to impanel upon affifes and juries, and what not. Rc<r. Oris 178. F.N. B. 105. Blount, C-wel.

PONTAGIA, a term ufed by Paracelfus, and I is followers, to exprefs a mixing faline fubftances, with thofe which are bit- ter or ftyptic.

PONTEE, in the glafs trade, an iron infirument ufed to flick the glafs at the bottom, for the more convenient fafhionine the neck of it. Keri's Art of Glafs, Appendix.

PoKTEE-Jlah, in glafs making, is the iron whereon the under fervants. place the irons from the upper workmen, when they have knocked oft the broken pieces of glafs. NatHs Art of Olafs, Appendix.

PONT1CA

genmta, a name given by the antients to a fione of

the agate kind, with a white ground and red and black foots, irregularly placed, and making a beautiful variegation in it! This feenis to have been the fame ftone which fome of the moderns have called the final' ,ox /'one, from its foots re- lemWing the eruptions in that difeafe. The antients mention .leveral kinds of. it-, as they were (potted with various colours. 3 PcNTlCA