Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 2.djvu/242

 PHY

P H Y

toot, with maidenhair, horehound, hyfiup, and daify-leaves : the gum-rcfins are alio to be given In fmall dofes ; fuch as am- moniacum, fagapenum, and the like ; and mixtures of crabs eyes faturated with lemon juice, with yitrtolated tartar diflplved in the pectoral waters, are to be given every day three or four times : a little nitre cautioufly given in the intermediate times, will alfo be of great ufe in abating or taking off the fever. After this, the healing the ulcerated parts is to be attempted by the more temperate balfamics; fuch as boiled turpentine, maftic, oiibanum, balfam of Peru and 'capivi, and Lucatellus's balfam : with thefe there always mufl be joined fuch things as will nourifii and give ftrength ; fuch are cmulfions ,made rich with fweet almonds, with jellies and conferve of rofes. If the violence of the diforderis found to remit on this Me- thod, "it will be proper to give a mixture of fpirit of fal armo- niac, with tindlure of fait of tartar, in dofes of about twenty drops, three times a day : this is greatly fcrvice'able in reftoring the parts to their due tone; and if the cough frill continues violent, it will be proper to give fmall dofes of the ftorax-pill at night. If the difeafe is finally t'.ken offby this method, it will be proper afterwards, by way of prevention, to bleed free- ly in the foot every fpring and autumn ; to recall, by all pof- fible means, any habitual difcharge* of blood that had been flopped or fupprefled ; and particularly in men to promote a difcharge by the hemorrhoidal veins, by applying leeches to the part : the patient is not to be loaded with medicines in this cafe, but it will be fufficient always to keep the bowels moderately open, and to ufc moderate, but not violent exer- cife, with diets that are foft and eafy of digeftion. Junck. Confp. Med. p. 16c, feq.

Mr. de Sault endeavours to prove, that aconfumption of the lungs always depends on tubercles, and that an ulcer there is only an effect of thefe tubercles ; and when the difeafe is in its lafl ftadium, and incurable, it then only becomes contagious, by fmall worms, which it communicates to others. The cure which he propofes for the confumption, before it comes to the laft ftage, is to refolve the tubercles with mercury, ft eel, mille- pedes, and the aperient and antifcorbutic plants. He re- marks, that the liver is generally hard in this difeafe; and therefore he applies a warm mercurial plaifter to the right hypochondriac region, rubbing fome mercurial ointment every night on the (kin of that part; then continues in the ufe of tablets made with fteel, millepedes, benzoin, coral and crabs-eyes, of each half an ounce ; cinnamon, three drachms; fugar, half a pound ; mix all with the mucilage of gum-tragacanth, made with orange-flower water. The dofe of thefe tablets is two drachms, morning and evening, warn- ing it down with a ptifan made of the roots of nettles, two ounces of the juice of water-crefl'es, and as much juice of cervill. Med. EflJ Edinb. He fays this method, with riding, has often been fucccfsful.

Dr. Cheyne thinks that a total milk and feed diet, with fre- quent phlebotomies, vomits, bark in the morning and rhu- barb at night, will totally cure confumptions. See his Nat. Method, of Cures, p. 264:

Morton reckons among the fpecies of phthilis, thofe proceed- ing from the diarrheea, dyfentery, gonorrhoea, haemorrhage, and dropfy, and from many other difeafes; and perhaps there are many other remote caufes which can produce a confump- tion, without varying the common immediate caufe of the difeafe, or the method of cure. Med. Em Edinb V. I. p. 266. This dirtemper, according t> fome, is principally to he cured by frequent bleedings in fmall quantities. Med. Eft*. Edinb.

PHU, in botany, a name by which fome authors call the great .garden valerian. C. Baub. p. if 4.

PHYCIS, in zoology, the name of a fifh of the truttaceous kind, more ufually called wllarias, or afellus callarias, and tinea marina, or lea-tench. Gejher, de Fife p. 81.9. bee the article Callarias,

Phycis, in ichthyology, is alfo a name given by Artedi, after Ariftotle, Pliny, and the reft of the antients, to a fifh nearly allied to the genus of the blenni, and called by fome trebhs and fuca ; and according to Rondeletius, the tinea marina of the Italians. Salvian, however, denies that it is the tinea ma- rina, and the matter is yet undecided among the writers on this fubject. See Tjkca marina.

PHYCIPES, in natural hiftory, the name given by the antients to a ftone*uhich had the impreffion of a fea plant of the fu- cus or alga kind ; probably in the manner in which our black coal flate is frequently found to contain the impreffions of fern and other vegetables,

PHYLACISTVE, among the antients, officers to whofe keeping the (Lives in prifona and work-houfes were committed. Pit'tfc, Lex. Ant. in voc.

PHYLARt HUS, Cv?,-^^^ among the Athenians. The pbylartU were magiftrates who had each of them the government of a tribe committed to his charge; and their bulinefs was to take care of the public treafure belonging to each tribe, to manage all their concerns, and call them together as oft as any thing happened that required the prefence of the whole' body. Fetter, Archa-ol. Gnec. !. 1. c. 13. T. 1. p. 7b'.

PHYLATERIA, a name given by fome botanical authors to
 * he tojtum, or poly-mountain. Ger. Emag. Ind. z.

PHYLLA, among the antients, wreaths, or filets, that hung

from the womens head drefs, in form 'of flowers. Pitifc. Lex Antiq. in voc. PHYLLANTHUS, in botany, the name of a genus of plants, called by Martin, in his ge^turiesj mini, as alfo in the hortus amftciodamenfis, and malabaricus.

The characters are thefe : the flowers are fome male and others female, produced on the fame plant, in the mafe flowers the cup is compofed of one leaf, of a campanulated form, and di- vided into fix oval and pbtufe fegments : thefe are coloured, and are the whole flower, for there are no petals. Theftami- na are three filaments, fliorter than the cup, {hmding dole at the bafe, and expanding towards the points. The antheneare double in the female flower. The cup is the fame as in the m.-.le, and there are no petals. The nectarium is a fort of rim of twelve angles, furroundmg the germen of the piftil. This germen is roun :ifb, but obtufely trigonal. The ftylcs are three, they fta'nd expanded, and are obtufely bifid at the extremities. I he fligmata are obtufe. The fruit is a round hn capfule, marked with three furrows, and containing three cells, each compofed of two valves. The feeds are fingle and roundifh, and do not wholly fill theccllsof thccapfule. Ltnnesi Gen. PI. 447. Martin, Cent. 1. p. 9. Hort. Mai. Vol. 10.

PHYLLEN, in botany, a rame given by fome of the old authors to the mereurialis, or male and female French mercury. Ger. Emac. Ind. 2.

PHYLLEREA, ph'd'ercy, in botany, the name of a genus of plants, the characters of which are thefe: the flower confiffcs only of one leaf, and is of a bell like fhape, and divided into four fegments at the edges. The pillil arifes from the cup, and is fixed in the manner of a nail to the hinder part of the flower. This finally becomes a fruit of a roundifh figure, containing

. roundifh feeds

The fpecies of phyllerey^ enumerated by Mr. Tournefort, are thefe: 1. The broad-leaved fmooth phyllerey. 2. The broad- leaved prickly phillerey. 3. The phyllerey with lightly ferrattd leaves. 4. The privet-leaved phyllerey. 5. The common nar- row-leaved phyllerey. 6. The longer narrow-leaved phylerey. 7. The narrow-leaved prickly phyllerey. 8. The phyllerey utfth long and deeply ferrated leaves. 9. The box-leaved phyllerey. 10. The Spanhth bay-leaved pnck]y phyl.'e. ey. 11. The Spanifii nerium-leaved phyllerey: 12. The dwarf American phyllerey, with thick yellow root?, and (harp-pointed leaves. And, 13. The dwarf American phyllerey, with a thick rofe- coloured root and roundifh leaves. Tourn. Inft. p. 596.

PHYLLI IIS, hart's tongue. The feveral fpecies of this plant fee enumerated under the word Lingua eervina. It is recommended by many as an aftringent, and has a place in moft of our difpenfatories. The common kind is efteemed. the beft for medicinal ufe ; it is found in old wells, and under damp walls, fometimes in the ditches under very thick hedges. It is given, in powder or decoction, in fwellings and indura- tions of the fpleen ; ' as alfo'in diarrhceas, and in (pitting of blood, or other hemorrhages, externally: it is accounted a good mundificative for old ulcers. Ray, in his hiftory of plants, tells us alfo. that the powder of the dried leaves does wonders in palpitations of the heart, and hyl'eric aflreclions.

Phyllitis marina, Jea-hart's tongue, in natural hiftory, a name given by fome authors to a fpecies of fea-plant, the leaves of which, in fome degree, refemble thofe of the com- mon barfs tongue. It grows on the rocks at great depths, and is feldom feen, unlcf, when taken up by the coral fillers. Its leaves are fometimes fingle, fometimes they divide into two : they are of a duflcy green colour, and arc about two inches in length : they have each a nerve or rib running along their middle : they are very thin and tranfparent, and are of a fort of cartilaginous ftructurc ; and each has feveral rows of fmall points on each fide of the middle rib, which not unaptly refemble the feedfpots on the leaves of fome of the capillary plants; but not on thofe of the phyllitis, or hart's tongue in particular, becaufe they are in that plant not round but ob- long, and ftand only in a fingle row on each fide the rib. When this plant is viewed by the microlcope, it appears in all parts of the leaf full cf little holes; and thofe which are fo plain to the naked eye, are no other way different from the imperceptible ones, but in that they are larger. The plant has no root, and therefore takes in its nourifhment by thefe numerous holes in its furface. Marftgl't, Hift. Mer.

Pm ll 1 tis marina Triumfetii, in natural hiftory, the name of a fea plant, defcribed by count Marftgli and other?, and taking its denomination from Triumfetti's judging it like the com- mon ban's tongue, which grows on the fides of wells, and in other fuch places. It is found in great abundance on the coafts of the Mediterranean in feveral places at different depths, and grows to the rocks and ftones. It grows to about three inches in I eight, and its colour is a yellowiih green; it is foft and tough while in the water, but when dried it becomes very brittle, and may be rubbed to powder between the fin- gers. It is very elegantly branched, and its leaves are difpofed with great fymmetry and regularity, and are placed 'in a nice order for the properly receiving nourifhment and conveying it all over the plant. On examining thefe leaves with a microf- cope, they are found to be in reality only fo many tubes, hollow all the way along, and having an aperture at the ex- 2 tremity,